Brandão PRDP, Pereira DA, Grippe TC, Bispo DDDC, Maluf FB, Yunes MP, Nunes Filho G, Alves CHL, Pagonabarraga J, Kulisevsky J, da Costa AML, Serafim CFDV, Ferreira ACDB, Bastos ADMM, Belchior ACF, de Almeida BLC, de Almeida e Castro BM, Matos MS, de Matos RC, Rios GDA, Carneiro LO, da Mota BCC, Castro LEDR, Rocha VLS, Tavares MCH, Cardoso F. Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS): Normative Data and Mild Cognitive Impairment Assessment in Brazil.
Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023;
10:452-465. [PMID:
36949793 PMCID:
PMC10026291 DOI:
10.1002/mdc3.13657]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
The Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) assesses posterior-cortical and frontal-subcortical cognitive functioning and distinguishes mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD-MCI); however, it was not evaluated in Brazil.
Objectives
To investigate PD-CRS's reliability, validity, normative data, and accuracy for PD-MCI screening in Brazil.
Methods
The effects of age, education, and sex on PD-CRS scores were explored. The instrument was tested in 714 individuals (53% female, 21-94 years), with a broad range of education and no neurodegenerative disorder. Trail Making, Consonant Trigrams, Five-Point, and semantic fluency tests were administered for comparison. A second study enrolled patients with PD and intact cognition (n = 44, 59.75 ± 10.79 years) and with PD-MCI (n = 25, 65.76 ± 10.33 years) to investigate criterion validity. PD-CRS subtests were compared with the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Battery memory and executive tasks.
Results
PD-CRS was unidimensional and reliable (McDonald's ω = 0.83). Using robust multiple regressions, age, and education predicted the total and derived scores in the normative sample. At the 85-point cutoff, PD-MCI was detected with 68% sensitivity and 86% specificity (area under the curve = 0.870). PD-CRS scores strongly correlated with executive and verbal/visual memory tests in both normative and clinical samples.
Conclusions
This study investigated the applicability of PD-CRS in the Brazilian context. The scale seems helpful in screening for PD-MCI, with adequate internal consistency and construct validity. The PD-CRS variance is influenced by age and educational level, a critical issue for cognitive testing in countries with educational and cultural heterogeneity.
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