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Wang Z, Knight R, Stephens P, Ongkosuwito EM, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Stem cells and extracellular vesicles to improve preclinical orofacial soft tissue healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:203. [PMID: 37580820 PMCID: PMC10426149 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial soft tissue wounds caused by surgery for congenital defects, trauma, or disease frequently occur leading to complications affecting patients' quality of life. Scarring and fibrosis prevent proper skin, mucosa and muscle regeneration during wound repair. This may hamper maxillofacial growth and speech development. To promote the regeneration of injured orofacial soft tissue and attenuate scarring and fibrosis, intraoral and extraoral stem cells have been studied for their properties of facilitating maintenance and repair processes. In addition, the administration of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may prevent fibrosis and promote the regeneration of orofacial soft tissues. Applying stem cells and EVs to treat orofacial defects forms a challenging but promising strategy to optimize treatment. This review provides an overview of the putative pitfalls, promises and the future of stem cells and EV therapy, focused on orofacial soft tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EX, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Knight
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Phil Stephens
- Advanced Therapeutics Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - E M Ongkosuwito
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EX, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EX, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EX, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Sharma AR, Jaiswal RK, Shinde Kamble S, Ghadage M, Pawar M, Bagde H, Singh Makkad R. Chronic inflammation on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bioinformation 2023; 19:138-142. [PMID: 37720288 PMCID: PMC10504518 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of inflammatory response on the biological characteristics of GMSCs has been the subject of studies, with conflicting findings. In order to more fully understand the effects of the localized inflammatory environment, the current study assessed the intensity and differentiating capacity of GMSCs derived from healthy periodontal tissues (H-GMSC) and GMSC derived from inflamed periodontal tissues (I-GMSC) tissues. Cells from every well were taken out and counted using a hemocytometer every three days for a total of 12 days. The findings of the cell proliferation assay, which involved quantifying the cells with the help of a hemocytometer at 0th day, 3rd day, 6th day, and 9th day, are shown. On day nine of culture, there was a considerable (P = 0.02) variation in the rate of multiplication between GMSCs from healthy gingival tissues and GMSCs from gingival tissues having inflammation. Additionally, I-GMSCs had a higher cell concentration on day twelve than that of H-GMSCs. However, there was no significant variance in PDT values comparing GMSCs from healthy gingival tissues and GMSCs from gingival tissues having inflammation (P > 0.05). The mean PDT findings of 66.7 h and 53.4 h have been documented for Healthy-GMSCs and Inflamed-GMSCs, respectively. In addition, compared to GMSCs from healthy gingival tissues, GMSCs from inflammatory tissues had decreased osteogenesis and increased adipogenic potential. To evaluate the efficacy of GMSCs derived from patients suffering periodontitis utilising human models for cell-based treatments, additional study is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Ragav Sharma
- Department of Periodontics, Pacific Dental College, Debari, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Dentistry, Late Shree Lakhiram Agrawal Memorial Government Medical College Raigarh Chhattisgarh Pin 496001, India
| | - Swapnali Shinde Kamble
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Child Dental Home, Borivali (W), India
| | - Mahesh Ghadage
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge.Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Pune Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Madhura Pawar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hiroj Bagde
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur
| | - Ramanpal Singh Makkad
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Volpe A, Conte Capodacqua FM, Garzarelli V, Primiceri E, Chiriacò MS, Gaudiuso C, Ferrara F, Ancona A. Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of Microporous Membranes for Biological Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1371. [PMID: 36143994 PMCID: PMC9505411 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of fabricating micrometric pore size membranes is gaining great interest in many applications, from studying cell signaling, to filtration. Currently, many technologies are reported to fabricate such microsystems, the choice of which depends strictly on the substrate material and on the final application. Here, we demonstrate the capability with a single femtosecond laser source and experimental setup to fabricate micromembranes both on polymeric and multilayer metallic substrate, without the need for moulds, mask, and complex facilities. In particular, the flexibility of laser drilling was exploited to obtain microfilters with pore size of 8 and 18 µm in diameter, on metallic and polymeric substrate, respectively, and controlled distribution. For evaluating the possibility to use such laser-fabricated membranes into biological assay, their biocompatibility has been investigated. To this aim, as a proof of concept, we tested the two materials into viability tests. The culture of mammalian cells on these microfabricated membranes were studied showing their compatibility with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Volpe
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Bari & Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 7016 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Garzarelli
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics & Physics E. de Giorgi, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Caterina Gaudiuso
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Bari & Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 7016 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrara
- CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Ancona
- Physics Department, Università degli Studi di Bari & Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 7016 Bari, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), National Research Council, Via Amendola 173, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Mosaddad SA, Rasoolzade B, Namanloo RA, Azarpira N, Dortaj H. Stem cells and common biomaterials in dentistry: a review study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:55. [PMID: 35716227 PMCID: PMC9206624 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells exist as normal cells in embryonic and adult tissues. In recent years, scientists have spared efforts to determine the role of stem cells in treating many diseases. Stem cells can self-regenerate and transform into some somatic cells. They would also have a special position in the future in various clinical fields, drug discovery, and other scientific research. Accordingly, the detection of safe and low-cost methods to obtain such cells is one of the main objectives of research. Jaw, face, and mouth tissues are the rich sources of stem cells, which more accessible than other stem cells, so stem cell and tissue engineering treatments in dentistry have received much clinical attention in recent years. This review study examines three essential elements of tissue engineering in dentistry and clinical practice, including stem cells derived from the intra- and extra-oral sources, growth factors, and scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boshra Rasoolzade
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Yang X, Liu A, Liu S, Feng J, Xuan K. Odontogenic MSC Heterogeneity: Challenges and Opportunities for Regenerative Medicine. Front Physiol 2022; 13:827470. [PMID: 35514352 PMCID: PMC9061943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.827470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity refers to the genetic and phenotypic differences among cells, which reflect their various fate choices, including viability, proliferation, self-renewal probability, and differentiation into different lineages. In recent years, research on the heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells has made some progress. Odontogenic mesenchymal stem cells share the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, namely, good accessibility, low immunogenicity and high stemness. In addition, they also exhibit the characteristics of vasculogenesis and neurogenesis, making them attractive for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the usage of mesenchymal stem cell subgroups differs in different diseases. Furthermore, because of the heterogeneity of odontogenic mesenchymal stem cells, their application in tissue regeneration and disease management is restricted. Findings related to the heterogeneity of odontogenic mesenchymal stem cells urgently need to be summarized, thus, we reviewed studies on odontogenic mesenchymal stem cells and their specific subpopulations, in order to provide indications for further research on the stem cell regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoyichun Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianying Feng
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Fonticoli L, Della Rocca Y, Rajan TS, Murmura G, Trubiani O, Oliva S, Pizzicannella J, Marconi GD, Diomede F. A Narrative Review: Gingival Stem Cells as a Limitless Reservoir for Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084135. [PMID: 35456951 PMCID: PMC9024914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gingival tissue can be collected in an easy way and represent an accessible source to isolate gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). GMSCs are a subpopulation of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells that show the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) features, such as differentiation abilities and immunomodulatory properties. Dental-derived stem cells are also expandable in vitro with genomic stability and the possibility to maintain the stemness properties over a prolonged period of passages. Moreover, several preclinical studies have documented that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from GMSCs possess similar biological functions and therapeutic effects. The EVs may represent a promising tool in the cell-free regenerative therapy approach. The present review paper summarized the GMSCs, their multi-lineage differentiation capacities, immunomodulatory features, and the potential use in the treatment of several diseases in order to stimulate tissue regeneration. GMSCs should be considered a good stem cell source for potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Fonticoli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ylenia Della Rocca
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Murmura
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Oliva
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomede
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Bekić M, Radanović M, Đokić J, Tomić S, Eraković M, Radojević D, Duka M, Marković D, Marković M, Ismaili B, Bokonjić D, Čolić M. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Healthy and Inflamed Human Gingiva Respond Differently to Porphyromonas gingivalis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073510. [PMID: 35408871 PMCID: PMC8998418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (GMSCs) have been shown to play an important role in periodontitis. However, how P. gingivalis, one of the key etiological agents of the disease, affects healthy (H)- and periodontitis (P)-GMSCs is unknown. To address this problem, we established 10 H-GMSC and 12 P-GMSC lines. No significant differences in morphology, differentiation into chondroblasts and adipocytes, expression of characteristic MSCS markers, including pericyte antigens NG2 and PDGFR, were observed between H- and P-GMSC lines. However, proliferation, cell size and osteogenic potential were higher in P-GMSCs, in contrast to their lower ability to suppress mononuclear cell proliferation. P. gingivalis up-regulated the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, GRO-α, RANTES, TLR-2, HIF-1α, OPG, MMP-3, SDF-1, HGF and IP-10 in P-GMSCs, whereas only IL-6, MCP-1 and GRO-α were up-regulated in H-GMSCs. The expression of MCP-1, RANTES, IP-10 and HGF was significantly higher in P-GMSCs compared to H-GMSCs, but IDO1 was lower. No significant changes in the expression of TLR-3, TLR-4, TGF-β, LAP, IGFBP4 and TIMP-1 were observed in both types of GMSCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that P-GMSCs retain their pro-inflammatory properties in culture, exhibit lower immunosuppressive potential than their healthy counterparts, and impaired regeneration-associated gene induction in culture. All these functions are potentiated significantly by P. gingivalis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Marina Radanović
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Đ.); (D.R.)
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Mile Eraković
- Clinic for Stomatology, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11154 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.E.); (M.D.)
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Đ.); (D.R.)
| | - Miloš Duka
- Clinic for Stomatology, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11154 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.E.); (M.D.)
| | - Dejan Marković
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11118 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milan Marković
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Bashkim Ismaili
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, International Balkan University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia;
| | - Dejan Bokonjić
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.); (M.M.)
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.R.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2619525
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Kumar BM, Rao S, Talwar A, Shetty V. Minimal influence of chronic inflammation on the potency and differentiation characteristics of gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells-An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:379-385. [PMID: 34667379 PMCID: PMC8452161 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_410_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have been identified and characterized from healthy tissues. However, reports on the influence of chronic inflammation on their stemness characteristics are sparse. The present study evaluated the potency and differentiation ability of GMSCs from periodontally healthy GMSC (H-GMSC) and inflamed GMSC (I-GMSC) tissues. Materials and Methods: Established H-GMSCs and I-GMSCs were evaluated on their potency characteristics, such as morphology, viability, proliferation rate, population doubling time, colony-forming ability, expression of stemness markers, and mesenchymal differentiation potential. Results: H-GMSCs and I-GMSCs exhibited fibroblast-like morphology and showed >95% viability with high proliferation potential and shorter doubling time. H-GMSCs showed fewer and smaller colonies, whereas I-GMSCs exhibited multiple and larger colonies. The evaluation of stemness markers revealed that both H-GMSCs and I-GMSCs were weakly positive for stage-specific embryonic antigen-4, Stro1, and CD105 (Endoglin), strongly positive for CD73 and CD90, and negative for the hematopoietic cell markers, CD34 and CD45. H-GMSCs showed a slightly higher osteogenic potential when compared to I-GMSCs, while I-GMSCs had a higher adipogenic potential than H-GMSCs. Conclusion: The findings showed that the inflammatory environment might have a stimulatory effect on the growth kinetics and ability of colony formation in GMSCs. However, varied osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was observed between H-GMSCs and I-GMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavarajappa Mohana Kumar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Rao
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avaneendra Talwar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), A. B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontics, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena Shetty
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kim D, Lee AE, Xu Q, Zhang Q, Le AD. Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine - A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667221. [PMID: 33936109 PMCID: PMC8085523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been isolated and characterized from human gingival tissues (GMSCs). Similar to MSCs derived from other sources of tissues, e.g. bone marrow, adipose or umbilical cord, GMSCs also possess multipotent differentiation capacities and potent immunomodulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune cells through the secretion of various types of bioactive factors with immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions. Uniquely, GMSCs are highly proliferative and have the propensity to differentiate into neural cell lineages due to the neural crest-origin. These properties have endowed GMSCs with potent regenerative and therapeutic potentials in various preclinical models of human disorders, particularly, some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, skin diseases, oral and maxillofacial disorders, and peripheral nerve injuries. All types of cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, that play critical roles in cell-cell communication through their cargos containing a variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Like EVs released by other sources of MSCs, GMSC-derived EVs have been shown to possess similar biological functions and therapeutic effects on several preclinical diseases models as GMSCs, thus representing a promising cell-free platform for regenerative therapy. Taken together, due to the easily accessibility and less morbidity of harvesting gingival tissues as well as the potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions, GMSCs represent a unique source of MSCs of a neural crest-origin for potential application in tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alisa E Lee
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qilin Xu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center of Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Al-Qadhi G, Al-Rai S, Hafed L. The Therapeutic Potential of Inflamed Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies: A Scoping Review of a Unique Biomedical Waste. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6619170. [PMID: 33628266 PMCID: PMC7889391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6619170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for considerable abundance, simple, and accessible sources in stem cell-based therapy opens the door for isolation of a new population of oral/dental stem cells known as inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which have recently come to light with promising therapeutic potential in tissue regenerative therapy. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, this scoping review is aimed at highlighting the possible therapeutic potential of inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in preclinical studies carried out to date and presenting the current evidence depends upon their comparison to the healthy gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells or other mesenchymal stem cell sources. A comprehensive electronic search using (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) databases and a manual search of relevant references were conducted until June 2020. Included studies were assessed using a combination tool, including the guidelines for reporting preclinical in vitro studies on dental materials, which were based on the modification of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trial checklist and the guidelines for animal research: reporting of in vivo experiments. The initial research provided 360 articles, with 13 articles that met the inclusion criteria. While most of the included studies lacked randomization, blinding, and sample size calculation, they were designed accurately in other aspects of the guidelines. The results of this scoping review indicated that inflamed gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells could be effective in terms of osteogenic differentiation, collagen fiber formation, immunoregulation, migration capacity, and testing of dental material and may present a reliable alternative source for healthy gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamilah Al-Qadhi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Yemen
| | - Sarah Al-Rai
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Saba University, Yemen
| | - Layla Hafed
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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Ascorbic Acid, Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-1 β/TNF- α/IFN- γ), or Their Combination's Effect on Stemness, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8897138. [PMID: 32879629 PMCID: PMC7448213 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8897138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Ascorbic acid (AA) and controlled inflammatory stimuli are postulated to possess the ability to independently exert positive effects on a variety of proliferative, pluripotency, and differentiation attributes of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G-MSCs). The current study's objective was to explore and compare for the first time the impact of the major inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β/TNF-α/IFN-γ), AA, or their combination on multipotency/pluripotency, proliferative, and differentiation characteristics of G-MSCs. Design Human G-MSCs (n = 5) were isolated and cultured in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with major inflammatory cytokines; 1 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 ng/ml TNF-α, and 100 ng/ml IFN-γ (inflammatory group), in basic medium with 250 μmol/l AA (AA group) and in inflammatory medium supplemented by AA (inflammatory/AA group). All media were renewed three times per week. In stimulated G-MSCs intracellular β-catenin at 1 hour, pluripotency gene expression at 1, 3, and 5 days, as well as colony-forming units (CFUs) ability and cellular proliferation over 14 days were examined. Following a five-days stimulation in the designated groups, multilineage differentiation was assessed via qualitative and quantitative histochemistry as well as mRNA expression. Results β-Catenin significantly decreased intracellularly in all experimental groups (p = 0.002, Friedman). AA group exhibited significantly higher cellular counts on days 3, 6, 7, and 13 (p < 0.05) and the highest CFUs at 14 days [median-CFUs (Q25/Q75); 40 (15/50), p = 0.043]. Significantly higher Nanog expression was noted in AA group [median gene-copies/PGK1 (Q25/Q75); 0.0006 (0.0002/0.0007), p < 0.01, Wilcoxon-signed-rank]. Significant multilineage differentiation abilities, especially into osteogenic and chondrogenic directions, were further evident in the AA group. Conclusions AA stimulation enhances G-MSCs' stemness, proliferation, and differentiation properties, effects which are associated with a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation. Apart from initially boosting cellular metabolism as well as Sox2 and Oct4A pluripotency marker expression, inflammation appeared to attenuate these AA-induced positive effects. Current results reveal that for AA to exert its beneficial effects on G-MSCs' cellular attributes, it requires to act in an inflammation-free microenvironment.
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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Therapeutic Functions of Stem Cells from Oral Cavity: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124389. [PMID: 32575639 PMCID: PMC7352407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells have been developed as therapeutics for tissue regeneration and immune regulation due to their self-renewing, differentiating, and paracrine functions. Recently, a variety of adult stem cells from the oral cavity have been discovered, and these dental stem cells mostly exhibit the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dental MSCs can be applied for the replacement of dental and oral tissues against various tissue-damaging conditions including dental caries, periodontitis, and oral cancers, as well as for systemic regulation of excessive inflammation in immune disorders, such as autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity. Therefore, in this review, we summarized and updated the types of dental stem cells and their functions to exert therapeutic efficacy against diseases.
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