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Bagdasaryan AA, Chubarev VN, Smolyarchuk EA, Drozdov VN, Krasnyuk II, Liu J, Fan R, Tse E, Shikh EV, Sukocheva OA. Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: The Role of Gene Polymorphism in the Regulation of Doxorubicin Safety and Efficacy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215436. [PMID: 36358854 PMCID: PMC9659104 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effectiveness and safety of the anti-cancer agent doxorubicin (anthracycline group medicine) depend on the metabolism and retention of the drug in the human organism. Polymorphism of cytochrome p450 (CYP)-encoding genes and detoxifying enzymes such as CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 were found responsible for variations in the doxorubicin metabolism. Transmembrane transporters such as p-glycoproteins were reported to be involved in cancer tissue retention of doxorubicin. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family members, including ABCB1 transporters (also known as Multi-Drug Resistance 1 (MDR1)) proteins, were determined to pump out doxorubicin from breast cancer cells, therefore reducing the drug effectiveness. This study critically discusses the latest data about the role of CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and ABCB1 gene polymorphism in the regulation of doxorubicin’s effects in breast cancer patients. The assessment of genetic differences in the expression of doxorubicin metabolizing and transporting enzymes should be explored for the development of personalized medical treatment of breast cancer patients. Abstract Breast cancer (BC) is the prevailing malignancy and major cause of cancer-related death in females. Doxorubicin is a part of BC neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. The administration of anthracycline derivates, such as doxorubicin, may cause several side effects, including hematological disfunction, gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity is a major adverse reaction to anthracyclines, and it may vary depending on individual differences in doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. Determination of specific polymorphisms of genes that can alter doxorubicin metabolism was shown to reduce the risk of adverse reactions and improve the safety and efficacy of doxorubicin. Genes which encode cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6), p-glycoproteins (ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family members such as Multi-Drug Resistance 1 (MDR1) protein), and other detoxifying enzymes were shown to control the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin. The effectiveness of doxorubicin is defined by the polymorphism of cytochrome p450 and p-glycoprotein-encoding genes. This study critically discusses the latest data about the role of gene polymorphisms in the regulation of doxorubicin’s anti-BC effects. The correlation of genetic differences with the efficacy and safety of doxorubicin may provide insights for the development of personalized medical treatment for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina A. Bagdasaryan
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Chubarev
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Smolyarchuk
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Drozdov
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Krasnyuk
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Junqi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruitai Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Evgenia V. Shikh
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Sukocheva
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Panigoro SS, Paramita RI, Siswiandari KM, Fadilah F. Targeted Sequencing of Germline Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes for Discovering Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic Variants in the Jakarta Population. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092241. [PMID: 36140642 PMCID: PMC9498046 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline predisposition plays an important role in breast cancer. Different ethnic populations need respective studies on cancer risks pertinent to germline variants. We aimed to discover the pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (P/LP-Vs) of germline breast cancer susceptibility genes and to evaluate their correlation with the clinical characteristics in Jakarta populations. The pure DNA was extracted from the blood buffy coat, using reagents from the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit® (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The DNA libraries were prepared using the TargetRich™ Hereditary Cancer Panel (Kailos Genetics®, Huntsville, AL, USA). The barcoded DNA libraries were sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. In-house bioinformatics pipelines were used to analyze the gene variants. We identified 35 pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP-Vs) variants (28 frameshift, 5 nonsense, and 2 splice-site variants). The P/LP-Vs group was statistically significantly different in luminal B status (p < 0.05) compared with the non-P/LP-Vs group. The P/LP-Vs found both in BRCA1/2 genes and non-BRCA genes may increase the risk of breast cancer and alter drug responses. The screening of multigene variants is suggested, rather than BRCA testing only. Prior knowledge of the germline variants status is important for optimal breast cancer diagnosis and optimal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonar Soni Panigoro
- Surgical Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (R.I.P.)
| | - Rafika Indah Paramita
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities—IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (S.S.P.); (R.I.P.)
| | - Kristina Maria Siswiandari
- Surgical Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Bioinformatics Core Facilities—IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta 10430, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
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Saied MH, Elkaffash D, Fadl R, Haleem RA, Refeat A, Ibrahim I, Tahoun M, Elkayal A, Tayae E. Preliminary results of targeted sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a cohort of breast cancer families: New insight into pathogenic variants in patients and at‑risk relatives. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:678. [PMID: 34296289 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and a major health concern in Egypt. There is a known association between pathogenic variants identified in breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)1 and 2 and the risk of developing BC. However, the number of studies investigating mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Egypt remains limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in patients with BC and their relatives. For this purpose, 11 families (11 patients and 16 relatives) were included in the present study. BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants were investigated using the Ion S5 next‑generation sequencer. It was found that pathogenic variants were more frequent in patients with familial BC (FBC) than in those with sporadic BC, with 71% of variants in BRCA2, including the first reported identification of c.9089del, c.5583_5584dup, c.8243G>A and c.7976G>A pathogenic variants in Egyptian patients with BC. Pathogenic variants in relatives were confined to FBC c.1278delA, c.1960_1961del, and c.1224delT, with a higher incidence of variants of uncertain significance (VUS), such as BRCA2 intron 2 c.68‑16delT. Of note, two cold spot benign variants, c.3113A>G and c.4837A>G, were repeatedly found (67%) in patients and relatives. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, novel pathogenic variants and VUS in Egyptian patients with BC and their high‑risk relatives were identified for the first time in the present study. These findings should be integrated with other genomic data concerning Egyptian families and carefully interpreted during genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H Saied
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Dalal Elkaffash
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Reham Fadl
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Reham Abdel Haleem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Amal Refeat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Inas Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Mona Tahoun
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Elkayal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Eman Tayae
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
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