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Hu YD, Yue YF, Chen T, Wang ZD, Ding JQ, Xie M, Li D, Zhu HL, Cheng ML. Alleviating effect of lycorine on CFA‑induced arthritic pain via inhibition of spinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:241. [PMID: 37153898 PMCID: PMC10160920 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is the primary symptom of osteoarthritis affecting a patient's quality of life. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the spinal cord contribute to arthritic pain and represent ideal targets for pain management. In the present study, a model of arthritis was established by intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the left knee joint in mice. After CFA inducement, knee width and pain hypersensitivity in the mice were increased, motor disability was impaired, spinal inflammatory reaction was induced, spinal astrocytes were activated, antioxidant responses were decreased, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activity was inhibited. To explore the potential therapeutic options for arthritic pain, lycorine was intraperitoneally injected for 3 days in the CFA mice. Lycorine treatment significantly reduced mechanical pain sensitivity, suppressed spontaneous pain, and recovered motor coordination in the CFA-induced mice. Additionally, in the spinal cord, lycorine treatment decreased the inflammatory score, reduced NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) activity and IL-1β expression, suppressed astrocytic activation, downregulated NF-κB levels, increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, lycorine was shown to bind to GSK-3β through three electrovalent bonds, to inhibit GSK-3β activity. In summary, lycorine treatment inhibited GSK-3β activity, suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation, increased the antioxidant response, reduced spinal inflammation, and relieved arthritic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Di Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Fen Yue
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Di Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Qing Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Dai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Hai-Li Zhu or Dr Meng-Lin Cheng, School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Lin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Hai-Li Zhu or Dr Meng-Lin Cheng, School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 88 Xianning Avenue, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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Abdelkhalek AS, Youssef HA, Saleh AS, Bollen P, Zvara P. Anesthetic protocols for urodynamic studies of the lower urinary tract in small rodents-A systematic review. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253192. [PMID: 34166394 PMCID: PMC8224928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urodynamic studies in rats and mice are broadly used to examine pathomechnisms of disease and identify and test therapeutic targets. This review aims to highlight the effects of the anesthetics on the lower urinary tract function and seeks to identify protocols that allow recovery from anesthesia and repeated measurements while preserving the function which is being studied. All studies published in English language, which compared the data obtained under various types of anesthesia and the urodynamics performed in awake animals were included. It appears that urethane, an anesthetic recommended extensively for the investigation of lower urinary tract function, is appropriate for acute urodynamic studies only. Major advantages of urethane are its stability and ability to preserve the micturition reflex. Due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity, urethane anesthesia should not be used for recovery procedures. This review evaluated available alternatives including propofol, isoflurane and combinations of urethane, ketamine/xylazine, ketamine/medetomidine, and/or fentanyl/fluanisone/midazolam. Different effects have been demonstrated among these drugs on the urinary bladder, the urethral sphincter, as well as on their neuroregulation. The lowest incidence of adverse effects was observed with the use of a combination of ketamine and xylazine. Although the variations in the reviewed study protocols represent a limitation, we believe that this summary will help in standardizing and optimizing future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkhalek Samy Abdelkhalek
- Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology & Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Haroun Ali Youssef
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology & Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sayed Saleh
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology & Radiology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Peter Bollen
- Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Zvara
- Biomedical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Urology, Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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