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Jeyabalan JB, Pathak S, Mariappan E, Mohanakumar KP, Dhanasekaran M. Validating the nutraceutical and neuroprotective pharmacodynamics of flavones. Neurochem Int 2024; 180:105829. [PMID: 39147202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are generally characterized by progressive neuronal loss and cognitive decline, with underlying mechanisms involving oxidative stress, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction. Currently, the available treatment options only improve the symptoms of the disease but do not stop disease progression; neurodegeneration. This underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting multiple neurodegenerative pathways alongside the conventional therapeutic strategies available. Emerging evidence demonstrates that flavones a subgroup of flavonoids found abundantly in various dietary sources, have surfaced as promising candidates for neuroprotection due to their multifaceted pharmacological properties. Flavones possess the potency to modulate these pathophysiological processes through their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neurotrophic activities. Additionally, flavones have been shown to interact with various cellular targets, including receptors and enzymes, to confer neuroprotection. Though there are ample evidence available, the nutraceutical and neuroprotective pharmacodynamics of flavones have not been very well established. Hence, the current review aims to explores the therapeutic potential of flavones as nutraceuticals with neuroprotective effects, focusing on their ability to modulate key pathways implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. The current article also aims to actuate supplementary research into flavones as potential agents for alleviating neurodegeneration and improving patient outcomes in neurodegenerative disorders globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaram Bharathi Jeyabalan
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Nilgiris, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Suhrud Pathak
- Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Esakkimuthukumar Mariappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Nilgiris, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - K P Mohanakumar
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Guidotti L, Tomassi E, Marracci S, Lai M, Lapi D, Pesi R, Pucci L, Novellino E, Albi E, Garcia-Gil M. Effects of Nutraceuticals on Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17416. [PMID: 38139245 PMCID: PMC10743635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of several solid tumors, whose use is limited by its nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, and development of resistance. The toxicity is caused by DNA cross-linking, increase in reactive oxygen species and/or depletion of cell antioxidant defenses. The aim of the work was to study the effect of antioxidant compounds (Lisosan G, Taurisolo®) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-releasing compounds (erucin) in the auditory HEI-OC1 cell line treated with cisplatin. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Caspase and sphingomyelinase activities were measured by fluorometric and colorimetric methods, respectively. Expression of transcription factors, apoptosis hallmarks and genes codifying for antioxidant response proteins were measured by Western blot and/or RT-qPCR. Lisosan G, Taurisolo® and erucin did not show protective effects. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of H2S, increased the viability of cisplatin-treated cells and the transcription of heme oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase 2, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase type 1 and the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), the Bax/Bcl2 ratio, caspase-3, caspase-8 and acid sphingomyelinase activity. Therefore, NaHS might counteract the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by increasing the antioxidant response and by reducing ROS levels and caspase and acid sphingomyelinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Guidotti
- General Physiology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Elena Tomassi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Silvia Marracci
- General Physiology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Centre, Department of Translational Medicine and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Strada Statale del Brennero 2, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Dominga Lapi
- General Physiology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Laura Pucci
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Italian National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Albi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Interno Orto Botanico, University of Perugia, Via Romana, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- General Physiology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (S.M.); (D.L.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Zannella C, Chianese A, Annunziata G, Ambrosino A, De Filippis A, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Stornaiuolo M, Galdiero M. Antiherpetic Activity of Taurisolo ®, a Grape Pomace Polyphenolic Extract. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1346. [PMID: 37317320 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is widespread in the population, causing oral or genital ulcers and, rarely, severe complications such as encephalitis, keratitis, and neonatal herpes. Current available anti-HSV drugs are acyclovir and its derivatives, although long-term therapy with these agents can lead to drug resistance. Thus, the discovery of novel antiherpetic compounds merits additional studies. In recent decades, much scientific effort has been invested in the discovery of new synthetic or natural compounds with promising antiviral properties. In our study, we tested the antiviral potential of a novel polyphenol-based nutraceutical formulation (named Taurisolo®) consisting of a water polyphenol extract of grape pomace. The evaluation of the antiviral activity was carried out by using HSV-1 and HSV-2 in plaque assay experiments to understand the mechanism of action of the extract. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and fluorescence microscope. Taurisolo® was able to block the viral infection by acting on cells when added together with the virus and also when the virus was pretreated with the extract, demonstrating an inhibitory activity directed to the early phases of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection. Altogether, these data evidence for the first time the potential use of Taurisolo® as a topical formulation for both preventing and healing herpes lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Filippis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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Gorbenko AV, Skirdenko YP, Andreev KA, Fedorin MM, Nikolaev NA, Livzan MA. Microbiota and Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms of Influence and Correction Possibilities. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2023; 19:58-64. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2023-01-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "microbiota" refers to the microbial community occupying a specific habitat with defined physical and chemical properties and forming specific ecological niches. The adult intestinal microbiota is diverse. It mainly consists of bacteria of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes types. The link between the gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is being actively discussed. Rapid progress in this field is explained by the development of new generation sequencing methods and the use of sterile gut mice in experiments. More and more data are being published about the influence of microbiota on the development and course of hypertension, coronary heart disease (IHD), myocardial hypertrophy, chronic heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Diet therapy, antibacterial drugs, pro- and prebiotics are successfully used as tools to correct the structure of the gut microbiota of the macroorganism. Correction of gut microbiota in an experiment on rats with coronary occlusion demonstrates a significant reduction in necrotic area. A study involving patients suffering from CHF reveals a significant reduction in the level of uric acid, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and creatinine. In addition to structural and laboratory changes in patients with CVD when modifying the microbiota of the gut, also revealed the effect on the course of arterial hypertension. Correction of gut microbiota has a beneficial effect on the course of AF. We assume that further active study of issues of influence and interaction of gut microbiota and macroorganism may in the foreseeable future make significant adjustments in approaches to treatment of such patients.
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Xu W, Lu H, Yuan Y, Deng Z, Zheng L, Li H. The Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids from Propolis via Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162439. [PMID: 36010439 PMCID: PMC9407528 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that propolis possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the main flavonoids of propolis (chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, and pinobanksin) and propolis extract were researched. The results showed that the cellular ROS (Reactive oxygen species) levels, antioxidant enzymes, Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) nuclear translocation, and the expression of NQO1 (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1) and HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) were regulated by different concentrations of individual flavonoids and propolis extract, which showed good antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. For example, ROS levels were decreased; SOD and CAT activities were increased; and the expression of HO-1 protein was increased by chrysin. The results demonstrated that NO (Nitric Oxide), NOS (Nitric Oxide Synthase), and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by different concentrations of individual flavonoids and propolis extract. Moreover, the results revealed that the phytochemicals presented antioxidant effects at lower concentrations but pro-oxidant effects and stronger anti-inflammatory effects at higher concentrations. To maintain the balance of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it is possible that phytochemicals activate the Nrf2 pathway and inhibited the NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa B) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Han Lu
- Guiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zeyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-15979100756
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Annunziata G, Capó X, Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Tejada S, Tur JA, Ciampaglia R, Guerra F, Maisto M, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Sureda A. Ex Vivo Study on the Antioxidant Activity of a Winemaking By-Product Polyphenolic Extract (Taurisolo ®) on Human Neutrophils. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071009. [PMID: 34201732 PMCID: PMC8300751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) has been linked to several chronic diseases and is recognized to have both major causes and consequences. The use of antioxidant-based nutraceuticals has been licensed as an optimal tool for management of OxS-related diseases. Currently, great interest is focused on the valorization of agri-food by-products as a source of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. In this sense, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel nutraceutical formulation based on polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape pomace (registered as Taurisolo®). In particular, we tested both native and in vitro gastrointestinal digested forms. The two extracts have been used to treat ex vivo neutrophils from subjects with metabolic syndrome, reporting a marked antioxidant activity of Taurisolo®, as shown by its ability to significantly reduce both the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activities of catalase and myeloperoxidase in the cell medium after stimulation of neutrophils with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Interestingly, we observed an increase in intracellular enzymatic activities in PMA-treated cells, suggesting that Taurisolo® polyphenols might be able to activate nuclear factors, up-regulating the expression of this target antioxidant gene. In addition, Taurisolo® reversed the increase in malondialdehyde induced by PMA; reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and myeloperoxidase (MPO); and induced the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Overall, these results suggest the efficacy of Taurisolo® in contrasting the OxS at blood level, providing evidence for its therapeutic potential in the management of OxS-related pathological conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Annunziata
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Xavier Capó
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Department and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Fabrizia Guerra
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Maisto
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- NutraPharmaLabs, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (F.G.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-678-610
| | - Ettore Novellino
- NGN Healthcare—New Generation Nutraceuticals s.r.l., Torrette Via Nazionale 207, 83013 Mercogliano, Italy;
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (X.C.); (M.M.Q.-L.); (M.M.-M.); (S.T.); (J.A.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Bevacizumab-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and ERK Inactivation Contribute to Cardiotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5548130. [PMID: 33859777 PMCID: PMC8009725 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the cardiotoxicity associated with bevacizumab, a first-line immunotherapeutic agent used to treat lung cancer, are not fully understood. Here, we examined intracellular signal transduction in cardiomyocytes after exposure to different doses of bevacizumab in vitro. Our results demonstrated that bevacizumab significantly and dose-dependently reduces cardiomyocyte viability and increases cell apoptosis. Bevacizumab treatment also led to mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the decreased ATP production, increased ROS production, attenuated antioxidative enzyme levels, and reduced respiratory complex function. In addition, bevacizumab induced intracellular calcium overload, ER stress, and caspase-12 activation. Finally, bevacizumab treatment inhibited the ERK signaling pathway, which, in turn, significantly reduced cardiomyocyte viability and contributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. Together, our results demonstrate that bevacizumab-mediated cardiotoxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and ERK pathway inactivation. These findings may provide potential treatment targets to attenuate myocardial injury during lung cancer immunotherapy.
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