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Tortoli E, Pellicciari L, Giovannico G, Tak I. Return to running criteria after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an online survey of 1404 Italian physiotherapists. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:931-941. [PMID: 38863416 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to study the clinical decision-making practice of Italian physiotherapists in return to running (RTR) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and the differences in decision-making in relation to physiotherapist's characteristics. METHODS An online survey was developed, 1404 physiotherapists were contacted by email, via chartered association, or via social media. RESULTS Most respondents (83%) indicated that the RTR decision should be made by a multidisciplinary team with RTR clearance around 3-4 months after surgery (47%). The most important criteria guiding the RTR decision were knee flexion range of motion (ROM) >130° (50%), complete extension ROM (95%), no pain (45%) and no effusion (68%). A Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) >70% for quadriceps (49%), hamstring (48%) and LSI >90% for posterolateral hip (45%) and triceps surae strength (42%) should be achieved for RTR. Approximately half of the participants (49%) do not consider ACL laxity tests to be used for RTR decisions. Response differences were found between sample subgroups. More experienced physiotherapists and those with post graduate training had lower thresholds to clear RTR. CONCLUSIONS Experienced physiotherapists who treated a higher number of patients after ACL reconstruction, who had certified specialist training and a specific interest towards ACL rehabilitation, generally reported clinical practice modalities more in line with current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Tortoli
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy -
| | | | - Giuseppe Giovannico
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Igor Tak
- Sports Rehabilitation and Manual Therapy, Fysiotherapie Utrecht Oost, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Ciszkiewicz A, Mazurkiewicz Ł, Małachowski J. Assessing the behavior of a hybrid model of the knee with contact surrogate under parameter uncertainties. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38907716 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2364813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Modeling the knee is an important factor in increasing the quality of life of both healthy individuals and patients. Nevertheless, the intricate nature of the knee makes this problem complicated. In this study, an extension to an established planar knee joint model with Hertzian contact pairs is proposed with contact mechanics based on polynomial chaos expansion surrogate. Firstly, the finite element (FE) model is made representing a contact pair of sphere-to-plane type with two layers on both bodies, corresponding to the cartilage and the bone. Five variables corresponding to both geometry and material parameters are used to parametrize this model. Then, 128 distinct variants of the FE model are created based on a quasi-Monte Carlo sequence. This dataset is used to train and validate the surrogate. The trained surrogate is proven to have predictive capabilities with an average nRMSE of 0.2% in randomized test/train splits. When included in a model of the knee and tested under parameter uncertainties in Monte Carlo simulations, it results in nRMSE of 58% for angular coordinate compared to the original model with Hertzian pair. This signifies the high influence of contact formulation on the model output and the need for more physically based models in knee contact modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ciszkiewicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Mazurkiewicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Małachowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Iacobescu GL, Iacobescu L, Popa MIG, Covache-Busuioc RA, Corlatescu AD, Cirstoiu C. Genomic Determinants of Knee Joint Biomechanics: An Exploration into the Molecular Basis of Locomotor Function, a Narrative Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1237-1258. [PMID: 38392197 PMCID: PMC10888373 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the nexus between genetics and biomechanics has garnered significant attention, elucidating the role of genomic determinants in shaping the biomechanical attributes of human joints, specifically the knee. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive exploration of the molecular basis underlying knee joint locomotor function. Leveraging advancements in genomic sequencing, we identified specific genetic markers and polymorphisms tied to key biomechanical features of the knee, such as ligament elasticity, meniscal resilience, and cartilage health. Particular attention was devoted to collagen genes like COL1A1 and COL5A1 and their influence on ligamentous strength and injury susceptibility. We further investigated the genetic underpinnings of knee osteoarthritis onset and progression, as well as the potential for personalized rehabilitation strategies tailored to an individual's genetic profile. We reviewed the impact of genetic factors on knee biomechanics and highlighted the importance of personalized orthopedic interventions. The results hold significant implications for injury prevention, treatment optimization, and the future of regenerative medicine, targeting not only knee joint health but joint health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgian-Longin Iacobescu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Iacobescu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihnea Ioan Gabriel Popa
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antonio-Daniel Corlatescu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Cirstoiu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Sim CHS, Chen JDY, Pang HN, Yeo SJ, Lo NN, Liow MHL. Novel morphogenic knee implant delivers comparable mid-term outcomes as compared to conventional non-morphogenic implants. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:7159-7167. [PMID: 37566132 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-04990-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conventional total knee arthroplasty (C-TKA) implants have well-established mid- and long-term outcomes. The novel TKA (N-TKA) implants provide morphogenic implant components with smaller size increments to facilitate anatomical replication. The aim of the study is to evaluate if these advantages provides better clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Registry data prospectively collected within a single institution from 2014 to 2018 was reviewed and propensity score matching was performed to match C-TKA to N-TKA. 70 pairs of cruciate retaining (CR) TKA and 116 pairs of posterior stabilized (PS) TKA were identified. Range of motion, SF-36, Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS), Knee Society Function Score (KSFS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) were assessed preoperatively, 6 and 24 months postoperatively. Satisfaction was assessed 6 and 24 months postoperatively. Independent T test was performed for parametric data, whereas Wilcoxon rank-sum analysis was performed for non-parametric data. RESULTS Both C-TKA and N-TKA cohorts demonstrated statistically significant improvement for KSKS, KSFS, OKS and SF-36 at 6 and 24 months postoperatively. C-TKA CR patients had better flexion at 6 months as compared to N-TKA CR (108.7° versus 98.3°, respectively, p = 0.046). At 24 months, there was no difference between C-TKA and N-TKA for range of motion, KSKS, KSFS, OKS and SF-36 PCS, regardless of insert type (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both models showed great postoperative improvements in KSFS, KSKS, OKS and SF-36 and have comparable early and mid-term outcomes, suggesting that N-TKAs are suitable substitutes for C-TKA. Longer follow-up studies are required to evaluate the long-term outcomes of N-TKAs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE lll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craigven Hao Sheng Sim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jerry Delphi Yongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Hee Nee Pang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Seng Jin Yeo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ngai Nung Lo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ming Han Lincoln Liow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Academia, Level 4, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
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Gawande V, Badge A. Clinical Effectiveness of Arthroscopy-Assisted Fixation in the Treatment of Avulsed Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries. Cureus 2023; 15:e50152. [PMID: 38186527 PMCID: PMC10771625 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Avulsed posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries are complex orthopedic challenges that require careful consideration and optimal management. Arthroscopy offers advantages, including smaller incisions, reduced soft tissue disruption, reduced postoperative pain, and improved visualization of intraarticular anatomy. Arthroscopy-assisted fixation results in superior clinical outcomes. Patient-specific factors, graft choice, and timing of surgery significantly impact outcomes. Rehabilitation is vital and requires a tailored approach to restore knee function. Biomechanically, arthroscopy-assisted fixation enhances joint stability and range of motion, reducing the risk of secondary injuries. Advancements in technology and surgical techniques further improve outcomes. Concomitant injuries and incorporation are essential considerations. Arthroscopy-assisted fixation is a recommended approach, but personalized care is crucial for successful recovery. Its precision in reattaching the PCL enhances joint stability and clinical results, aligning with outcomes seen in conventional procedures. Using biocompatible materials in fixation devices has significantly reduced the risk of allergic reactions or complications. This has allowed a faster and smoother recovery process for patients undergoing arthroscopy-assisted fixation. The incorporation of physical therapy and rehabilitation programs after surgery plays a vital role in restoring joint function and preventing muscle atrophy. The combination of advanced technology, surgical techniques, and personalized care has greatly improved the success rate of arthroscopy-assisted fixation procedures. Advancements in technology further improve patient outcomes, but each case should be individually assessed to determine the most appropriate treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasant Gawande
- Orthopedics, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND
| | - Ankit Badge
- Medicine, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND
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6
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Zhao H, Cao J, Liao WH. Simultaneous Estimation of the Vertical Stiffness in the Knee and Hip for Healthy Human Subjects during Walking. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020187. [PMID: 36829680 PMCID: PMC9952526 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The stiffness of lower limb joints is a critical characteristic of walking. To investigate the potential of establishing a simple and universal model to describe the characteristics related to vertical vibration during human walking, vertical stiffness is introduced at the knee and hip. A multi-mass-spring model of the human body is established in the vertical direction. In the Fourier form, results of experiments on 14 healthy adults show that the vertical displacements of joints are a function of the leg length and walking cadence, while the ground reaction force is a function of the body weight and walking cadence. The obtained universal equations of vertical displacement and ground reaction force are employed as the input parameters to the proposed multi-mass-spring model. Thus, the vertical stiffness in the knee and hip can then be estimated simultaneously by the subject's weight, leg length, and walking cadence. The variation of vertical stiffness shows different time-varying trends in different gait phases across the entire gait cycle. Finally, the proposed model for vertical stiffness estimation is validated by the vertical oscillation of the pelvis. The average error across three gait cycles for all subjects is 20.48%, with a standard deviation of 5.44%. These results display that the vertical stiffness of knee and hip across the entire gait cycle can be directly estimated by individual parameters that are easy to measure. It provides a different view of human walking analysis and may be applied in future pathological gait recognition, bipedal robots, and lower limb exoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Junyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei-Hsin Liao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
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7
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Zhang L, Yan Y, Liu G, Han B, Fei J, Zhang Y. Effect of fatigue on kinematics, kinetics and muscle activities of lower limbs during gait. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:1365-1374. [DOI: 10.1177/09544119221112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue, as a serious social problem, affects the performance of daily living activities, especially for workers. Decrease of movement control ability caused by muscle fatigue is one of the risk and intrinsic factors for occupational accidents, such as slips, trips, falls, etc. In order to reduce the accident rate and optimize the existing prevention measures, it is necessary to investigate the effect of fatigue on kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activities of human body. In this paper, 26 healthy participants were recruited. The kinematics and kinetics analysis of lower limb joints, and surface electromyograms (sEMG) time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of lower limb periarticular muscles were utilized to investigate the effects of muscle fatigue. The results showed that the fatigue reduced the range-of-motion (RoM) of the lower limb joints. Smaller plantarflexion, knee flexion and hip flexion angles, and greater dorsiflexion angles were observed after fatigue. For the joint moment, the fatigue did not alter the joint moments except for the smaller knee flexion moment. For the joint power, the fatigue decreased the generation power of ankle, knee and hip joint and the absorption power of ankle and knee joints, whereas increased the absorption power of hip joint. Besides, the fatigue increased the normalized integrated sEMG (iEMG) and root-mean-square (RMS) of sEMG, and shifted the median frequency (MF) and mean power frequency (MPF) of sEMG toward lower frequencies. The results from the present study concluded that the muscle fatigue changed the kinematics, kinetics and muscle activities of lower limbs during gait, and then could increase the risk rate of occupational accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhou Yan
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Geng Liu
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Fei
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, P.R. China
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8
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Zhang L, Liu G, Yan Y, Han B, Li H, Ma J, Wang X. A subject-specific musculoskeletal model to predict the tibiofemoral contact forces during daily living activities. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2022; 26:972-985. [PMID: 35852103 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of tibiofemoral contact force (TFCF) during daily living activities is significant for understanding the initiation, progression, and treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). However, the diversity of target activities, prediction accuracy, and computational efficiency of the current musculoskeletal simulations need to be further improved. In this study, a subject-specific musculoskeletal model considered the tibiofemoral alignment, medial-lateral contact locations, secondary tibiofemoral and all patellofemoral motions, and knee ligaments was proposed to predict the TFCFs during the five daily activities (normal walking, sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit, stair ascent, and stair descent) in OpenSim software. The standing lower-limbs-full-length radiograph, local radiograph of knee joint, motion capture data, and force plate data of eighteen subjects were acquired as the input data of the musculoskeletal model. The results showed good agreements of TFCFs between the predictions based on our proposed musculoskeletal model and the in-vivo measurements based on instrumented knee implants during the five daily activities (RMSE: 0.16 ∼ 0.31 BW, R2: 0.88 ∼ 0.97, M: -0.11 ∼ -0.02, P: 0.03 ∼ 0.10, and C: 0.04 ∼ 0.14). Additionally, the order of the peak total and lateral TFCFs from low to high was normal walking, stair ascent and stand-to-sit, and stair descent and sit-to-stand (P < 0.05), and the peak medial TFCF was stand-to-sit, sit-to-stand, normal walking, stair ascent and stair descent (P < 0.05). The outcomes of this study are valuable for further understanding the knee biomechanics during daily living activities and providing theoretical guidance for the treatments of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Geng Liu
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhou Yan
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Joint Surgery Department, Xi’an Hong-hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Jianbing Ma
- Joint Surgery Department, Xi’an Hong-hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Xupeng Wang
- Department of Industrial Design, School of Art and Design, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, P.R. China
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9
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Sinclair J, Stainton P, Dillon S, Taylor PJ, Richardson C, Bottoms L, Hobbs SJ, Shadwell G, Liles N, Allan R. The efficacy of a tart cherry drink for the treatment of patellofemoral pain in recreationally active individuals: a placebo randomized control trial. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the efficacy of U.S. Montmorency tart cherry in treating recreationally active individuals with patellofemoral pain.
Methods
Twenty-four recreationally active participants with patellofemoral pain were randomly separated into either placebo (males N = 8, females N = 4, age = 43.30 ± 7.86 yrs, mass = 72.10 ± 17.89 kg, stature = 171.16 ± 10.17, BMI = 24.31 ± 3.75 kg/m2, symptom duration = 30.18 ± 10.90) or Montmorency tart cherry (males N = 9, females N = 3, age = 41.75 ± 7.52 yrs, mass = 76.96 ± 16.64 kg, stature = 173.05 ± 7.63, BMI = 25.53 ± 4.03 kg/m2, symptom duration = 29.73 ± 11.88) groups. Both groups ingested 60 mL of either Montmorency tart cherry concentrate or taste matched placebo daily for 6 weeks. Measures of self-reported pain (KOOS-PF), psychological wellbeing (COOP WONCA), and sleep quality (PSQI) alongside blood biomarkers (C-reactive protein, uric acid, TNF alpha, creatinine, and total antioxidant capacity) and knee biomechanics were quantified at baseline and 6 weeks. Differences between groups were examined using linear mixed-effects models.
Results
There was 1 withdrawal in the cherry and 0 in the placebo group and no adverse events were noted in either condition. The placebo condition exhibited significant improvements (baseline = 67.90 ± 16.18 & 6 weeks = 78.04 ± 14.83) in KOOS-PF scores compared to the tart cherry group (baseline = 67.28 ± 12.55& 6 weeks = 67.55 ± 20.61). No other statistically significant observations were observed.
Conclusion
Tart cherry supplementation as specifically ingested in the current investigation does not appear to be effective in mediating improvements in patellofemoral pain symptoms in recreationally active individuals.
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10
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Assirelli E, Caravaggi P, Mazzotti A, Ursini F, Leardini A, Belvedere C, Neri S. Location-Dependent Human Osteoarthritis Cartilage Response to Realistic Cyclic Loading: Ex-Vivo Analysis on Different Knee Compartments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:862254. [PMID: 35782520 PMCID: PMC9240619 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.862254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial musculoskeletal disorder affecting mostly weight-bearing joints. Chondrocyte response to load is modulated by inflammatory mediators and factors involved in extracellular cartilage matrix (ECM) maintenance, but regulatory mechanisms are not fully clarified yet. By using a recently proposed experimental model combining biomechanical data with cartilage molecular information, basally and following ex-vivo load application, we aimed at improving the understanding of human cartilage response to cyclic mechanical compressive stimuli by including cartilage original anatomical position and OA degree as independent factors. Methods: 19 mono-compartmental Knee OA patients undergoing total knee replacement were recruited. Cartilage explants from four different femoral condyles zones and with different degeneration levels were collected. The response of cartilage samples, pooled according to OA score and anatomical position was tested ex-vivo in a bioreactor. Mechanical stimulation was obtained via a 3-MPa 1-Hz sinusoidal compressive load for 45-min to replicate average knee loading during normal walking. Samples were analysed for chondrocyte gene expression and ECM factor release. Results: Non parametric univariate and multivariate (generalized linear mixed model) analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of compression and IL-1β stimulation in relationship to the anatomical position, local disease severity and clinical parameters with a level of significance set at 0.05. We observed an anti-inflammatory effect of compression inducing a significant downmodulation of IL-6 and IL-8 levels correlated to the anatomical regions, but not to OA score. Moreover, ADAMTS5, PIICP, COMP and CS were upregulated by compression, whereas COL-2CAV was downmodulated, all in relationship to the anatomical position and to the OA degree. Conclusion: While unconfined compression testing may not be fully representative of the in-vivo biomechanical situation, this study demonstrates the importance to consider the original cartilage anatomical position for a reliable biomolecular analysis of knee OA metabolism following mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Assirelli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Caravaggi
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Functional Evaluation of Prosthesis, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Mazzotti
- I Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Leardini
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Functional Evaluation of Prosthesis, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Belvedere
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Functional Evaluation of Prosthesis, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Fortier LM, Stylli JA, Civilette M, Duran NS, Hanukaai S, Wilder H, Sherman WF, Kaye AD. An Evidence-Based Approach to Multi-Ligamentous Knee Injuries. Orthop Rev (Pavia) 2022; 14:35825. [PMID: 35769647 PMCID: PMC9235428 DOI: 10.52965/001c.35825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi ligament knee injuries (MLKIs) are highly complex injuries with associated complications and often present with difficult management strategies. MLKIs may affect the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (or posteromedial corner (PMC)), and lateral collateral ligament (or posterolateral corner (PLC)) in addition to other structures including the menisci, common peroneal nerve, and popliteal artery. MLKIs are highly associated with the male sex and are commonly seen in high-velocity motor vehicle accidents and low-velocity sports injuries. Given the multiple planes of movement in the knee and various primary and secondary stabilizers throughout those planes, there is great heterogeneity in an injury pattern and most involve the ACL and PCL. Initial evaluation of this injury includes assessment of lower extremity sensation, distal pulses, and ankle-brachial index (ABI). If vascular compromise is suspected, computed tomography angiography (CTA) or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are indicated to evaluate the vasculature. As opposed to CTA, MRA offers visualization of the soft-tissue structures that are commonly damaged in MLKIs. Initial management typically includes closed reduction of the knee with subsequent external fixation. Classification systems guide initial assessments; however, further management is unclear and leads the surgical team to decide the best, individualized management option for each patient. As a result, optimal surgical and postoperative treatment options remain complicated, and clinical outcomes remain difficult to predict. The purpose of this review is to consolidate the most up-to-date practices of the diagnostic workup, management, and treatment of MLKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Heath Wilder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tulane University
| | | | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport
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12
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Yan Y, Liu G, Zhang L, Gong R, Fu P, Han B, Li H. Biomechanical Effect of Valgus Knee Braces on the Treatment of Medial Gonarthrosis: A Systematic Review. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:4194472. [PMID: 35677195 PMCID: PMC9168205 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4194472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Valgus braces are prescribed as a common conservative treatment option for patients with medial gonarthrosis to improve their quality of life. Many studies had reviewed the effects of the valgus braces on patients with medial gonarthrosis, while they mainly focused on the knee adduction moment (KAM), with less attention paid to other parameters such as spatiotemporal and morphological parameters. Objectives The purpose of this study was to review the effects of valgus braces on the spatiotemporal, kinematic/kinetic, morphological, and muscle parameters. Methods Based on the selected keywords, a survey of literatures was performed in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the PRISMA methods, and the search period was established from January 2000 to March 2022. Results Thirty-four articles were included. According to the conclusion of these articles, the valgus brace can be used to relieve the symptoms of patients with medial gonarthrosis by decreasing the varus angle, decreasing the KAM, and redistributing the knee compartment loads. However, the effects of valgus braces on other biomechanical parameters (e.g., walking speed, cadence, joint angle, and joint space) had not reached a consensus. Conclusions The valgus knee brace can effectively relieve the symptoms of medial gonarthrosis through multiple mechanisms, while there is still some confusion about the effectiveness of the valgus brace on the other biomechanical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Yan
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ruitao Gong
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Pengge Fu
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Bing Han
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hui Li
- Joint Surgery Department, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
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Bellizzi GL, Will-Lemos T, Resende RA, Cervi ACC, Santiago PRP, Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Bevilaqua-Grossi D, Florencio LL. Knee Kinetics and Kinematics of Young Asymptomatic Participants during Single-Leg Weight-Bearing Tasks: Task and Sex Comparison of a Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095590. [PMID: 35564985 PMCID: PMC9104880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to describe and compare kinetic and kinematic variables of the knee joint during stair descent, single-leg step down, and single-leg squat tasks. It also aimed to investigate potential sex difference during the tasks. Thirty young asymptomatic individuals (15 males, 15 females) were assessed during the performance of single-leg weight-bearing tasks. The kinetic and kinematic data from the knee were evaluated at the peak knee moment and at peak knee flexion. Single-leg squat presented a higher peak knee moment (2.37 Nm/kg) and the greatest knee moment (1.91 Nm/kg) at knee peak angle in the frontal plane, but the lowest knee flexion (67°) than the other two tasks (p < 0.05). Additionally, the single-leg step down task presented a higher varus knee angle (5.70°) when compared to stair descent (3.71°) (p < 0.001). No substantial sex difference could be observed. In conclusion, in asymptomatic young individuals, single-leg squats presented the greatest demand in the frontal and sagittal planes. Single-leg step down demanded a greater angular displacement than stair descent in the frontal plane. We did not identify a significant difference among the sex and studied variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Luís Bellizzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (G.L.B.); (T.W.-L.); (A.C.C.C.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Tenysson Will-Lemos
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (G.L.B.); (T.W.-L.); (A.C.C.C.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Renan Alves Resende
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Ana Cristina Corrêa Cervi
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (G.L.B.); (T.W.-L.); (A.C.C.C.); (D.B.-G.)
| | | | - César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
| | - Débora Bevilaqua-Grossi
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (G.L.B.); (T.W.-L.); (A.C.C.C.); (D.B.-G.)
| | - Lidiane Lima Florencio
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (G.L.B.); (T.W.-L.); (A.C.C.C.); (D.B.-G.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-488-86-09
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Trivedi J, Betensky D, Desai S, Jayasuriya CT. Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Assessment in Emerging and Advanced Pre-Clinical Meniscus Repair Strategies: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:787330. [PMID: 35004646 PMCID: PMC8733822 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.787330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical repair of meniscus injury is intended to help alleviate pain, prevent further exacerbation of the injury, restore normal knee function, and inhibit the accelerated development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Meniscus injuries that are treated poorly or left untreated are reported to significantly increase the risk of PTOA in patients. Current surgical approaches for the treatment of meniscus injuries do not eliminate the risk of accelerated PTOA development. Through recent efforts by scientists to develop innovative and more effective meniscus repair strategies, the use of biologics, allografts, and scaffolds have come into the forefront in pre-clinical investigations. However, gauging the extent to which these (and other) approaches inhibit the development of PTOA in the knee joint is often overlooked, yet an important consideration for determining the overall efficacy of potential treatments. In this review, we catalog recent advancements in pre-clinical therapies for meniscus injuries and discuss the assessment methodologies that are used for gauging the success of these treatments based on their effect on PTOA severity. Methodologies include histopathological evaluation of cartilage, radiographic evaluation of the knee, analysis of knee function, and quantification of OA predictive biomarkers. Lastly, we analyze the prevalence of these methodologies using a systemic PubMed® search for original scientific journal articles published in the last 3-years. We indexed 37 meniscus repair/replacement studies conducted in live animal models. Overall, our findings show that approximately 75% of these studies have performed at least one assessment for PTOA following meniscus injury repair. Out of this, 84% studies have reported an improvement in PTOA resulting from treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chathuraka T. Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
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15
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A Comparison of Dynamic and Static Hip-Knee-Ankle Angle during Gait in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients and Healthy Individuals. Appl Bionics Biomech 2021; 2021:6231406. [PMID: 34853606 PMCID: PMC8629624 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6231406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malalignment of the lower limbs is the main biomechanical factor for knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The static hip-knee-ankle angle (S-HKAA) measured from radiograph is regarded as the "gold standard" of the malalignment. However, many evidences showed that the S-HKAA has no significant correlation with the knee dynamic-load distribution, unlike the dynamic HKAA (D-HKAA). The purpose of this study was to quantitatively analyze the D-HKAA and investigate the relationship between D-HKAA and S-HKAA for both KOA and healthy participants. In this paper, twenty-five healthy subjects and twenty-five medial compartment KOA (M-KOA) patients were recruited. Three-dimensional motion analysis and standing lower-limbs-full-length radiograph were utilized to obtain the D-HKAA and S-HKAA, respectively. The results showed that the mean D-HKAA was more varus than the S-HKAA (p < 0.05). For the mean D-HKAA, larger varus angle was observed in swing phase than stance phase (p < 0.05). Compared with healthy subjects, the M-KOA patients had remarkably smaller S-HKAA and D-HKAA during gait cycle (p < 0.01). For the relationship between the S-HKAA and mean D-HKAA, no significant correlation was found for both healthy subjects and M-KOA patients (r < 0.357, n = 25, p > 0.05, Spearman correlation analysis). In conclusion, the S-HKAA was limited to predict the D-HKAA for both M-KOA patients and healthy subjects. The D-HKAA should be given more attention to the orthopedist and the designer of knee brace and orthotics.
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Kinetic Sensors for Ligament Balance and Kinematic Evaluation in Anatomic Bi-Cruciate Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165427. [PMID: 34450869 PMCID: PMC8399549 DOI: 10.3390/s21165427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensor technology was introduced to intraoperatively analyse the differential pressure between the medial and lateral compartments of the knee during primary TKA using a sensor to assess if further balancing procedures are needed to achieve a “balanced” knee. The prognostic role of epidemiological and radiological parameters was also analysed. A consecutive series of 21 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis were enrolled and programmed for TKA in our unit between 1 September 2020 and 31 March 2021. The VERASENSE Knee System (OrthoSensor Inc., Dania Beach, FL, USA) has been proposed as an instrument that quantifies the differential pressure between the compartments of the knee intraoperatively throughout the full range of motion during primary TKA, designed with a J-curve anatomical femoral design and a PS “medially congruent” polyethylene insert. Thirteen patients (61.90%) showed a “balanced” knee, and eight patients (38.10%) showed an intra-operative “unbalanced” knee and required additional procedures. A total of 13 additional balancing procedures were performed. At the end of surgical knee procedures, a quantitatively balanced knee was obtained in all patients. In addition, a correlation was found between the compartment pressure of phase I and phase II at 10° of flexion and higher absolute pressures were found in the medial compartment than in the lateral compartment in each ROM degree investigated. Moreover, those pressure values showed a trend to decrease with the increase in flexion degrees in both compartments. The “Kinetic Tracking” function displays the knee’s dynamic motion through the full ROM to evaluate joint kinetics. The obtained kinetic traces reproduced the knee’s medial pivot and femoral rollback, mimicking natural knee biomechanics. Moreover, we reported a statistically significant correlation between the need for soft tissue or bone resection rebalancing and severity of the initial coronal deformity (>10°) and a preoperative JLCA value >2°. The use of quantitative sensor-guided pressure evaluation during TKA leads to a more reproducible “balanced” knee. The surgeon, evaluating radiological parameters before surgery, may anticipate difficulties in knee balance and require those devices to achieve the desired result objectively.
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Bonnefoy-Mazure A, Lübbeke A, Miozzari HH, Armand S, Sagawa Y, Turcot K, Poncet A. Walking Speed and Maximal Knee Flexion During Gait After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Minimal Clinically Important Improvement Is Not Determinable; Patient Acceptable Symptom State Is Potentially Useful. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:2865-2871.e2. [PMID: 32646679 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the operation of choice in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). Up to 1 in 5 patients still encounter functional limitations after TKA, partly explaining patient dissatisfaction. Which gait ability to target after TKA remains unclear. To determine whether Minimal Clinical Important Improvement (MCII) or Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) values could be derived from gait parameters recorded in patients with TKA. And, if so, to define those values. METHODS In this ancillary study, we retrospectively analyzed gait parameters of patients scheduled for a unilateral TKA between 2011 and 2013. We investigated MCII and PASS values for walking speed and maximal knee flexion using anchor-based methods: 5 anchoring questions based on perceived body function and patients' satisfaction. RESULTS Over the study period, 79 patients performed a clinical gait analysis the week before and 1 year after surgery, and were included in the present study. All clinical and gait parameters improved 1 year after TKA. Nevertheless, changes in gait outcomes were not associated with perceived body function or patients' satisfaction, precluding any MCII estimation in gait parameters. PASS values, however, could be determined as 1.2 m/s for walking speed and 50° for maximal knee flexion. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that MCII and PASS values are not necessarily determinable for gait parameters after TKA in patients with end-stage OA. Using anchor questions based on perceived body function and patient's satisfaction, MCII could not be defined while PASS values were potentially useful. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bonnefoy-Mazure
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Lübbeke
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hermes H Miozzari
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Armand
- Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, Division of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yoshimasa Sagawa
- Laboratoire d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Clinique du Mouvement, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1431, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Katia Turcot
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Poncet
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Health and Community Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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