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Zhuang Q, Li M, Hu D, Li J. Recent advances in potential targets for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: Role of macrophages. Mol Immunol 2024; 169:1-9. [PMID: 38447462 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a complex process that occurs when blood flow is restored after myocardium infarction (MI) with exacerbated tissue damage. Macrophages, essential cell type of the immune response, play an important role in MIRI. Macrophage subpopulations, namely M1 and M2, are distinguished by distinct phenotypes and functions. In MIRI, macrophages infiltrate in infarcted area, shaping the inflammatory response and influencing tissue healing. Resident cardiac macrophages interact with monocyte-derived macrophages in MIRI, and influence injury progression. Key factors including chemokines, cytokines, and toll-like receptors modulate macrophage behavior in MIRI. This review aims to address recent findings on the classification and the roles of macrophages in the myocardium, spanning from MI to subsequent MIRI, and highlights various signaling pathways implicated in macrophage polarization underlining the complexity of MIRI. This article will shed light on developing advanced therapeutic strategies for MIRI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhuang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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2
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Seck I, Ndoye SF, Kapchoup MVK, Nguemo F, Ciss I, Ba LA, Ba A, Sokhna S, Seck M. Effects of plant extracts and derivatives on cardiac K +, Nav, and Ca v channels: a review. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38586947 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2337112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are endless sources of compounds for fighting against several pathologies. Many dysfunctions, including cardiovascular disorders, such as cardiac arrhythmias have their modes of action regulation of the concentration of electrolytes inside and outside the cell targeting ion channels. Here, we highlight plant extracts and secondary metabolites' effects on the treatment of related cardiac pathologies on hERG, Nav, and Cav of cardiomyocytes. The natural product's pharmacology of expressed receptors like alpha-adrenergic receptors causes an influx of Ca2+ ions through receptor-operated Ca2+ ion channels. We also examine the NPs associated with cardiac contractions such as myocardial contractility by reducing the L-type calcium current and decreasing the intracellular calcium transient, inhibiting the K+ induced contractions, decreasing amplitude of myocyte shortening and showed negative ionotropic and chronotropic effects due to decreasing cytosolic Ca2+. We examine whether the NPs block potassium channels, particular the hERG channel and regulatory effects on Nav1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samba Fama Ndoye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ismaila Ciss
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lalla Aicha Ba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abda Ba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Seynabou Sokhna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Matar Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Chen P, Gao Z, Guo M, Pan D, Zhang H, Du J, Shi D. Efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponin injection in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1353662. [PMID: 38576488 PMCID: PMC10991745 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1353662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) injection, when combined with conventional treatment (CT), for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted in seven databases from inception until 28 September 2023. The search aimed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on PNS injection in the context of AMI. This meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and its protocol was registered with PROSPERO (number: CRD42023480131). Result: Twenty RCTs involving 1,881 patients were included. The meta-analysis revealed that PNS injection, used adjunctively with CT, significantly improved treatment outcomes compared to CT alone, as evidenced by the following points: (1) enhanced total effective rate [OR = 3.09, p < 0.05]; (2) decreased incidence of major adverse cardiac events [OR = 0.32, p < 0.05]; (3) reduction in myocardial infarct size [MD = -6.53, p < 0.05]; (4) lower ST segment elevation amplitude [MD = -0.48, p < 0.05]; (5) mitigated myocardial injury as indicated by decreased levels of creatine kinase isoenzymes [MD = -11.19, p < 0.05], cardiac troponin T [MD = -3.01, p < 0.05], and cardiac troponin I [MD = -10.72, p < 0.05]; (6) enhanced cardiac function, reflected in improved brain natriuretic peptide [MD = -91.57, p < 0.05], left ventricular ejection fraction [MD = 5.91, p < 0.05], left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [MD = -3.08, p < 0.05], and cardiac output [MD = 0.53, p < 0.05]; (7) reduced inflammatory response, as shown by lower levels of C-reactive protein [MD = -2.99, p < 0.05], tumor necrosis factor-α [MD = -6.47, p < 0.05], interleukin-6 [MD = -24.46, p < 0.05], and pentraxin-3 [MD = -2.26, p < 0.05]; (8) improved vascular endothelial function, demonstrated by decreased endothelin-1 [MD = -20.56, p < 0.05] and increased nitric oxide [MD = 1.33, p < 0.05]; (9) alleviated oxidative stress, evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase levels [MD = 25.84, p < 0.05]; (10) no significant difference in adverse events [OR = 1.00, p = 1.00]. Conclusion: This study highlighted the efficacy and safety of adjunctive PNS injections in enhancing AMI patient outcomes beyond CT alone. Future RCTs need to solidify these findings through rigorous methods. Systematic Review Registration: (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/), identifier (CRD42023480131).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuye Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Du
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, Cohina Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Cardiovascular Diseases Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Araujo AMD, Cerqueira SVSD, Menezes-Filho JERD, Heimfarth L, Matos KKDOG, Mota KO, Conceição MRDL, Marques LP, Roman-Campos D, Santos-Neto AGD, Albuquerque-Júnior RLCD, Santos VCDO, Vasconcelos CMLD. Naringin improves post-ischemic myocardial injury by activation of K ATP channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 958:176069. [PMID: 37741428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Naringin (NRG) is a flavonoid with recognized cardioprotective effects. Then, it was investigated the cardioprotective mechanisms of NRG against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The rats were pretreated for 7 days (v.o.) with NRG (25 mg/kg) or n-acetylcysteine (NAC, 100 mg/kg) and their isolated hearts were subjected to global ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (60 min). Furthermore, isolated hearts were perfused with 5 μM NRG in the presence of 10 μM glibenclamide (GLI) and subjected to I/R protocol. In healthy ventricular cardiomyocyte, it was evaluated the acute effect of 5 μM NRG on the GLI sensitive current. The results showed that NRG pretreatment restored the cardiac function and electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations induced by I/R injury, decreasing arrhythmia scores and the occurrence of severe arrhythmias. Lactate dehydrogenase and infarct area were decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and citrate synthase activities increased. Expression of SOD CuZn and SOD Mn not was altered. NRG treatment decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation without alter sulfhydryl groups and protein carbonylation. Also, NRG (5 μM) increased the glibenclamide sensitive current in isolated cardiomyocytes. In isolated heart, the cardioprotection of NRG was significantly reduced by GLI. Furthermore, NRG promoted downregulation of Bax expression and Bax/Bcl-2. Histopathological analysis showed that NRG decreased cell edema, cardiomyocytes and nucleus diameter. Thus, NRG has a cardioprotective effect against cardiac I/R injury which is mediated by its antioxidant and antiapoptotic actions and KATP channels activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luana Heimfarth
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Oliveira Mota
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sun J, Fan J, Yang F, Su X, Li X, Tian L, Liu C, Xing Y. Effect and possible mechanisms of saponins in Chinese herbal medicine exerts for the treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in experimental animal: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1147740. [PMID: 37564906 PMCID: PMC10410164 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1147740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main direction of myocardial infarction treatment in the convalescent stage. Some studies have suggested that saponins in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations can protect the myocardium by various mechanisms. Our meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of TCM saponins in treating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) and to summarize the potential molecular mechanisms further. Methods We conducted a literature search in six electronic databases [Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Sinomed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)] until October 2022. Results Seventeen eligible studies included 386 animals (254 received saponins and 132 received vehicles). The random effect model is used to calculate the combined effect. The effect size is expressed as the weighted average difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared with placebo, saponins preconditioning reduced infarct size after MIRI significantly (WMD: -3.60,95% CI: -4.45 to -2.74, P < 0.01, I2: 84.7%, P < 0.001), and significantly increased EF (WMD: 3.119, 95% CI: 2.165 to 4.082, P < 0.01, I2: 82.9%, P < 0.0 L) and FS (WMD: 3.157, 95% CI: 2.218 to 4.097, P < 0.001, I2: 81.3%, P < 0.001). Discussion The results show that the pre-administration of saponins from TCM has a significant protective effect on MIRI in preclinical studies, which provides an application prospect for developing anti-MIRI drugs with high efficiency and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Sun
- Yanqing Hospital of Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarong Fan
- Clinical Department of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Su
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinye Li
- Clinical Department of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Clinical Department of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Huang G, Lu X, Duan Z, Zhang K, Xu L, Bao H, Xiong X, Lin M, Li C, Li Y, Zhou H, Luo Z, Li W. PCSK9 Knockdown Can Improve Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Autophagy. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:951-961. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Liang Z, He Y, Hu X. Cardio-Oncology: Mechanisms, Drug Combinations, and Reverse Cardio-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810617. [PMID: 36142538 PMCID: PMC9501315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have brought hope to cancer patients. With the prolongation of survival of cancer patients and increased clinical experience, cancer-therapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity has attracted attention. The adverse effects of cancer therapy that can lead to life-threatening or induce long-term morbidity require rational approaches to prevention and treatment, which requires deeper understanding of the molecular biology underpinning the disease. In addition to the drugs used widely for cardio-protection, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations are also efficacious and can be expected to achieve “personalized treatment” from multiple perspectives. Moreover, the increased prevalence of cancer in patients with cardiovascular disease has spurred the development of “reverse cardio-oncology”, which underscores the urgency of collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which cancer therapy induces cardiovascular toxicity, the combination of antineoplastic and cardioprotective drugs, and recent advances in reverse cardio-oncology.
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Crespo-García T, Cámara-Checa A, Dago M, Rubio-Alarcón M, Rapún J, Tamargo J, Delpón E, Caballero R. Regulation of cardiac ion channels by transcription factors: Looking for new opportunities of druggable targets for the treatment of arrhythmias. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115206. [PMID: 35963339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac electrical activity is governed by different ion channels that generate action potentials. Acquired or inherited abnormalities in the expression and/or function of ion channels usually result in electrophysiological changes that can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Transcription factors (TFs) control gene transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences adjacent to target genes. Linkage analysis, candidate-gene screening within families, and genome-wide association studies have linked rare and common genetic variants in the genes encoding TFs with genetically-determined cardiac arrhythmias. Besides its critical role in cardiac development, recent data demonstrated that they control cardiac electrical activity through the direct regulation of the expression and function of cardiac ion channels in adult hearts. This narrative review summarizes some studies showing functional data on regulation of the main human atrial and ventricular Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels by cardiac TFs such as Pitx2c, Tbx20, Tbx5, Zfhx3, among others. The results have improved our understanding of the mechanisms regulating cardiac electrical activity and may open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in cardiac acquired or inherited arrhythmias through the identification of TFs as potential drug targets. Even though TFs have for a long time been considered as 'undruggable' targets, advances in structural biology have led to the identification of unique pockets in TFs amenable to be targeted with small-molecule drugs or peptides that are emerging as novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crespo-García
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cámara-Checa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dago
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rubio-Alarcón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Rapún
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. School of Medicine. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón. CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Pharmacological Effect of Panax notoginseng Saponins on Cerebral Ischemia in Animal Models. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4281483. [PMID: 35968235 PMCID: PMC9371884 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4281483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), bioactive compounds, are commonly used to treat ischemic heart and cerebral diseases in China and other Asian countries. Most previous studies of PNS have focused on the mechanisms underlying their treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases but not cerebral ischemic diseases. This study sought to explore the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of PNS in treating cerebral ischemic diseases. Different experimental cerebral ischemia models (including middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and the blockade of four arteries in rats, collagen-adrenaline-induced systemic intravascular thrombosis in mice, thrombosis of carotid artery-jugular vein blood flow in the bypass of rats, and hypoxia tolerance in mice) were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the actions of PNS on cerebral ischemia. The results indicated that (1) PNS improved neurological function and reduced the cerebral ischemia infraction area in MCAO rats; (2) PNS improved motor coordination function in rats with complete cerebral ischemia (blockade of four arteries), decreased Ca2+ levels, and ameliorated energy metabolism in the brains of ischemia rats; (3) PNS reduced thrombosis in common carotid artery-jugular vein blood flow in the bypass of rats; (4) PNS provided significant promise in antistroke hemiplegia and hypoxia tolerance in mice. In conclusion, PNS showed antagonistic effects on ischemic stroke, and pharmacological mechanisms are likely to be associated with the reduction of cerebral pathological damage, thrombolysis, antihypoxia, and improvement in the intracellular Ca2+ overload and cerebral energy metabolism.
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Mi Y, Hu W, Li W, Wan S, Xu X, Liu M, Wang H, Mei Q, Chen Q, Yang Y, Chen B, Jiang M, Li X, Yang W, Guo D. Systematic Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Wenxin Granule via Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Triple Quadrupole–Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113647. [PMID: 35684583 PMCID: PMC9181919 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wenxin granule (WXG) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of arrhythmia disease. Potent analytical technologies are needed to elucidate its chemical composition and assess the quality differences among multibatch samples. In this work, both a multicomponent characterization and quantitative assay of WXG were conducted using two liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) approach combined with intelligent peak annotation workflows was developed to characterize the multicomponents of WXG. A hybrid scan approach enabling alternative data-independent and data-dependent acquisitions was established. We characterized 205 components, including 92 ginsenosides, 53 steroidal saponins, 14 alkaloids, and 46 others. Moreover, an optimized scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) method was elaborated, targeting 24 compounds of WXG via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTrap-MS), which was validated based on its selectivity, precision, stability, repeatability, linearity, sensitivity, recovery, and matrix effect. By applying this method to 27 batches of WXG samples, the content variations of multiple markers from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (21) and Codonopsis Radix (3) were depicted. Conclusively, we achieved the comprehensive multicomponent characterization and holistic quality assessment of WXG by targeting the non-volatile components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueguang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Wandi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Shiyu Wan
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Meiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Quanxi Mei
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen 518101, China; (S.W.); (Q.M.); (Q.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Boxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Meiting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-022-5979-1833
| | - Dean Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.M.); (W.H.); (W.L.); (X.X.); (M.L.); (H.W.); (B.C.); (M.J.); (X.L.); (D.G.)
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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11
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Huang G, Lu X, Zhou H, Li R, Huang Q, Xiong X, Luo Z, Li W. PCSK9 inhibition protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing autophagy. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104371. [PMID: 35460665 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autophagy is critical for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, there is still considerable debate over its protective and deleterious effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the involvement of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and its inhibitor in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury autophagy (MRI). METHODS Nine groups of eighty rats were used: sham, I/R2 h, I/R4 h, I/R6 h, I/R8 h, I/R1 d, and I/R2 d. A 30-min coronary artery blockage was used to produce myocardial IR. The time required for reperfusion rose linearly with the time gradient, from 2 h to 2 days. Following the determination of the best reperfusion period, three groups were formed: sham, I/R, and I/R + P (PCSK9 inhibitor (evolocumab) 10 mg/kg diluted in 2 ml sterile injection water was administered subcutaneously 1 week and half an hour before to surgery. Each group's infarction area was determined by electrocardiography (ECG), cardiac function, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) /Evan Blue (EB) staining. To detect morphological alterations in myocardial cells in each group, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used. Meanwhile, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and Masson trichrome staining were utilized to quantify myocardial fibrosis and PCSK9 and autophagy protein expression. RESULTS The results indicated that PCSK9 expression levels increased significantly in MRI, as indicated by increased levels of the autophagy regulatory protein light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1, which activated autophagy in cardiomyocytes, exacerbated myocardial injury, and increased the size of myocardial infarcts. Meanwhile, PCSK9 regulates mitophagy via the Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3) pathway, which controls myocardial infarction MRI throughout. Additionally, the PCSK9 inhibitor significantly decreased autophagy, enhanced cardiac function, and reduced the extent of reperfusion injury, consequently reducing myocardial infarct size expansion. CONCLUSION PCSK9 is upregulated in the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury hearts and regulates mitophagy via the BNIP3 pathway, which in turn contributes to reperfusion injury after myocardial infarction. PCSK9 inhibition protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Huang
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiyang Lu
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Runhong Li
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Anshun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinlin Xiong
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Wei Li
- Guizhou Medical University, 550004 Guiyang, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
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12
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Zhang C, Zhang B, Zhang X, Wang M, Sun X, Sun G. Panax notoginseng Saponin Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Lipid Metabolism Modulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023540. [PMID: 35112884 PMCID: PMC9245810 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background People with diabetes are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) has been used to treat diabetes and obesity. However, the role of PNS in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Methods and Results Diabetic db/db mice received high‐dose (200 mg/kg per day) or medium‐dose (100 mg/kg per day) PNS by gavage for 12 weeks until week 36. Lipid accumulation and cardiac function in diabetic mice were detected and possible mechanisms involved were explored. PNS significantly improved body weight, body fat content, serum lipids, adipocytokines, and antioxidative function in db/db mice. Lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, and heart were also alleviated by PNS treatment. Cardiac function and mitochondrial structure were also improved by PNS. H9c2 cells were treated with palmitate acid, and PNS pretreatment reduced lipid accumulation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, as well as improved mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Levels of proteins and expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidative function, and mitochondrial dynamics were also improved by PNS administration. Conclusions PNS attenuated heart dysfunction in diabetic mice by reducing lipotoxicity as well as modulating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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