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Ma Y, Fan C, Wang Y, Li W, Jiang H, Yang W. Comprehensive analysis of mRNAs in the cerebral cortex in APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice with Alzheimer's disease based on high-throughput sequencing of N4-acetylcytidine. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:267. [PMID: 37548859 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), a significant modified nucleoside, participates in the development of many diseases. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) contain most of the information of the genome and are the molecules that transmit information from genes to proteins. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which fibrillar amyloid plaques are present. However, it remains unknown how mRNA ac4C modification affects the development of AD. In the current study, ac4C-modified mRNAs were comprehensively analyzed in AD mice by ac4C-RIP-seq and RNA-seq. Next, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to examine the relationships between the genes with differential ac4C modification levels and their RNA expression levels. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) acquired above were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis to further analyze the molecular mechanisms in AD. In total, 3312 significant ac4C peaks were found on 2512 mRNAs, 1241 of which were hyperacetylated and 1271 of which were hypoacetylated. In addition, 956 mRNAs with differential expression were found, including 520 upregulated mRNAs and 436 downregulated mRNAs. Overall, 134 mRNAs with simultaneous changes at the ac4C levels as well as RNA expression levels were identified via joint analysis. Then, through PPI network construction and functional enrichment analysis, 37 key mRNAs were screened, which were predominantly enriched in GABAergic synapses and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The significant difference in the abundance of mRNA ac4C modification indicates that this modification is associated with AD progression, which may provide insight for more investigations of the potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Ma
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China
| | - Chang Fan
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China
| | - Weizu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Wenming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Encephalopathy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui, China.
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Chen M, Guo P, Ru X, Chen Y, Zuo S, Feng H. Myelin sheath injury and repairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1145605. [PMID: 37077816 PMCID: PMC10106687 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can lead to damage to the myelin sheath in white matter. Through classification and analysis of relevant research results, the discussion in this paper provides a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal change characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment strategies of myelin sheath injury after SAH. The research progress for this condition was also systematically reviewed and compared related to myelin sheath in other fields. Serious deficiencies were identified in the research on myelin sheath injury and treatment after SAH. It is necessary to focus on the overall situation and actively explore different treatment methods based on the spatiotemporal changes in the characteristics of the myelin sheath, as well as the initiation, intersection and common action point of the pathophysiological mechanism, to finally achieve accurate treatment. We hope that this article can help researchers in this field to further clarify the challenges and opportunities in the current research on myelin sheath injury and treatment after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peiwen Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xufang Ru
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yujie Chen, ; Shilun Zuo,
| | - Shilun Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yujie Chen, ; Shilun Zuo,
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Neuromedicine and Neuroregenaration, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Grünblatt E, Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Davor V, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Riederer P, Walitza S, Tackenberg C, Salkovic-Petrisic M. From attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder to sporadic Alzheimer's disease-Wnt/mTOR pathways hypothesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1104985. [PMID: 36875654 PMCID: PMC9978448 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with the majority of patients classified as sporadic AD (sAD), in which etiopathogenesis remains unresolved. Though sAD is argued to be a polygenic disorder, apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, was found three decades ago to pose the strongest genetic risk for sAD. Currently, the only clinically approved disease-modifying drugs for AD are aducanumab (Aduhelm) and lecanemab (Leqembi). All other AD treatment options are purely symptomatic with modest benefits. Similarly, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is one of the most common neurodevelopmental mental disorders in children and adolescents, acknowledged to persist in adulthood in over 60% of the patients. Moreover, for ADHD whose etiopathogenesis is not completely understood, a large proportion of patients respond well to treatment (first-line psychostimulants, e.g., methylphenidate/MPH), however, no disease-modifying therapy exists. Interestingly, cognitive impairments, executive, and memory deficits seem to be common in ADHD, but also in early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, including sAD. Therefore, one of many hypotheses is that ADHD and sAD might have similar origins or that they intercalate with one another, as shown recently that ADHD may be considered a risk factor for sAD. Intriguingly, several overlaps have been shown between the two disorders, e.g., inflammatory activation, oxidative stress, glucose and insulin pathways, wingless-INT/mammalian target of rapamycin (Wnt/mTOR) signaling, and altered lipid metabolism. Indeed, Wnt/mTOR activities were found to be modified by MPH in several ADHD studies. Wnt/mTOR was also found to play a role in sAD and in animal models of the disorder. Moreover, MPH treatment in the MCI phase was shown to be successful for apathy including some improvement in cognition, according to a recent meta-analysis. In several AD animal models, ADHD-like behavioral phenotypes have been observed indicating a possible interconnection between ADHD and AD. In this concept paper, we will discuss the various evidence in human and animal models supporting the hypothesis in which ADHD might increase the risk for sAD, with common involvement of the Wnt/mTOR-pathway leading to lifespan alteration at the neuronal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Virag Davor
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Riederer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department and Research Unit of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Tackenberg
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology and Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Wang XC, Chu CL, Lu K, Chen X, Jin XQ, Quan SJ. The role of tonifying kidney decoction and acupuncture in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31243. [PMID: 36401402 PMCID: PMC9678600 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE As one of the chronic neurological degenerative diseases with the highest incidence of amnesia and dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) carried out the clinical treatment based on the 2 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of Chinese herbal compound and acupuncture (AP). With the vigorous development of TCM, doctors are facing the problem of choosing TCM or western medicine in clinical work. Hence there is an urge to make pairwise comparisons among these interventions to provide evidence for clinical practice. OBJECTIVE The used efficacy of the 2 TCM methods and combined with donepeziline were compared to compile the best treatment through network meta-analysis. METHODS Patients diagnosed with AD were included in the randomized clinical trial, who were treated with tonifying kidney decoction (TKD) or AP combined with donepezil hydrochloride (DH) as an intervention measure, while the control group was treated with DH. The total effective rate was the primary outcome, and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score and activities of daily living (ADCS-ADL) scores were the secondary indicators. RESULTS Eventually 30 studies reporting 2236 patients underwent TKD or AP combined with DH were enrolled. In terms of total efficiency, compared with TKD and DH, TKD + DH was significantly preferable. In addition, TKD were classified into 2 categories, namely tonifying kidney with reducing phlegm formulas (TKRP) and tonifying kidney with filling lean marrow (TKFLM). Regarding to MMSE score of TKD, of the 3 interventions, only TKRP + DH (standard mean difference [SMD] = 4.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-8.82) and TKFLM + DH (SMD = 3.93, 95% CI: 1.06-6.80) had significant efficacy over TKFLM (SMD = 4.25, 95%CI: -2.58 to 11.08). Although no difference between TKRP and other groups, its effectiveness was higher than TKFLM + DH and TKFLM (surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) = 61.5%). For the ADL score, compared with TKFLM + DH and DH, TKRP + DH had more effective (SUCRA = 70.2%). Regarding to the total effective rates, AP + DH was more statistically better than AP, and AP was statistically better than DH. CONCLUSION TKD or AP in combination with DH are significantly superior in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chen-Liang Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kuan Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Jin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City, China
| | - Shi-Jian Quan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, Guangzhou City, China
- *Correspondence: Shijian Quan, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Panyu District, Guangzhou City 510006, China (e-mail: )
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Pharmacological Mechanism of Shen Huang Chong Ji for Treating Alzheimer's Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9243348. [PMID: 35656471 PMCID: PMC9155915 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9243348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, Sheng Huang Chong Ji (SHCJ) is largely applied for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), but not much is known regarding its active compounds, molecular targets, and mechanism of action. The current study aimed to predict the potential molecular mechanism of SHCJ against AD based on network pharmacology combined with in vitro validation. Using public databases, SHCJ's active compounds, their potential targets, and AD-related genes were screened, while Cytoscape Version 3.7.2 was used to build protein-protein interaction (PPI) and compound-disease-target (C-D-T) networks. Analysis of enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) terms was then carried out in R 4.0.2, including associated packages. Subsequently, molecular docking analysis was performed with AutoDock Vina 1.1.2, with intro experiments involving SH-SY5Y cells used to further investigate the mechanism of SHCJ against AD. Finally, a total of 56 active compounds of SHCJ and 192 SHCJ-AD-related targets were identified. Quercetin was identified as the top potential candidate agent. HSP90AA1, AKT1, and MAPK1 represent potential therapeutic targets. The PI3K-Akt signaling pathway potentially represents a core one mediating the effects of SHCJ against AD. Additionally, molecular docking analysis indicated that quercetin could combine well with AKT1 and multiple apoptosis-related target genes. During cell experiments, a significant increase in cell viability along with a decrease in Aβ 25-35-induced apoptosis was observed after treatment with SHCJ. Furthermore, SHCJ significantly increased the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt while reversing Aβ 25-35-induced apoptosis-related protein expression downregulation.
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Ankul Singh S, Chitra V. The role of plant-based products in the prevention of neurological complications. Drug Metab Lett 2022; 15:DML-EPUB-122520. [PMID: 35422230 DOI: 10.2174/1872312815666220413095159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological complications are most likely to be fatal and cause loss of ability to function or care for self. These include Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment. The main aim of the review is to determine the effects of various drugs and their cognitive risk with the need to opt for herbal therapy as an adjuvant in treating neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease with lesser-known side effects. The Methodology: Involved a detailed literature survey which was performed through an online database, such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed. The study included randomized trials and original research conducted by herbal supplements on animal models to assess expression of upregulation of signalling pathways. Various studies involved in treating dementia, neurological disorders, Alzheimer disease, cognitive dysfunction were included. RESULTS Found that various studies involved plant-based products were showing improvement in prevention of disease and signalling pathways with lesser-known side effects. CONCLUSION It was observed that plant-based products play a major role in the prevention of neurological complications. Herbal medicines could most suitably prevent Alzheimer's risk with less known side effects in contrast with the existing treatment patterns. However, to improve the utility of herbal medicines, more evidences from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankul Singh S
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitra V
- SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shenzhiling oral solution promotes myelin repair through PI3K/Akt-mTOR pathway in STZ-induced SAD mice. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:361. [PMID: 34295606 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most forms of Alzheimer's disease are sporadic. A model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease induced with bilateral intraventricular injection of streptozotocin leads to insulin resistance in the brain accompanied by memory decline, synaptic dysfunction, amyloid plaque deposition, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis, all of which mimic the pathologies associated with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Myelin injury is an essential component of Alzheimer's disease, playing a key role in early cognitive impairment. Our previously research found that sporadic Alzheimer's disease model showed myelin injury and that Shenzheling oral solution improved mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease; therefore, the protective effect of Shenzheling oral solution on myelin injury in early cognitive impairment is worth attention. In this study, the Morris water maze test results showed impairments in the learning and memory functions of mice in the model group, whereas the learning and memory function significantly improved after drug intervention. Immunohistochemistry showed increased β-amyloid plaques in the model group and decreased amounts in the drug group. Moreover, results of electron microscopy, western blot, and polymerase chain reaction showed that Shenzhiling oral solution improved early cognitive impairment and repaired myelin sheath damage; the potential mechanism of these effects may relate to the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. These findings support the application and promotion of Shenzhiling oral solution to treat sporadic Alzheimer's disease. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02900-x.
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