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Han X, Saiding Q, Cai X, Xiao Y, Wang P, Cai Z, Gong X, Gong W, Zhang X, Cui W. Intelligent Vascularized 3D/4D/5D/6D-Printed Tissue Scaffolds. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:239. [PMID: 37907770 PMCID: PMC10618155 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels are essential for nutrient and oxygen delivery and waste removal. Scaffold-repairing materials with functional vascular networks are widely used in bone tissue engineering. Additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology that creates three-dimensional solids by stacking substances layer by layer, mainly including but not limited to 3D printing, but also 4D printing, 5D printing and 6D printing. It can be effectively combined with vascularization to meet the needs of vascularized tissue scaffolds by precisely tuning the mechanical structure and biological properties of smart vascular scaffolds. Herein, the development of neovascularization to vascularization to bone tissue engineering is systematically discussed in terms of the importance of vascularization to the tissue. Additionally, the research progress and future prospects of vascularized 3D printed scaffold materials are highlighted and presented in four categories: functional vascularized 3D printed scaffolds, cell-based vascularized 3D printed scaffolds, vascularized 3D printed scaffolds loaded with specific carriers and bionic vascularized 3D printed scaffolds. Finally, a brief review of vascularized additive manufacturing-tissue scaffolds in related tissues such as the vascular tissue engineering, cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, soft tissue and a discussion of the challenges and development efforts leading to significant advances in intelligent vascularized tissue regeneration is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Xiao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Gong
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9096, USA
| | - Weiming Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 105 Jiefang Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou Q, Su X, Wu J, Zhang X, Su R, Ma L, Sun Q, He R. Additive Manufacturing of Bioceramic Implants for Restoration Bone Engineering: Technologies, Advances, and Future Perspectives. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1164-1189. [PMID: 36786214 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Treating bone defects is highly challenging because they do not heal on their own inside the patients, so implants are needed to assist in the reconstruction of the bone. Bioceramic implants based on additive manufacturing (AM) are currently emerging as promising treatment options for restoration bone engineering. On the one hand, additively manufactured bioceramic implants have excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, which are suitable for bone regeneration. On the other hand, the designable structure and adjustable pores of additively manufactured bioceramic implants allow them to promote suitable cell growth and tissue climbing. Herein, this review unfolds to introduce several frequently employed AM technologies for bioceramic implants. After that, advances in commonly used additively manufactured bioceramic implants, including bioinert ceramic implants, bioactive ceramic implants, and bioceramic/organic composite implants, are categorized and summarized. Finally, the future perspectives of additively manufactured bioceramic implants, in terms of mechanical performance improvement, innovative structural design, biological property enhancement, and other functionalization approaches, are proposed and forecasted. This review is believed to provide some fundamental understanding and cutting-edge knowledge for the additive manufacturing of bioceramic implants for restoration bone engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaonan Su
- Beijing Scrianen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Beijing 102699, China
| | - Jianqin Wu
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruyue Su
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Center of Dental Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Center of Dental Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rujie He
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Lin H, Wang X, Li Z, Huang M, Feng J, Chen H, Gao J, Feng Y, Wu J, Tang S, Zhou R, Ren Y, Huang F, Jiang Z. Total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone defects. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3584-3600. [PMID: 35960140 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects are difficult to heal, which conveys a heavy burden to patients' lives and their economy. The total flavonoids of Rhizoma drynariae (TFRD) can promote the osteogenesis of distraction osteogenesis. However, the dose effect is not clear, the treatment period is short, and the quality of bone formation is poor. In our study, we observed the long-term effects and dose effects of TFRD on bone defects, verified the main ingredients of TFRD in combination with network pharmacology for the first time, explored its potential mechanism, and verified these findings. We found that TFRD management for 12 weeks regulated osteogenesis and angiogenesis in rats with 4-mm tibial bone defects through the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway, especially at high doses (135 mg kg-1 d-1 ). The vascularization effect of TFRD in promoting human umbilical vein endothelial cells was inhibited by PI3K inhibitors. These results provide a reference for the clinical application of TFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiong Lin
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Hospital and Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yinchuan, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zige Li
- The 2nd Department of Arthrosis, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beiijing, China
| | - Minling Huang
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Junjie Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huamei Chen
- Knee Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Nanhai District, Foshan, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Shantou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shantou, China
| | - Yuanlan Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyao Tang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueyi Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Korytkin AA, Orlinskaya NY, Novikova YS, Gerasimov SA, Davydenko DV, Kulakova KV, Tverdokhlebov SI, Bolbasov EN. Biocompatibility and Osseointegration of Calcium Phosphate-Coated and Non-Coated Titanium Implants with Various Porosities. Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 13:52-57. [PMID: 34513077 PMCID: PMC8353716 DOI: 10.17691/stm2021.13.2.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the investigation was to study the influence of pore size and the presence of a biologically active calcium phosphate coating in porous 3D printed titanium implants on the process of integration with the bone tissue. Materials and Methods Samples of cylindrical implants with three different pore diameters (100, 200, and 400 μm) were fabricated from titanium powder on the Arcam 3D printer (Sweden) using electron beam melting technology. A calcium phosphate coating with a thickness of 20±4 μm was applied to some of the products by microarc oxidation. Cytotoxicity of the implants was determined in vitro on human dermal fibroblast cultures. The samples were implanted in the femoral bones of 36 rabbits in vivo. The animals were divided into 6 groups according to the bone implant samples. The prepared samples and peri-implant tissues were studied on days 90 and 180 after implantation using scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. Results All samples under study were found to be non-toxic and well biocompatible with the bone tissue. There were revealed no differences between coated and non-coated implants of 100 and 200 μm pore diameters in terms of their histological structure, intensity of vascularization in the early stages, and bone formation in the later stages. Samples with pore diameters of 100 and 200 μm were easily removed from the bone tissue, the depth of bone growth into the pores of the implant was lower than in the samples with pore diameter of 400 μm (p<0.001). There were differences between coated and non-coated samples of 400 μm pore diameter, which was expressed in a more intensive osseointegration of samples with calcium phosphate coating (p<0.05). Conclusion The optimal surface characteristics of the material for repairing bone defects are a pore diameter of 400 μm and the presence of a calcium phosphate coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Korytkin
- Director, Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 17 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - N Yu Orlinskaya
- Professor, Head of Department of Pathological Anatomy with Tissue Conservation, University Clinic, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Chief Researcher, University Clinic, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - Ya S Novikova
- Junior Researcher, Scientific Research Department, Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 17 Frunze St., Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - S A Gerasimov
- Head of Adult Orthopedics Department, University Clinic, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D V Davydenko
- Researcher, Department of Pathological Anatomy with Tissue Conservation, University Clinic, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - K V Kulakova
- Researcher, Department of Pathological Anatomy with Tissue Conservation, University Clinic, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - S I Tverdokhlebov
- Acting Head of the Laboratory for Plasma Hybrid Systems, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Prospect Lenina, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - E N Bolbasov
- Researcher, Laboratory for Plasma Hybrid Systems, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Prospect Lenina, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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Wang J, Wang X, Zhen P, Fan B. [Research progress of in vivo bioreactor for bone tissue engineering]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:627-635. [PMID: 33998218 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202012083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress of in vivo bioreactor (IVB) for bone tissue engineering in order to provide reference for its future research direction. Methods The literature related to IVB used in bone tissue engineering in recent years was reviewed, and the principles of IVB construction, tissue types, sites, and methods of IVB construction, as well as the advantages of IVB used in bone tissue engineering were summarized. Results IVB takes advantage of the body's ability to regenerate itself, using the body as a bioreactor to regenerate new tissues or organs at injured sites or at ectopic sites that can support the regeneration of new tissues. IVB can be constructed by tissue flap (subcutaneous pocket, muscle flap/pocket, fascia flap, periosteum flap, omentum flap/abdominal cavity) and axial vascular pedicle (axial vascular bundle, arteriovenous loop) alone or jointly. IVB is used to prefabricate vascularized tissue engineered bone that matched the shape and size of the defect. The prefabricated vascularized tissue engineered bone can be used as bone graft, pedicled bone flap, or free bone flap to repair bone defect. IVB solves the problem of insufficient vascularization in traditional bone tissue engineering to a certain extent. Conclusion IVB is a promising method for vascularized tissue engineered bone prefabrication and subsequent bone defect reconstruction, with unique advantages in the repair of large complex bone defects. However, the complexity of IVB construction and surgical complications hinder the clinical application of IVB. Researchers should aim to develop a simple, safe, and efficient IVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China.,Orthopaedic Center, the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Design and Art, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
| | - Ping Zhen
- Orthopaedic Center, the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
| | - Bo Fan
- Orthopaedic Center, the 940th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Lanzhou Gansu, 730000, P.R.China
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García-González M, Muñoz F, González-Cantalapiedra A, López-Peña M, Saulacic N. Systematic Review and Quality Evaluation Using ARRIVE 2.0 Guidelines on Animal Models Used for Periosteal Distraction Osteogenesis. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1233. [PMID: 33923253 PMCID: PMC8144990 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize all the preclinical studies carried out in periosteal distraction osteogenesis (PDO) in order to evaluate the quality using the ARRIVE guidelines. The animal models used, and the influence of the complications, were analysed in order to establish the most appropriate models for this technique. The PRISMA statements have been followed. Bibliographic sources have been consulted manually by two reviewers. Risk of bias was evaluated using the SYRCLE tool for animal studies, and the quality of the studies with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The selection criteria established by expert researchers were applied to decide which studies should be included in the review, that resulted in twenty-four studies. Only one achieved the maximum score according to the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The rabbit as an animal model has presented good results in PDO, both for calvaria and jaw. Rats have shown good results for PDO in calvaria. The minipig should not be recommended as an animal model in PDO. Despite the increase in the quality of the studies since the implementation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, it would be necessary to improve the quality of the studies to facilitate the transparency, comparison, and reproducibility of future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario García-González
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (F.M.); (A.G.-C.); (M.L.-P.)
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (F.M.); (A.G.-C.); (M.L.-P.)
| | - Antonio González-Cantalapiedra
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (F.M.); (A.G.-C.); (M.L.-P.)
| | - Mónica López-Peña
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (F.M.); (A.G.-C.); (M.L.-P.)
| | - Nikola Saulacic
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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Ali M, Payne SL. Biomaterial-based cell delivery strategies to promote liver regeneration. Biomater Res 2021; 25:5. [PMID: 33632335 PMCID: PMC7905561 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is a widespread and untreatable condition that leads to lifelong impairment and eventual death. The scarcity of liver transplantation options requires the development of new strategies to attenuate disease progression and reestablish liver function by promoting regeneration. Biomaterials are becoming an increasingly promising option to both culture and deliver cells to support in vivo viability and long-term function. There is a wide variety of both natural and synthetic biomaterials that are becoming established as delivery vehicles with their own unique advantages and disadvantages for liver regeneration. We review the latest developments in cell transplantation strategies to promote liver regeneration, with a focus on the use of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for cell culture and delivery. We conclude that future work will need to refine the use of these biomaterials and combine them with novel strategies that recapitulate liver organization and function in order to translate this strategy to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ali
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Samantha L Payne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Saydé T, El Hamoui O, Alies B, Gaudin K, Lespes G, Battu S. Biomaterials for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: From Applications in Oncology to Nanotechnology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:481. [PMID: 33668665 PMCID: PMC7917665 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture has revolutionized cellular biology research and opened the door to novel discoveries in terms of cellular behavior and response to microenvironment stimuli. Different types of 3D culture exist today, including hydrogel scaffold-based models, which possess a complex structure mimicking the extracellular matrix. These hydrogels can be made of polymers (natural or synthetic) or low-molecular weight gelators that, via the supramolecular assembly of molecules, allow the production of a reproducible hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties. When cancer cells are grown in this type of hydrogel, they develop into multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). Three-dimensional (3D) cancer culture combined with a complex microenvironment that consists of a platform to study tumor development and also to assess the toxicity of physico-chemical entities such as ions, molecules or particles. With the emergence of nanoparticles of different origins and natures, implementing a reproducible in vitro model that consists of a bio-indicator for nano-toxicity assays is inevitable. However, the maneuver process of such a bio-indicator requires the implementation of a repeatable system that undergoes an exhaustive follow-up. Hence, the biggest challenge in this matter is the reproducibility of the MCTS and the associated full-scale characterization of this system's components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Saydé
- EA3842-CAPTuR, GEIST, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France;
- ARNA, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.E.H.); (B.A.); (K.G.)
| | - Omar El Hamoui
- ARNA, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.E.H.); (B.A.); (K.G.)
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (E2S/UPPA), 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Bruno Alies
- ARNA, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.E.H.); (B.A.); (K.G.)
| | - Karen Gaudin
- ARNA, INSERM U1212, UMR CNRS 5320, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (O.E.H.); (B.A.); (K.G.)
| | - Gaëtane Lespes
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (E2S/UPPA), 2 Avenue Pierre Angot, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Serge Battu
- EA3842-CAPTuR, GEIST, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Limoges, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France;
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