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Alshehri FF. Understanding the prevalence, progression, and management of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:973-986. [PMID: 37777274 PMCID: PMC10541973 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the coexistence of several disorders comprising hypertension, abdominal obesity, insulin sensitivity, and dyslipidemia. In recent times, MetS has gained increased attention due to the global prevalence of obesity. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in this syndrome by releasing various molecules significantly affecting lipid/insulin regulation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular function. Tumor necrosis factor-α (p-α), an inflammatory cytokine, and adiponectin, an adipose tissue-specific protein, are considered vital adipokines that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MetS. The impact of dietary ingredients on MetS management has been extensively studied over the past few decades. These plant-derived natural chemicals have demonstrated beneficial impacts on obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their diverse properties. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of overweight and diabetes, but there has been limited research on the incidence of MetS in the country. As a result, in this review, we evaluated the prevalence of MetS in Saudi Arabia and its associated risk factors, as well as explored the mechanisms of progression of MetS and the role of natural phytochemicals in the prevention of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Falah Alshehri
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alsaied T, Christopher AB, Da Silva J, Gupta A, Morell VO, Lanford L, Weinberg JG, Feingold B, Seery T, Hoskoppal A, Goldstein BH, Johnson JA, Olivieri LJ, De Fonseca Da Silva L. Multimodality Imaging in Ebstein Anomaly. Pediatr Cardiol 2023; 44:15-23. [PMID: 36151322 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ebstein anomaly is the most common form of tricuspid valve congenital anomalies. The tricuspid valve is abnormal with different degrees of displacement of the septal leaflet and abnormal rotation of the valve towards the right ventricular outflow tract. In severe forms, it results in significant tricuspid regurgitation and requires surgical repair. There is an increased interest in understanding the anatomy of the tricuspid valve in this lesion as the surgical repair has evolved with the invention and wide adoption of the cone operation. Multimodality imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, follow-up, surgical planning and post-operative care. This review provides anatomical tips for the cardiac imagers caring for patients with Ebstein anomaly and will help provide image-based personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Alsaied
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Adam B Christopher
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jose Da Silva
- DaSilva Center of Ebstein Anomaly, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victor O Morell
- DaSilva Center of Ebstein Anomaly, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lizabeth Lanford
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline G Weinberg
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian Feingold
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Seery
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arvind Hoskoppal
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan H Goldstein
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Johnson
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura J Olivieri
- Heart Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luciana De Fonseca Da Silva
- DaSilva Center of Ebstein Anomaly, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Al-Shehri HA, Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, Horaib GB, Al-Buraidi A, Al-Sharif AA, Kadasah SG, Al-Omani S, Mohammed FS, Abbasmanthiri R, Osman NM. Recent Trends of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Military Recruits from Saudi Arabia. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:medicines8110065. [PMID: 34822362 PMCID: PMC8620872 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) constitutes the risk factors and abnormalities that markedly increase the probability of developing diabetes and coronary heart disease. An early detection of Met-S, its components and risk factors can be of great help in preventing or controlling its adverse consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors in young army recruits from Saudi Arabia. A total of 2010 Saudis aged 18-30 years were randomly selected from groups who had applied to military colleges. In addition to designed questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected to measure Met-S components according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Met-S prevalence was 24.3% and it was higher in older subjects than the younger ones. There were significant associations between Met-S and age, education level and marital status. The most common Met-S components were high fasting blood sugar (63.6%) followed by high blood pressure (systolic and diastolic, 63.3% and 37.3% respectively) and high body mass index (57.5%). The prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes were found to be 55.2% and 8.4%, respectively. Hypertriglyceridemia was found in 19.3% and low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in 11.7% of subjects. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of Met-S in young adults of Saudi Arabia. There is a need for regular monitoring of Met-S in young populations to keep them healthy and fit for nation building. It is also important to design and launch community-based programs for educating people about the importance of physical activity, cessation of smoking and eating healthy diet in prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoud Abdullah Al-Shehri
- Adult Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Khazim Al-Asmari
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Haseeb Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ghaleb Bin Horaib
- Dermatology Department, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Al-Buraidi
- Department of ENT, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah Ali Al-Sharif
- Department of Dentistry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11175, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saeed Ghander Kadasah
- Department of Psychiatry, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saud Al-Omani
- Department of Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez S. Mohammed
- Prince Sultan Military College of Health Science, Dhahran 34315, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rajamohamed Abbasmanthiri
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Nasreddien Mohammed Osman
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Service Department (MSD), Ministry of Defence, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (N.M.O.)
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