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Challenges in Preparation of Albumin Nanoparticle-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238596. [PMID: 36500689 PMCID: PMC9740174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Albumin nanocolloids have been used as radiopharmaceuticals for more than 40 years. Their main use is in lymphoscintigraphy and the detection of the sentinel lymph node as part of the surgical treatment of a variety of solid tumours. The main licensed products are labelled with the gamma emitter technetium-99m. Recently, two analogues labelled with positron emitters have been reported, using gallium-68 and zirconium-89. For about 10 years, there has been interest in dual-modal agents with both radioactive and fluorescent labels to improve the localisation of the sentinel lymph node. Indocyanine green (ICG) has been the most widely used fluorescent label, largely due to its availability as a licensed agent and its ease of application. The further development of alternative radiolabels or improved fluorescent tags will require investment in the development and licensing. There is also a vast potential for the targeting of albumin nanocolloids using existing strategies, which could be promising for the development of both diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
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2
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Radiopharmaceutical Labelling for Lung Ventilation/Perfusion PET/CT Imaging: A Review of Production and Optimization Processes for Clinical Use. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050518. [PMID: 35631345 PMCID: PMC9143102 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is a promising imaging modality for regional lung function assessment. The same carrier molecules as a conventional V/Q scan (i.e., carbon nanoparticles for ventilation and macro aggregated albumin particles for perfusion) are used, but they are labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga) instead of technetium-99m (99mTc). For both radiopharmaceuticals, various production processes have been proposed. This article discusses the challenges associated with the transition from 99mTc- to 68Ga-labelled radiopharmaceuticals. The various production and optimization processes for both radiopharmaceuticals are reviewed and discussed for optimal clinical use.
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Dual-Labelling Strategies for Nuclear and Fluorescence Molecular Imaging: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040432. [PMID: 35455430 PMCID: PMC9028399 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging offers the possibility to investigate biological and biochemical processes non-invasively and to obtain information on both anatomy and dysfunctions. Based on the data obtained, a fundamental understanding of various disease processes can be derived and treatment strategies can be planned. In this context, methods that combine several modalities in one probe are increasingly being used. Due to the comparably high sensitivity and provided complementary information, the combination of nuclear and optical probes has taken on a special significance. In this review article, dual-labelled systems for bimodal nuclear and optical imaging based on both modular ligands and nanomaterials are discussed. Particular attention is paid to radiometal-labelled molecules for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) and metal complexes combined with fluorescent dyes for optical imaging. The clinical potential of such probes, especially for fluorescence-guided surgery, is assessed.
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Zheng F, Huang X, Ding J, Bi A, Wang S, Chen F, Zeng W. NIR-I Dye-Based Probe: A New Window for Bimodal Tumor Theranostics. Front Chem 2022; 10:859948. [PMID: 35402374 PMCID: PMC8984032 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.859948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR, 650–1700 nm) bioimaging has emerged as a powerful strategy in tumor diagnosis. In particular, NIR-I fluorescence imaging (650–950 nm) has drawn more attention, benefiting from the high quantum yield and good biocompatibility. Since their biomedical applications are slightly limited by their relatively low penetration depth, NIR-I fluorescence imaging probes have been under extensive development in recent years. This review summarizes the particular application of the NIR-I fluorescent dye-contained bimodal probes, with emphasis on related nanoprobes. These probes have enabled us to overcome the drawbacks of individual imaging modalities as well as achieve synergistic imaging. Meanwhile, the application of these NIR-I fluorescence-based bimodal probes for cancer theranostics is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xueyan Huang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Jipeng Ding
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Anyao Bi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Shifen Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Chen, ; Wenbin Zeng,
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Chen, ; Wenbin Zeng,
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Wang Y, Zhao Z, Liu C, Hao M, Kong C, Zhao X, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Cui W, Zhang C, Jiang J. B16 Membrane-Coated Vesicles for Combined Photodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy Shift Immune Microenvironment of Melanoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:855-868. [PMID: 35360006 PMCID: PMC8962769 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coating of nanomedicine with cell membranes has attracted increasing attention as it can boost biocompatibility and improve the efficiency of treatment. Herein, we prepared innovative tumor cell-membrane-coated vesicles based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug indocyanine green (ICG) and explore the effect on melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Methods ICG was coated with B16 cell membranes (I@BM NVs) by sonication and extrusion, and the morphological characteristics of I@BM NVs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and NP-tracking analysis. Homologous cellular uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM) after staining by DiD dye. Cellular cytotoxicity was evaluated by cell counting kit-8 assay and the anti-tumor effect in vitro was assessed by FCM and western blotting. The anti-tumor effect in vivo was evaluated in a B16 xenograft model in mice. The tumor micro-environment was investigated by FCM and real-time PCR. Results The vesicles are stable and uniform in nature, and show strong homologous targeting in vivo and in vitro. The vesicles can generate reactive oxygen species to induce apoptosis of B16 cells under near-infrared irradiation. Furthermore, the I@BM NVs induce a significant anti-tumor response in vivo, and perform better with respect to both tumor growth inhibition and lifespan extension. Analysis of immunocytes in the tumor microenvironment showed significant reductions in numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated M2 macrophages in mice in the I@BM NVs group. This was accompanied by significant increases in numbers of M1 macrophages and proliferative CD4+/CD8+ T cells. Expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-2 increased in the I@BM NVs group, while expression of TGF-β and IL-10 decreased. Conclusion The results show that the I@BM NVs are feasible drugs for the treatment of melanoma by inducing cell apoptosis under NIR and shifting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Wang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Hao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenfei Kong
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiyao Gao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanxing Cui
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Congxiao Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Congxiao Zhang; Jinlan Jiang, Email ;
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People’s Republic of China
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Canziani L, Marenco M, Cavenaghi G, Manfrinato G, Taglietti A, Girella A, Aprile C, Pepe G, Lodola L. Chemical and Physical Characterisation of Macroaggregated Human Serum Albumin: Strength and Specificity of Bonds with 99mTc and 68Ga. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27020404. [PMID: 35056719 PMCID: PMC8777888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Macroaggregated human serum albumin (MAA) properties are widely used in nuclear medicine, labelled with 99mTc. The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about the morphology, size, dimension and physical–chemical characteristics of MAA and their bond with 99mTc and 68Ga. Methods: Commercial kits of MAA (Pulmocis®) were used. Characterisation through experiments based on SEM, DLS and Stokes’ Law were carried out. In vitro experiments for Langmuir isotherms and pH studies on radiolabelling were performed and the stability of the radiometal complex was verified through competition reactions. Results: The study settles the MAA dimension within the range 43–51 μm. The Langmuir isotherm reveals for [99mTc]MAA: Bmax (46.32), h (2.36); for [68Ga]MAA: Bmax (44.54), h (0.893). Dual labelling reveals that MAA does not discriminate different radioisotopes. Experiments on pH placed the optimal pH for labelling with 99mTc at 6. Conclusion: Radiolabelling of MAA is possible with high efficiency. The nondiscriminatory MAA bonds make this drug suitable for radiolabelling with different radioisotopes or for dual labelling. This finding illustrates the need to continue investigating MAA chemical and physical characteristics to allow for secure labelling with different isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Canziani
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.M.); (C.A.); (G.P.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuela Marenco
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.M.); (C.A.); (G.P.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Giorgio Cavenaghi
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.M.); (C.A.); (G.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Giulia Manfrinato
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.M.); (C.A.); (G.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Angelo Taglietti
- Chemistry Department, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Girella
- Chemistry Department, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Carlo Aprile
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.M.); (C.A.); (G.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Giovanna Pepe
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.M.); (C.A.); (G.P.); (L.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Lodola
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Nuclear Medicine Unit, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.M.); (C.A.); (G.P.); (L.L.)
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Ariztia J, Solmont K, Moïse NP, Specklin S, Heck MP, Lamandé-Langle S, Kuhnast B. PET/Fluorescence Imaging: An Overview of the Chemical Strategies to Build Dual Imaging Tools. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:24-52. [PMID: 34994545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is a biomedical research discipline that has quickly emerged to afford the observation, characterization, monitoring, and quantification of biomarkers and biological processes in living organism. It covers a large array of imaging techniques, each of which provides anatomical, functional, or metabolic information. Multimodality, as the combination of two or more of these techniques, has proven to be one of the best options to boost their individual properties, hence offering unprecedented tools for human health. In this review, we will focus on the combination of positron emission tomography and fluorescence imaging from the specific perspective of the chemical synthesis of dual imaging agents. Based on a detailed analysis of the literature, this review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the chemical strategies implemented to build adequate imaging tools considering radiohalogens and radiometals as positron emitters, fluorescent dyes mostly emitting in the NIR window and all types of targeting vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Ariztia
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Kathleen Solmont
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | | | - Simon Specklin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Pierre Heck
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | | | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CNRS, CEA, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale Paris-Saclay, 91401, Orsay, France
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Chemical and Physical Characterisation of Human Serum Albumin Nanocolloids: Kinetics, Strength and Specificity of Bonds with 99mTc and 68Ga. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071776. [PMID: 34361162 PMCID: PMC8308145 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of Human Serum Albumin (NC) labelled with 99mTc are widely used in Nuclear Medicine and represent the gold-standard for the intraoperative detection of the sentinel lymph node in many kinds of cancer, mainly breast cancer and melanoma. A significant amount of radionuclides can be incorporated into the HSA particle, due to the multiple binding sites, and HSA-based nanocolloid catabolism is a fast and easy process that results in innocuous degradation products. NCs labelled with different isotopes represent an interesting radiopharmaceutical for extending diagnostic accuracy and surgical outcome, but the knowledge of the chemical bond between NCs and isotopes has not been fully elucidated, including information on its strength and specificity. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the physicochemical characteristics of the bond between NCs and 99mTc and 68Ga isotopes. Commercial kits of HSA-based nanocolloid particles (NanoAlbumon®) were used. For this purpose, we have primarily studied the kinetic orders of NC radiolabelling. Langmuir isotherms and pH effect on radiolabelling were tested and the stability of the radiometal complex was verified through competition reactions carried out in presence of different ligands. The future goal of our research is the development of inexpensive and instant kits, easily labelled with a wide spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic isotopes, thus facilitating the availability of versatile and multipurpose radiopharmaceuticals.
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Collamati F, van Oosterom MN, Hadaschik BA, Fragoso Costa P, Darr C. Beta radioguided surgery: towards routine implementation? THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2021; 65:229-243. [PMID: 34014062 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.21.03358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In locally or locally advanced solid tumors, surgery still remains a fundamental treatment method. However, conservative resection is associated with high collateral damage and functional limitations of the patient. Furthermore, the presence of residual tumor tissue following conservative surgical treatment is currently a common cause of locally recurrent cancer or of distant metastases. Reliable intraoperative detection of small cancerous tissue would allow surgeons to selectively resect malignant areas: this task can be achieved by means of image-guided surgery, such as beta radioguided surgery (RGS). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In this paper, a comprehensive review of beta RGS is given, starting from the physical principles that differentiate beta from gamma radiation, that has already its place in nuclear medicine current practice. Also, the recent clinical feasibility of using Cerenkov radiation is discussed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Despite being first proposed several decades ago, only in the last years a remarkable interest in beta RGS has been observed, probably driven by the diffusion of PET radio tracers. Today several different approaches are being pursued to assess the effectiveness of such a technique, including both beta+ and beta- emitting radiopharmaceuticals. CONCLUSIONS Beta RGS shows some peculiarities that can present it as a very promising complementary technique to standard procedures. Good results are being obtained in several tests, both ex vivo and in vivo. This might however be the time to initiate the trials to demonstrate the real clinical value of these technologies with seemingly clear potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boris A Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pedro Fragoso Costa
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Darr
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Eryilmaz K, Kilbas B. Fully-automated synthesis of 177Lu labelled FAPI derivatives on the module modular lab-Eazy. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:16. [PMID: 33864154 PMCID: PMC8052395 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, manually production of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI radiopharmaceutical derivatives has been only described in literature. In this work, a fully-automated [177Lu]Lu-FAPI synthesis has been well designed for the first time using commercially available synthesis module. In addition to the development of an automated system with disposable cassette, quality control (QC) and stability studies were comprehensively presented. RESULTS A fully automated synthesis of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI derivatives was achieved on the Modular Lab Eazy (ML Eazy) with high radiochemical yield ([177Lu]Lu-FAPI-04; 88% ± 3, [177Lu]Lu-FAPI-46; 86% ± 3). Chromatographic analysis indicated the formation of radiosynthesis with an absolute radiochemical purity (99%). Stability experiments clarified the durability of the products within 4 days. All obtained specifications are consistent to European Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSION A fully automated synthesis of [177Lu]Lu-FAPI radiopharmaceuticals was accomplished regarding quality control standards and quality assurance by using commercially available a modular approach namely ML Eazy with disposable customized cassette and template.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benan Kilbas
- Moltek A. S. Gebze Organize Sanayi, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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11
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UÇAR B, ACAR T. Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA): Production, Size Optimization, Eu(III) and Tb(III) Complexes. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.808636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Mahieu R, de Maar JS, Nieuwenhuis ER, Deckers R, Moonen C, Alic L, ten Haken B, de Keizer B, de Bree R. New Developments in Imaging for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early-Stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103055. [PMID: 33092093 PMCID: PMC7589685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a diagnostic staging procedure that aims to identify the first draining lymph node(s) from the primary tumor, the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN), as their histopathological status reflects the histopathological status of the rest of the nodal basin. The routine SLNB procedure consists of peritumoral injections with a technetium-99m [99mTc]-labelled radiotracer followed by lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT-CT imaging. Based on these imaging results, the identified SLNs are marked for surgical extirpation and are subjected to histopathological assessment. The routine SLNB procedure has proven to reliably stage the clinically negative neck in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, an infamous limitation arises in situations where SLNs are located in close vicinity of the tracer injection site. In these cases, the hotspot of the injection site can hide adjacent SLNs and hamper the discrimination between tracer injection site and SLNs (shine-through phenomenon). Therefore, technical developments are needed to bring the diagnostic accuracy of SLNB for early-stage OSCC to a higher level. This review evaluates novel SLNB imaging techniques for early-stage OSCC: MR lymphography, CT lymphography, PET lymphoscintigraphy and contrast-enhanced lymphosonography. Furthermore, their reported diagnostic accuracy is described and their relative merits, disadvantages and potential applications are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Mahieu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Josanne S. de Maar
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.S.d.M.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Eliane R. Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Magnetic Detection & Imaging, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (E.R.N.); (L.A.); (B.t.H.)
| | - Roel Deckers
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.S.d.M.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Chrit Moonen
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.S.d.M.); (R.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Lejla Alic
- Department of Magnetic Detection & Imaging, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (E.R.N.); (L.A.); (B.t.H.)
| | - Bennie ten Haken
- Department of Magnetic Detection & Imaging, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (E.R.N.); (L.A.); (B.t.H.)
| | - Bart de Keizer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-88-7550819
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