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Kurtović M, Piteša N, Čonkaš J, Hajpek H, Vučić M, Musani V, Ozretić P, Sabol M. GLI Transcriptional Targets S100A7 and KRT16 Show Upregulated Expression Patterns in Epidermis Overlying the Tumor Mass in Melanoma Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6084. [PMID: 38892279 PMCID: PMC11172526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Although not completely understood, the role of the Hedgehog-GLI (HH-GLI) signaling pathway in melanoma and epithelial skin tumors has been reported before. In this study, we confirmed in various melanoma cell line models that keratin 16 (KRT16) and S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A7 (S100A7) are transcriptional targets of GLI Family Zinc Finger (GLI) proteins. Besides their important role in protecting and maintaining the epidermal barrier, keratins are somehow tightly connected with the S100 family of proteins. We found that stronger expression of KRT16 indeed corresponds to stronger expression of S100A7 in our clinical melanoma samples. We also report a trend regarding staining of GLI1, which corresponds to stronger staining of GLI3, KRT16, and S100A7 proteins. The most interesting of our findings is that all the proteins are detected specifically in the epidermis overlying the tumor, but rarely in the tumor itself. The examined proteins were also not detected in the healthy epidermis at the edges of the sample, suggesting that the staining is specific to the epidermis overlaying the tumor mass. Of all proteins, only S100A7 demonstrated a statistically significant trend regarding tumor staging and staining intensity. Results from our clinical samples prove that immune infiltration is an important feature of melanoma. Pigmentophages and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) demonstrate a significant association with tumor stage, while mononuclear cells are equally present in all stages. For S100A7, we found an association between the number of TILs and staining intensity. Considering these new findings presented in our study, we suggest a more detailed examination of the possible role of the S100A7 protein as a biomarker in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matea Kurtović
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (N.P.); (J.Č.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Nikolina Piteša
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (N.P.); (J.Č.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Josipa Čonkaš
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (N.P.); (J.Č.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Helena Hajpek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (N.P.); (J.Č.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (P.O.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Majda Vučić
- Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Musani
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (N.P.); (J.Č.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (N.P.); (J.Č.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (P.O.)
| | - Maja Sabol
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.K.); (N.P.); (J.Č.); (H.H.); (V.M.); (P.O.)
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Ge WW, Chen ZM, Chou MW, Ismail F, Chen G, Wu LM, Yang JQ. Mutation p.Arg127Pro in the 1A Domain of KRT16 Causes Pachyonychia Congenita in Chinese Patient: A Case Report of PC Associated with Acral Melanoma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:1111-1116. [PMID: 38770089 PMCID: PMC11104379 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s462273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a group of rare hereditary disorders, characterised by hypertrophic nails and palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), particularly localised to the pressure areas of the feet. At a molecular level, it is caused by mutations in genes encoding KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16, or KRT17. To identify the underlying gene mutation in a Chinese family with PC presenting with disabling palmoplantar keratoderma and subsequent associated acral melanoma. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of three available individuals in the Chinese family, which included the patient and his two unaffected sisters. The index patient presented with severe palmoplantar keratoderma as well as a newly diagnosed acral malignant melanoma (MM). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was carried out with amplification of exon 1 of KRT16 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products were then sequenced to identify potential mutations. We identified the proline substitution mutation p.Arg127Pro (c.380G>C) in our patient's 1A domain of KRT16. The same mutation was not found in his sisters or unrelated healthy controls. The mutation (p.Arg127Pro (c.380G>C)) in KRT16 has been reported in Dutch patients with PC. However, it is the first such report of a patient with a PC of Chinese origin. In addition, the acral MM occurred under the background of genetic PPK caused by KRT16 mutation in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ge
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital (Mental Health Center Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zai-Ming Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital (Mental Health Center Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Wei Chou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ferina Ismail
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Free Hospital, London, England
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Second People’s Hospital (Mental Health Center Affiliated to Taizhou University School of Medicine), Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Wu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Hangzhou People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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George Warren W, Osborn M, Yates A, Wright K, E O'Sullivan S. The emerging role of fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) in cancers. Drug Discov Today 2023:103628. [PMID: 37230284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5, or epidermal FABP) is an intracellular chaperone of fatty acid molecules that regulates lipid metabolism and cell growth. In patient-derived tumours, FABP5 expression is increased up to tenfold, often co-expressed with other cancer-related proteins. High tumoral FABP5 expression is associated with poor prognosis. FABP5 activates transcription factors (TFs) leading to increased expression of proteins involved in tumorigenesis. Genetic and pharmacological preclinical studies show that inhibiting FABP5 reduces protumoral markers, whereas elevation of FABP5 promotes tumour growth and spread. Thus, FABP5 might be a valid target for novel therapeutics. The evidence base is currently strongest for liver, prostate, breast, and brain cancers, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which could represent relevant patient populations for any drug discovery programme. Teaser: This review presents the growing evidence that upregulated fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) plays a role in the progression of multiple cancer types, and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andy Yates
- Artelo Biosciences, Solana Beach, CA, USA
| | - Karen Wright
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Schanknecht E, Bachari A, Nassar N, Piva T, Mantri N. Phytochemical Constituents and Derivatives of Cannabis sativa; Bridging the Gap in Melanoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010859. [PMID: 36614303 PMCID: PMC9820847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is deadly, physically impairing, and has ongoing treatment deficiencies. Current treatment regimens include surgery, targeted kinase inhibitors, immunotherapy, and combined approaches. Each of these treatments face pitfalls, with diminutive five-year survival in patients with advanced metastatic invasion of lymph and secondary organ tissues. Polyphenolic compounds, including cannabinoids, terpenoids, and flavonoids; both natural and synthetic, have emerging evidence of nutraceutical, cosmetic and pharmacological potential, including specific anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and palliative utility. Cannabis sativa is a wellspring of medicinal compounds whose direct and adjunctive application may offer considerable relief for melanoma suffers worldwide. This review aims to address the diverse applications of C. sativa's biocompounds in the scope of melanoma and suggest it as a strong candidate for ongoing pharmacological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Schanknecht
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ava Bachari
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Nazim Nassar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Terrence Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Lab, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Shiu J, Zhang L, Lentsch G, Flesher JL, Jin S, Polleys CM, Jo SJ, Mizzoni C, Mobasher P, Kwan J, Rius-Diaz F, Tromberg BJ, Georgakoudi I, Nie Q, Balu M, Ganesan AK. Multimodal analyses of vitiligo skin identifies tissue characteristics of stable disease. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154585. [PMID: 35653192 PMCID: PMC9310536 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by the destruction of melanocytes by autoreactive CD8+ T cells. Melanocyte destruction in active vitiligo is mediated by CD8+ T cells, but the persistence of white patches in stable disease is poorly understood. The interaction between immune cells, melanocytes, and keratinocytes in situ in human skin has been difficult to study due to the lack of proper tools. We combine noninvasive multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) to identify subpopulations of keratinocytes in stable vitiligo patients. We show that, compared with nonlesional skin, some keratinocyte subpopulations are enriched in lesional vitiligo skin and shift their energy utilization toward oxidative phosphorylation. Systematic investigation of cell-to-cell communication networks show that this small population of keratinocyte secrete CXCL9 and CXCL10 to potentially drive vitiligo persistence. Pseudotemporal dynamics analyses predict an alternative differentiation trajectory that generates this new population of keratinocytes in vitiligo skin. Further MPM imaging of patients undergoing punch grafting treatment showed that keratinocytes favoring oxidative phosphorylation persist in nonresponders but normalize in responders. In summary, we couple advanced imaging with transcriptomics and bioinformatics to discover cell-to-cell communication networks and keratinocyte cell states that can perpetuate inflammation and prevent repigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Shiu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Griffin Lentsch
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Jessica L Flesher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Suoqin Jin
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Christopher M Polleys
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, United States of America
| | - Seong Jin Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Craig Mizzoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, United States of America
| | - Pezhman Mobasher
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Kwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, United States of America
| | - Francisca Rius-Diaz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Bruce J Tromberg
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, United States of America
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Mihaela Balu
- Department of Surgery, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
| | - Anand K Ganesan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States of America
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Beleaua MA, Jung I, Braicu C, Milutin D, Gurzu S. Relevance of BRAF Subcellular Localization and Its Interaction with KRAS and KIT Mutations in Skin Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11918. [PMID: 34769348 PMCID: PMC8584522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although skin melanoma (SKM) represents only one-quarter of newly diagnosed skin malignant tumors, it presents a high mortality rate. Hence, new prognostic and therapeutic tools need to be developed. This study focused on investigating the prognostic value of the subcellular expression of BRAF, KRAS, and KIT in SKM in correlation with their gene-encoding interactions. In silico analysis of the abovementioned gene interactions, along with their mRNA expression, was conducted, and the results were validated at the protein level using immunohistochemical (IHC) stains. For IHC expression, the encoded protein expressions were checked on 96 consecutive SKMs and 30 nevi. The UALCAN database showed no prognostic value for the mRNA expression level of KRAS and BRAF and demonstrated a longer survival for patients with low mRNA expression of KIT in SKMs. IHC examinations of SKMs confirmed the UALCAN data and showed that KIT expression was inversely correlated with ulceration, Breslow index, mitotic rate, and pT stage. KRAS expression was also found to be inversely correlated with ulceration and perineural invasion. When the subcellular expression of BRAF protein was recorded (nuclear vs. cytoplasmatic vs. mixed nucleus + cytoplasm), a direct correlation was emphasized between nuclear positivity and lymphovascular or perineural invasion. The independent prognostic value was demonstrated for mixed expression of the BRAF protein in SKM. BRAF cytoplasmic predominance, in association with KIT's IHC positivity, was more frequently observed in early-stage nonulcerated SKMs, which displayed a low mitotic rate and a late death event. The present study firstly verified the possible prognostic value of BRAF subcellular localization in SKMs. A low mRNA expression or IHC cytoplasmic positivity for KIT and BRAF might be used as a positive prognostic parameter of SKM. SKM's BRAF nuclear positivity needs to be evaluated in further studies as a possible indicator of perineural and lymphovascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius-Alexandru Beleaua
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.J.); (D.M.)
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.J.); (D.M.)
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Research Center for Oncopathology and Translational Medicine (CCOMT), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Doina Milutin
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.J.); (D.M.)
| | - Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.J.); (D.M.)
- Research Center for Oncopathology and Translational Medicine (CCOMT), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Li M, Li C, Lu P, Wang B, Gao Y, Liu W, Shi Y, Ma Y. Expression and function analysis of CRABP2 and FABP5, and their ratio in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1444-1458. [PMID: 34632074 PMCID: PMC8477672 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of CRABP2 and FABP5, and their ratio on prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The expression data of CRABP2 in esophageal cancer in TCGA and GEO were collected by the public database GEPIA. The expression levels of CRABP2 and FABP5 were examined using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the two proteins and related clinicopathological parameters were analyzed by χ2 test. Survival analysis was used to investigate the effect of CRABP2 and FABP5, and their ratio on prognosis. Results Compared with normal esophageal mucosal epithelium, there was lower CRABP2 gene mRNA in the esophageal cancer tissue, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). For the expression level, no significant difference was observed in patients with stages I–IV in esophageal cancer. Immunohistochemistry showed that CRABP2 and FABP5 were both highly expressed in normal esophageal squamous epithelial cells at 100 and 94.1%, while lower in ESCC (75.6 and 58.7%). There was a significant difference in the expression between cancer and adjacent tissues (p < 0.001). No inherent relationship was manifested between the CRABP2 expression and the clinical parameters of the ESCC. The expression of FABP5 was related to lymph node metastasis (p = 0.032), the depth of invasion (p = 0.041), and the AJCC stage (p = 0.013). The ratio of CRABP2 and FABP5 was related to ethnicity (p = 0.001), nerve invasion (p = 0.031), and postoperative treatment (p = 0.038). CRABP2 is positively associated with FABP5 (r = 0.156, p = 0.041) and the ratio (r = 0.334, p = 0.000), while there was a negative correlation between FABP5 and the ratio (r = −0.269, p = 0.000). Patients with CRABP2-positive expression had a significantly longer overall survival than patients with CRABP2-negative expression (p = 0.025). Conclusion CRABP2 as a suppressor factor is expected to be a potential prognosis marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Li
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Departments of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Gao
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wengying Liu
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shi
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Ma
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Liyushan Road, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
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