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Zhu M, Shi QQ, Ni J, Wu W, Sun X, Sun M, Xu KL, Liu YQ, Gu J, Gu H. Celastrus orbiculatus Extract Inhibits Immune Inflammatory Thrombotic State of B-Lymphoma. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-4102-0. [PMID: 38782853 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-4102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of Celastrus orbiculatus extracts (COE) on the proliferation of lymphoma cells and the immune regulation ability on inflammation and thrombophilia in vivo. METHODS The 38B9 lymphoma cells were treated with COE (160 µ g/mL) and CTX (25 µ mol/L). The apoptosis rate and cell cycle of each group were detected by flow cytometry. The secretion of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in cell supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vivo, BALB/c mice were subcutaneously injected with 38B9 lymphoma cells to establish lymphoma model. COE (3 mg·kg-1·d-1) and CTX (40 mg·kg-1·d-1) were administered to the model mice, respectively. The expression of plasma inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) and thrombus indexes, including D-dimer (D-D), von Willebrand factor (vWF) and tissue factor (TF), were detected by ELISA before tumor bearing (1 d), after tumor formation (14 d) and after intervention (21 d). PicoGreen dsDNA was used to detect the level of serum neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of platelet activation marker calcium-dependent lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2). The tumor growth and survival of mice were recorded. RESULTS The 38B9 lymphoma cells were apoptotic after the intervention of COE and CTX. The ratio of G2-M phase cells decreased in COE intervented cells compared with the control cells (P<0.05), and S phase cells decreased in CTX intervented cells (P<0.05). Also, the secretion level of IL-6 was significantly reduced after COE or CTX intervention (P<0.05), and IL-10 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Furthermore, the tumor mass was reduced, and the median survival time was longer in COE and CTX intervented tumor-bearing mice than in non-intervented mice. The significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, NETs, TF, DD and CLEC-2, as well as higher IL-10 were observed in COE and CTX treatment mice in comparision with the control mice (P<0.05). CONCLUSION COE has a mild and stable anti-tumor effect, which can reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors by lymphoma cells and regulate thrombophilic state caused by tumor inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Hematology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Qing-Qing Shi
- Yangzhou Institute of Hematology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Yangzhou Institute of Hematology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Yangzhou Institute of Hematology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Xing Sun
- Yangzhou Institute of Hematology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Hematology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Kai-Lin Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221000, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Hematology, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225001, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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Zhu M, Chu Z, Dai X, Pan F, Luo Y, Feng X, Hu Y, Wang H, Liu Y. Effect of Celastrus Orbiculatus Extract on proliferation and apoptosis of human Burkitt lymphoma cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1361371. [PMID: 38633608 PMCID: PMC11021594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1361371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The lymphoma incidence rate is on the rise, with invasive forms particularly prone to relapse following conventional treatment, posing a significant threat to human life and wellbeing. Numerous studies have shown that traditional Chinese botanical drug medicine offers promising therapeutic benefits for various malignancies, with previous experimental findings indicating that Celastrus orbiculatus extract effectively combats digestive tract tumors. However, its impact on lymphoma remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the impact and underlying mechanisms of COE on the proliferation and apoptosis of Burkitt lymphoma cells. We diluted COE in RPMI-1640 medium to create various working concentrations and introduced it to human Burkitt lymphoma Raji and Ramos cells. To evaluate cell viability, we used the CCK-8 assay, and we observed morphological changes using HE staining. We also conducted Annexin V-PI and JC-1 staining experiments to assess apoptosis. By combining the cell cycle experiment with the EDU assay, we gained insights into the effects of COE on DNA replication in lymphoma cells. Using Western blotting, we detected alterations in apoptosis-related proteins. In vivo experiments revealed that following COE intervention, tumor volume decreased, survival time was prolonged, spleen size reduced, and the expression of tumor apoptosis-related proteins changed. Our findings indicate that COE effectively inhibits lymphoma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by regulating these apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zewen Chu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Michavila Puente-Villegas S, Apaza Ticona L, Rumbero Sánchez Á, Acebes JL. Diterpenes of Pinus pinaster aiton with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117021. [PMID: 37567424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The P. pinaster species, known as 'Pino nigral or rodeno', is used in the treatment of colds, asthma, flu, and tuberculosis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study determined the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial activities of the P. pinaster resin, identifying the compounds with higher biological activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bio-guided isolation of the compounds of P. pinaster was carried out by selecting the most active extracts with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in the HBEC3-KT, MRC-5, and THP-1 cell lines. The antibacterial activity was determined against the S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa strains. RESULTS The following compounds were identified by NMR: dehydroabietic acid (1), ( + )-cis-abienol (2), pimaric acid (3), isopimaric acid (4), 7α-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid (5), 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acid (6), 15-hydroxy-abietic acid (7), 7-oxo-15-hydroxy-dehydroabietic acid (8), 13-oxo-8 (14)-podocarpen-18-oic acid (9), and pinyunin A (10). Regarding their anti-inflammatory activity, all compounds inhibited NF-κB. Compound 9 was the most active (IC50 = 3.90-12.06 μM). Concerning the analgesic activity, all the compounds inhibited NK-1, yet compound 9 was the most active (IC50 = 0.28-0.33 μM). Finally, compounds 6 (MIC = 12.80-25.55 μM) and 9 (MIC = 9.80-24.31 μM) were the most promising antibacterial compounds in all strains. CONCLUSION This study managed to identify, for the first time, six diterpenes from the resin of P. pinaster, with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial activity. Among the identified compounds, compound 9 was the most active, being considered a promising candidate as an antagonist of the tachykinin NK-1 receptor and as an analgesic agent against inflammation and neuropathic pain. It also had an antibacterial effect against Gram negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Michavila Puente-Villegas
- Plant Physiology Area, Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana, 24007, León, Spain
| | - Luis Apaza Ticona
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Organic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Plza, Ramón y Cajal S/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángel Rumbero Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Autónoma of Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Acebes
- Plant Physiology Area, Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, Campus Vegazana, 24007, León, Spain
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Zeng N, Zhang Q, Yao Q, Fu G, Su W, Wang W, Li B. A Comprehensive Review of the Classification, Sources, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Norditerpenes. Molecules 2023; 29:60. [PMID: 38202643 PMCID: PMC10780140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Norditerpenes are considered to be a common and widely studied class of bioactive compounds in plants, exhibiting a wide array of complex and diverse structural types and originating from various sources. Based on the number of carbons, norditerpenes can be categorized into C19, C18, C17, and C16 compounds. Up to now, 557 norditerpenes and their derivatives have been found in studies published between 2010 and 2023, distributed in 51 families and 132 species, with the largest number in Lamiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Cephalotaxaceae. These norditerpenes display versatile biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, as well as inhibitory effects against HIV and α-glucosidase, and can be considered as an important source of treatment for a variety of diseases that had a high commercial value. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the plant sources, chemical structures, and biological activities of norditerpenes derived from natural sources, serving as a valuable reference for further research development and application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (N.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Q.Y.); (G.F.); (W.S.)
| | - Bin Li
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (N.Z.); (Q.Z.); (Q.Y.); (G.F.); (W.S.)
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Tao L, Zhou K, Zhao Y, Xia X, Guo Y, Gao Y, Peng G, Liu Y. Betulinic acid, a major therapeutic triterpene of Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., acts as a chemosensitizer of gemcitabine by promoting Chk1 degradation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116295. [PMID: 36813244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., also called as oriental bittersweet vine or climbing spindle berry, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been used to treat a spectrum of painful and inflammatory diseases for centuries. Explored for their unique medicinal properties, C.orbiculatus offers additional therapeutic effects on cancerous diseases. The effect of single-agent gemcitabine on survival has not long been encouraging, combination therapies provide patients multiple chances of benefit for improved clinical response. AIMS OF THIS STUDY This study aims at expounding the chemopotentiating effects and underlying mechanisms of betulinic acid, a primary therapeutic triterpene of C. orbiculatus in combination with gemcitabine chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The preparation of betulinic acid was optimized using ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. Gemcitabine-resistant cell model was established by induction of the cytidine deaminase. MTT, colony formation, EdU incorporation and Annexin V/PI staining assays were used to evaluate cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and apoptosis in BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cell line and H1299 non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line. Comet assay, metaphase chromosome spread and γH2AX immunostaining were applied for DNA damage assessment. Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of Chk1. Mode of action of gemcitabine in combination with betulinic acid was further captured in BxPC-3-derived mouse xenograft model. RESULTS We noticed that the extraction method had an impact on the thermal stability of C. orbiculatus. Ultrasound-assisted extraction at room temperature in shorter processing time could maximize the overall yields and biological activities of C. orbiculatus. The major constituent was identified as betulinic acid, and the pentacyclic triterpene represented the prominent anticancer activity of C. orbiculatus. Forced expression of cytidine deaminase conferred acquired resistance to gemcitabine, while betulinic acid displayed equivalent cytotoxicity toward gemcitabine-resistant and sensitive cells. A combination therapy of gemcitabine with betulinic acid produced synergistic pharmacologic interaction on cell viability, apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks. Moreover, betulinic acid abrogated gemcitabine-triggered Chk1 activation by destabilizing Chk1 loading via proteasomal degradation. The combination of gemcitabine and betulinic acid significantly retarded BxPC-3 tumor growth in vivo compared to single-agent gemcitabine treatment alone, accompanied with reduced Chk1 expression. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that betulinic acid is a potential candidate for chemosensitization as a naturally occurring Chk1 inhibitor and warrants further preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Kehui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Department of Medicine, Linfen Vocational and Technical College, Linfen, Shanxi, 041000, China
| | - Xiangyu Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Yang Gao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Yanqing Liu
- The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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Zheng YY, Guo ZF, Chen H, Bao TRG, Gao XX, Wang AH, Jia JM. Diterpenoids from Sigesbeckia glabrescens with anti-inflammatory and AChE inhibitory activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113503. [PMID: 36356673 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen previously undescribed diterpenoids, including seven ent-pimarane-type diterpenoids and seven phytane-type diterpenes, together with five known ones, were isolated from the aerial parts of Sigesbeckia glabrescens. The structures and absolute configurations of undescribed compounds were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic techniques, ECD calculations, Mo2(OAC)4-induced ECD, Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced ECD, calculated 13C NMR, and chemical methods. In the anti-inflammatory bioassay, siegetalis H showed potent inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 murine macrophages with an IC50 value at 17.29 μM. Furthermore, siegetalis H suppressed the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, siegetalis H suppressed the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, as well as the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, the AChE inhibition assay displayed that 3-O-acetyldarutigenol had a remarkable inhibitory effect against AChE with an IC50 value at 7.02 μM. Kinetic study on 3-O-acetyldarutigenol indicated that it acted as a mixed-type inhibitor, and the binding mode was explored by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zi-Feng Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Te-Ren-Gen Bao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - An-Hua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jing-Ming Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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(E)-9-Octadecenoic Acid Ethyl Ester Derived from Lotus Seedpod Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses by Regulating MAPKs and NF- κB Signalling Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6731360. [PMID: 35035506 PMCID: PMC8754602 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6731360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is generally considered a key risk factor in the progress of several chronic diseases, such as arthritis, gastritis, and hepatitis. Natural products with anti-inflammatory ability have played a great role in the process of overcoming these inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of ten natural compounds derived from lotus seedpod and discovered (E)-9-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester (E9OAEE) inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) optimally in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, we explored the effects of E9OAEE on inflammatory responses and the underlying mechanisms in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that E9OAEE significantly suppressed the production of NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in a dose-dependent manner. The protein expression and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were inhibited by pretreatment of E9OAEE. Furthermore, E9OAEE restrained the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) family members, ERK, P38, and JNK stimulated by LPS-treated for 30 min and prevented the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) prompted by LPS-treated for 6 h in RAW264.7 macrophages. Taken together, we discovered an anti-inflammatory component from lotus seedpod and identified E9OAEE attenuated the inflammatory response in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages probably by regulating the activation of MAPKs and NF-κB signalling pathways, which would provide some base for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Śliwiński T, Zajdel R. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extracts and Pure Compounds Derived from Plants via Modulation of Signaling Pathways, Especially PI3K/AKT in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249605. [PMID: 33339446 PMCID: PMC7766727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant kingdom is a source of important therapeutic agents. Therefore, in this review, we focus on natural compounds that exhibit efficient anti-inflammatory activity via modulation signaling transduction pathways in macrophage cells. Both extracts and pure chemicals from different species and parts of plants such as leaves, roots, flowers, barks, rhizomes, and seeds rich in secondary metabolites from various groups such as terpenes or polyphenols were included. Selected extracts and phytochemicals control macrophages biology via modulation signaling molecules including NF-κB, MAPKs, AP-1, STAT1, STAT6, IRF-4, IRF-5, PPARγ, KLF4 and especially PI3K/AKT. Macrophages are important immune effector cells that take part in antigen presentation, phagocytosis, and immunomodulation. The M1 and M2 phenotypes are related to the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory agents, respectively. The successful resolution of inflammation mediated by M2, or failed resolution mediated by M1, may lead to tissue repair or chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is strictly related to several disorders. Thus, compounds of plant origin targeting inflammatory response may constitute promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.-S.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.-S.); (T.Ś.)
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
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