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Liu X, Liu X, Zhang Z. Application of yellow phosphorus slag in resource recovery and environmental remediation: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119397. [PMID: 37897903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Yellow phosphorus slag (YPS) is a byproduct in the production of yellow phosphorus, which contains several harmful components, such as phosphorus and fluorine. Approximately 8-12 tons of YPS are produced for each ton of yellow phosphorus. The accumulation of YPS causes serious environmental pollution problems with the development of the phosphorus industry. Various methods of utilizing YPS for high-value products and environmental remediation have been developed. The silicon, calcium and rare earth metals (REMs) contained in YPS can be extracted to produce high-value products. YPS, as an environmental remediation material, is generally used in wastewater treatment, soil remediation and carbon capture and utilization and is a promising method for solid waste treatment. This paper describes the physical and chemical properties of YPS. The recovery methods and mechanisms of waste heat, silicon, calcium and REMs in YPS are summarized and evaluated, and the application of YPS as an environmental remediation material is also described. Moreover, the currently existing problems of YPS treatment are discussed, and some suggestions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China; School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zengqi Zhang
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Liu X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Wei C, Zeng Q, Li Y, Ma S. Investigation of the Pozzolanic Activity Improvement of Yellow Phosphorus Slag with Thermal Activation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6047. [PMID: 37687741 PMCID: PMC10489051 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Yellow phosphorus slag (YPS) is a byproduct from the production of yellow phosphorus. It has potential pozzolanic activity and can be used as a supplementary cementitious material. However, the early strength of cement mortar decreases significantly with increasing YPS dosage, which restricts the utilization of YPS in cement and concrete. This study aimed to increase the pozzolanic activity of YPS ash by thermal activation. The strength method, alkali dissolution method and polymerization degree method were used to evaluate the effect of thermal activation at different temperatures on the pozzolanic activity of YPS ash. The results showed that YPS ash calcined at 800 °C helps to enhance the early strength because the fluorine in cuspidine (Ca4Si2O7F2) is insoluble, reducing the retarding effect on the mortar. The higher late strength of YPS ash calcined at 100 °C was due to the low polymerization degree of [SiO4]. The pozzolanic activity of YPS ash is positively correlated with the dissolution concentration of (Si + Al) and the compressive strength and negatively associated with the polymerization degree. This paper shows a possibility for the large-scale utilization of YPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (C.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (C.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Zengqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (C.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Chao Wei
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (C.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Qingsen Zeng
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (C.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Yantian Li
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (C.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Shanliang Ma
- School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (C.W.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.M.)
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Aziz IH, Abdullah MMAB, Salleh MAAM, Ming LY, Li LY, Sandu AV, Vizureanu P, Nemes O, Mahdi SN. Recent Developments in Steelmaking Industry and Potential Alkali Activated Based Steel Waste: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:1948. [PMID: 35269179 PMCID: PMC8911774 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The steel industry is responsible for one-third of all global industrial CO2 emissions, putting pressure on the industry to shift forward towards more environmentally friendly production methods. The metallurgical industry is under enormous pressure to reduce CO2 emissions as a result of growing environmental concerns about global warming. The reduction in CO2 emissions is normally fulfilled by recycling steel waste into alkali-activated cement. Numerous types of steel waste have been produced via three main production routes, including blast furnace, electric arc furnace, and basic oxygen furnace. To date, all of the steel waste has been incorporated into alkali activation system to enhance the properties. This review focuses on the current developments over the last ten years in the steelmaking industry. This work also summarizes the utilization of steel waste for improving cement properties through an alkali activation system. Finally, this work presents some future research opportunities with regard to the potential of steel waste to be utilized as an alkali-activated material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikmal Hakem Aziz
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (M.A.A.M.S.); (L.Y.M.)
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (M.A.A.M.S.); (L.Y.M.)
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (M.A.A.M.S.); (L.Y.M.)
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Liew Yun Ming
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (M.A.A.M.S.); (L.Y.M.)
- Geopolymer & Green Technology, Center of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Long Yuan Li
- School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK;
| | - Andrei Victor Sandu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 41, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, D. Mangeron 41, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Nemes
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, B-dul Muncii 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Shaik Numan Mahdi
- School of Civil Engineering, CERSSE-JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560069, Karnataka, India;
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