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Sharma D, Kumar S, Garg Y, Chopra S, Bhatia A. Nanotechnology in Orthodontics: Unveiling Pain Mechanisms, Innovations, and Future Prospects of Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1490-1506. [PMID: 38644722 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128298451240404084605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Orthodontic pain is characterized by sensations of tingling, tooth discomfort, and intolerance. According to the oral health report, over forty percent of children and adolescents have undergone orthodontic treatment. The efficacy of orthodontic treatment involving braces can be compromised by the diverse levels of discomfort and suffering experienced by patients, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes and reduced patient adherence. Nanotechnology has entered all areas of science and technology. This review provides an overview of nanoscience, its application in orthodontics, the underlying processes of orthodontic pain, effective treatment options, and a summary of recent research in Nano-dentistry. The uses of this technology in healthcare span a wide range, including enhanced diagnostics, biosensors, and targeted drug delivery. The reason for this is that nanomaterials possess distinct qualities that depend on their size, which can greatly enhance human well-being and contribute to better health when effectively utilized. The field of dentistry has also experienced significant advancements, particularly in the past decade, especially in the utilization of nanomaterials and technology. Over time, there has been an increase in the availability of dental nanomaterials, and a diverse array of these materials have been extensively studied for both commercial and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The ICFAI University, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Yogesh Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Shruti Chopra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University (MRSPTU), Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
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Yong J, Gröger S, VON Bremen J, Martins Marques M, Braun A, Chen X, Ruf S, Chen Q. Photobiomodulation therapy assisted orthodontic tooth movement: potential implications, challenges, and new perspectives. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:957-973. [PMID: 37961799 PMCID: PMC10646401 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, dramatic progress has been made in dental research areas involving laser therapy. The photobiomodulatory effect of laser light regulates the behavior of periodontal tissues and promotes damaged tissues to heal faster. Additionally, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), a non-invasive treatment, when applied in orthodontics, contributes to alleviating pain and reducing inflammation induced by orthodontic forces, along with improving tissue healing processes. Moreover, PBMT is attracting more attention as a possible approach to prevent the incidence of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) during orthodontic treatment (OT) due to its capacity to modulate inflammatory, apoptotic, and anti-antioxidant responses. However, a systematic review revealed that PBMT has only a moderate grade of evidence-based effectiveness during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in relation to OIIRR, casting doubt on its beneficial effects. In PBMT-assisted orthodontics, delivering sufficient energy to the tooth root to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to the exponential attenuation of light penetration in periodontal tissues. The penetration of light to the root surface is another crucial unknown factor. Both the penetration depth and distribution of light in periodontal tissues are unknown. Thus, advanced approaches specific to orthodontic application of PBMT need to be established to overcome these limitations. This review explores possibilities for improving the application and effectiveness of PBMT during OTM. The aim was to investigate the current evidence related to the underlying mechanisms of action of PBMT on various periodontal tissues and cells, with a special focus on immunomodulatory effects during OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Sabine Gröger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Julia VON Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Braun
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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Impacted Palatal Canines and Diode Laser Surgery: A Case Report. Case Rep Dent 2022; 2022:3973382. [PMID: 36249077 PMCID: PMC9560819 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3973382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maxillary canine is the most frequent dental element that could likely remain impacted in the bone structure, with a percentage between 1 and 5%. This study presents a case report using a diode laser for surgical-orthodontics disinclusion of a palatal mucosal impacted permanent left upper canine (2.3) and the simultaneous application of an orthodontic bracket. Methods After cementation of the trans-palatal bar to the upper first molars with a hook for orthodontic traction, local anaesthesia with articaine was performed, followed by surgical operculectomy using a diode laser (810 nm wavelength, continuous wave mode with a power output of 3 W, and a 0.4 mm diameter optical fiber), and the orthodontic bracket with a passive metal looped ligature was applied. Subsequently, active elastic traction was applied on 2.3 and the upper arch was bonded for the application of a series of orthodontic wires, lace-back, and metal ligatures. A progressive reactivation of the elastic traction and extraction of 6.3 was necessary to translate the canine into the correct arch position. Results Diode laser surgical-orthodontic disinclusion of impacted upper canine was performed successively, resulting in a dry surgical field ideal for orthodontic bracket adhesion. No pain and no swelling have been reported from the patient. The orthodontic treatment allowed the canine to be moved to the correct position in the arch. Conclusions This case showed that the diode laser is a valid alternative for the surgical-orthodontic disinclusion of an included tooth element.
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Bezerra MCSM, Habib FAL, Soares LGP, Vitale MC, Pinheiro ALB. Comparative analysis of Laser and LED phototherapies pain control after insertion of elastomeric separators in orthodontics patients: Clinical trial. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 233:112486. [PMID: 35749950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pain modulation following Laser or LED phototherapies during the process of tooth separation. This was a longitudinal randomized controlled clinical trial in four observational times carried out in 60 patients (15 males, 45 females, average 24.1 years old) who were randomly divided into three groups: G1 (LED, AsGaAl, λ850 ± 10 nm, 150 mW, 17 J/cm2, 57 s per session), G2 (Laser, AsGaAl, λ780 nm, 70 mW, 20.0 J/cm2, 240 s per session) and G3 (Non-irradiated Control). All patients were submitted to tooth separation using elastomeric separators. The pain level was measured by using a visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately after insertion (T1) of the elastic, at 48 (T2), 96 (T3) hours and 6 days (T4). It was observed an increase of the pain on the Control group from T1 to T2, with statistical significance. Pain levels in the LED and Laser groups were always significantly lower (<0.001), except for T1. According with the results of the present study it may be concluded that, either LED or Laser phototherapies, were effective in reducing the pain level after dental separation process when compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C S M Bezerra
- Prof. José Martins Soares Édimo Center for Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - F A L Habib
- Prof. José Martins Soares Édimo Center for Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - L G P Soares
- Prof. José Martins Soares Édimo Center for Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil; Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil.
| | - M C Vitale
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 2, Piazzale Golgi, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - A L B Pinheiro
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia - UFBA, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62, Canela, Salvador, BA CEP: 40110-150, Brazil.
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Management of Periodontal Disease with Adjunctive Therapy with Ozone and Photobiomodulation (PBM): A Randomized Clinical Trial. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the soft and hard tooth-supporting tissues, representing the first cause of tooth loss. In addition to standard mechanical debridement (Scaling and Root Planing, SRP), further approaches have been proposed as adjuncts. The aim of the present randomized clinical trial is to compare the efficacy of ozone or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in addition to SRP to treat periodontal disease. According to a split-mouth design, 240 pathological sites, corresponding to 30 periodontal patients, were randomly divided according to the professional oral hygiene protocol performed at baseline (T0) and after 1 (T1), 2 (T2), 3 (T3), 4 (T4), 5 (T5), and 6 (T6) months. A total of 120 sites underwent an ozonized water administration (ozone group), whereas the other 120 sites were treated with photobiomodulation (PBM group), both in addition to SRP. At every timepoint, the following clinical indexes were assessed: Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) (measured on six sites per element), Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding on Probing (BOP). As regards PPD, significant intergroup differences were noticed from T5, with significantly lower values in the PBM group (p < 0.05), where values further decreased at T6 (p < 0.05). Both PI and BoP generally decreased from baseline to T6 in both groups; a significant difference was found between T0 and T1 among the groups (p < 0.05), with a progressively higher reduction in the PBM group among the time frames of the study, despite intergroup comparisons not being significant (p > 0.05). Both ozone and PBM appear to be effective adjuvant treatments to SRP, obtaining a slightly better outcome for the latter in the long term, with significant differences at T5 and T6 for PPD. However, because of the absence of standardized protocols for PBM considering both therapeutic and research purposes, no definitive conclusions can be reached, and further studies are required.
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Zhi C, Wang T, Guo Z, Liu D, Duan X, Yu X, Zhang C. The Optimal Energy Density of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Decreasing Orthodontic-Related Pain: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:642-653. [PMID: 34662524 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to explore the optimal energy density (ED) for relief of orthodontic-related pain by photobiomodulation therapy. Background: Orthodontic treatment corrects the deformity of teeth, dental arch, jaw, and face using various orthodontic devices under the action of biomechanics. Materials and methods: A computerized literature search was conducted within the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used photobiomodulation therapy to relieve pain during orthodontic treatment. Particular inclusion and exclusion criteria were connected to recognize relevant articles. The information was extricated autonomously by two reviewers, and a quality assessment was carried out by utilizing the Cochrane Collaboration "risk of bias" tool. The RevMan 5.4 software and STATA 15.0 were utilized for data analysis. Also, the NMA was performed with mvmeta commands in Stata (StataCorp, TX). Results: Of the 1024 recognized articles, 21 RCTs were at long last included. Within the risk-of-bias assessments, 2 studies displayed a high risk, 17 an unclear risk, and 2 a low risk. The global and local inconsistency of the NMA in 1 and 2 days was not significant; however, the NMA in 3 days showed a significant inconsistency. Laser with lower ED (0-10 J/cm2) appeared to be the most noteworthy possibility to become the optimal intervention, and it also had the highest mean rank in the rankogram and the biggest value of surface under the cumulative ranking in all three NMA structures. Conclusions: On account of the limited evidence of included trials, laser with lower ED (0-10 J/cm2) appeared to be more valid than the remaining treatment modalities (laser with higher ED, placebo, and control) for pain reduction in 1, 2, and 3 days after orthodontic procedures were applied. In the future, more high-quality research with consistency in research design is needed for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongqiao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoni Duan
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Fuction Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhi C, Guo Z, Wang T, Liu D, Duan X, Yu X, Zhang C. Viability of Photobiomodulaton Therapy in Decreasing Orthodontic-Related Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:504-517. [PMID: 34328796 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the viability of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in decreasing orthodontic-related pain after different orthodontic procedures. Methods: A computerized literature search was conducted within the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and CBM databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which used PBMT to relieve pain during orthodontic treatment. Particular inclusion and exclusion criteria were connected to recognize relevant articles. The information was extricated autonomously by two reviewers, and a quality assessment was carried out by utilizing the Cochrane Collaboration "risk of bias" tool. Meta-analysis was conducted with fixed- or random-effects models as suitable. Statistical heterogeneity was also examined. The RevMan 5.4 software was utilized for data analysis. Results: Of 1024 recognized articles, 25 RCT were at long last included. Within the risk-of-bias assessments, 1 study displayed a high risk, 22 an unclear risk, and 2 a low risk. The meta-analysis appeared that in patients treated with photobiomodulation (PBM) versus control there was a distinction in support of PBMT in placement of elastomeric separators, canine retraction, and archwire placement during 1 week. Conclusions: PBMT demonstrated to be effective in advancing a reduction pain after elastomeric separators placement, canine retraction, and archwire placement within 1 week. In the future, more high-quality research with consistency in research design is needed for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongqiao Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoni Duan
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Mirhashemi A, Rasouli S, Shahi S, Chiniforush N. Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy for Orthodontic Pain Control Following the Placement of Elastomeric Separators: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Lasers Med Sci 2021; 12:e8. [PMID: 34084734 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2021.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Controlling pain in orthodontic patients has gained special attention. This study assessed the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for pain control following the placement of elastomeric separators. Methods: This split-mouth single-blind randomized clinical trial evaluated 30 orthodontic patients who required posterior elastomeric separators. The two maxillary quadrants were randomized into the laser and control groups. In the laser quadrant, an 808 nm diode laser (400 mW, 15.60 J/cm2 , 11 seconds, continuous-wave, contact mode) was irradiated to the cervical third of the maxillary first molar roots 24 hours prior to the placement of separators. The control quadrant received placebo radiation by a light-curing unit. The patients received the second laser cycle right before the placement of separators 24 hours later. The level of self-perceived pain was recorded at 0, 2, 6, 24, and 72 hours and 5 days after the intervention in the laser and control quadrants using a visual analog scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired-samples t test. Results: The trend of change in the pain score was similar in both groups. The pain score was significantly lower in the laser group than the control group at all-time points (P <0.05) except at time 0. The pain score increased in the first 6 hours and reached its maximum level in 24 hours in both groups. Conclusion: PBMT by an 808 nm diode laser can effectively decrease pain following the placement of elastomeric separators.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirHossein Mirhashemi
- Associate Professor, Orthodontic Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedreza Rasouli
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Shahi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Assistant Professor, Dental Implant Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Nayyer N, Tripathi T, Rai P, Kanase A. Effect of photobiomodulation on external root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement - a randomized controlled trial. Int Orthod 2021; 19:197-206. [PMID: 33610485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare external root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement between patients who were subjected to photobiomodulation and those who were not. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was designed as a split-mouth, single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted on twenty-two orthodontic patients requiring extraction of maxillary first premolars (age group 13-30years). A buccal force was applied to all the premolars using a 0.019″×0.025″ beta-titanium cantilever spring for 28days. The test group premolars were irradiated by indium-gallium-arsenide (InGaAs) diode laser (980nm, 100mW) 0, 3, 7, 11, 15 and 28days after force application. Each premolar was irradiated at ten locations on the buccal and palatal gingiva resulting in a total energy of 10J delivered per tooth. After 28days, the root surface of all the premolars were studied for the number and volume of resorption craters using three-dimensional optical profilometry by a blinded assessor. One-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ascertain normality and Mann-Whitney U test was applied for data analysis. RESULTS All twenty-two patients enrolled completed the study. The root surface analysis showed formation of 32.78% less number of resorption craters (P<0.05) and 39.49% less volume of resorption craters (P<0.05) in the test group premolars relative to the control group premolars. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study, therefore, suggest that photobiomodulation reduces external root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. TRIAL REGISTRATION/REGISTRATION NUMBER CTRI/2018/04/013520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Nayyer
- Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, MAMC Campus, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Tulika Tripathi
- Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, MAMC Campus, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002, India.
| | - Priyank Rai
- Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, MAMC Campus, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002, India
| | - Anup Kanase
- Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, MAMC Campus, Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002, India
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Pirmoradian M, Safiaghdam H, Nokhbatolfoghahaei H, Ashnagar S, Fekrazad R. Effect of Photobiomodulation on Relapse in an Experimental Rapid Maxillary Expansion Model in Rat. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:634-640. [PMID: 33294968 DOI: 10.1111/php.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is performed on transversely deficient maxilla. As all orthodontic treatments, retention is important in maintaining therapeutic outcomes. Fixed /removable retainers are used post-RME causing hygiene and compliance problems. Given photobiomodulation's positive effects on the quantity and quality of bone regeneration, its effect on post-RME relapse was studied. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into group R, non-irradiated RME-treated (n = 12), group P, irradiated RME-treated (n = 12) and group C, non-RME non-irradiated (n = 6). A 1.5 mm metal ring inserted between maxillary incisors at days 0 and 15 was expanded until 1.5 mm space was obtained at day 30. In group P, Ga-Al-As diode laser (810 nm, 100 mW, 4J/cm2 , 30 secs) was applied on days 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 as predictor variable. The relapse was measured as the space lost between incisors for 30 days after appliance removal (primary outcome variable) and compared with t-test. In week 2, space loss in group P was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than all other groups. The relapse during weeks 2 and 3 was significantly lower in group P than group R. However, no significant difference in relapse amount was found between groups during first and fourth week. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between groups in relapse rates (secondary outcome variable) but not in total relapse after 4 weeks. Photobiomodulation proved beneficial in resisting relapse in our study, and it is suggested to be continued until the end of expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pirmoradian
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Safiaghdam
- Student Research Commitee, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Nokhbatolfoghahaei
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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