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Rasool Z, Noreen H, Anjum A, Rizvi A, Rabaan AA, Halwani MA, Sabour AA, Aljeldah M, Shammari BRA, Alhajri SM, Alshubaith IH, Garout M, Firyal S, Ahmed N. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Erythromycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis and Humans in Close Contact. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 8:tropicalmed8010026. [PMID: 36668934 PMCID: PMC9865518 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major causative agent of mastitis and is resistant to many antibiotics. Thus, there is a need to characterize the genetic determinants of S. aureus erythromycin resistance, such as ermA, ermB and ermC. The current study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic erythromycin resistance profile and relatedness of S. aureus recovered from bovine mastitis and humans in close contact. A total of 14 mastitis-infected buffalo milk samples and 16 samples from their respective milkers were collected from different farms of Lahore, Pakistan. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined through the disk diffusion test. The overall prevalence of S. aureus in mastitis-affected buffaloes was found to be 75%, of which 52.1% were resistant to erythromycin and 42.8% to clindamycin. S. aureus isolates recovered from milker nasal samples showed 56.25% resistance to erythromycin and 44% resistance to clindamycin. Genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles were determined from 14 milk samples through PCR. Overall, eight (52.1%), three (21.4%) and five (35.7%) S. aureus isolates were positive for the ermA, ermB and ermC genes, respectively. Moreover, 16 milker nasal S. aureus isolates were also tested for the presence of ermA, ermB and ermC genes. The ermA, ermB and ermC genes were observed in nine(56.7%), five (31.3%) and seven (43.7%) isolates, respectively. A significant association was shown between phenotypic and genotypic erythromycin resistance. The results indicate both that there are sufficient genetic similarities, and the actual transmission of erythromycin resistance genes between these two hosts of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Rasool
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hadiqua Noreen
- Department of Medical Education, Avviceena Medical College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asfa Anjum
- Department of Medical Education, University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Azka Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute & Research Center (PKLI & RC), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali A. Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A. Sabour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aljeldah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basim R. Al Shammari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39831, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah M. Alhajri
- Infectious and Zoonotic Diseases Division, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 11116, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H. Alshubaith
- Department of International Organisations and Health Cities Al-Ahsa Municipality, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sehrish Firyal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (N.A.)
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Pasandideh NK, Tahmasebi H, Dehbashi S, zeyni B, Arabestani MR. Inhibitory activities of vitamins K2 against clinical isolates of quinolone-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QR-MRSA) with different multi-locus sequence types (MLST), SCCmec, and spa types. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:295. [PMID: 36528637 PMCID: PMC9758948 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inhibitory activities of vitamins K2 against clinical isolates of quinolone-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QR-MRSA) are unclear. The main aim is to better understand of inhibitory activities of vitamins K2, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), SCCmec, and spa typing in clinical isolates of QR-MRSA on those mutation and gene expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS After collecting S. aureus clinical isolates and detecting QR-MRSA, the genes encoding norA, grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB were sequenced. After treating isolates by vitamin K2, isolates were prepared to measure norA, grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB gene expression. The quantitative-real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of efflux pump genes. RESULTS QR-MRSA, MDR, and XDR strains were reported in 59.4%, 73.9%, and 37.6% of isolates, respectability. SCCmecIV (36.5%) and SCCmecV (26.8%) had the highest frequency. Thirty-nine spa types were identified, t021, t044, and t267 types most prevalent in QR-MRSA isolates. ST22 and ST30 dominated the invasive, drug-resistant isolates and QR-MRSA. In 24 h incubated isolates, the most noticeable change of gene expression with vitamin K2 was that the norA, gyrA, and grlB genes were highly repressed. However, the down-regulation of grlA at 24 h after being treated by vitamin K2 was more than another gene. Further, a significant decrease was observed in QR-MRSA-treated isolates compared to un-treated isolates. In other words, norA, grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB genes were less suppressed by QR-MRSA (p ≤ 0.01, p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Vitamin K2 has significant inhibitory effects on the genes responsible for resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics. However, a subminimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) level of vitamin K2 was delayed but did not completely inhibit norA, grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB genes in MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naime Kashefi Pasandideh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Hamadan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Tahmasebi
- grid.444858.10000 0004 0384 8816School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dehbashi
- grid.513395.80000 0004 9048 9072Department of Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Behrouz zeyni
- grid.513395.80000 0004 9048 9072Department of Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- grid.513395.80000 0004 9048 9072Department of Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates from lymphatic filariasis patients in the Ahanta West District, Ghana. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:245. [PMID: 36221074 PMCID: PMC9552459 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance is associated with increased morbidity in secondary infections and is a global threat owning to the ubiquitous nature of resistance genes in the environment. Recent estimate put the deaths associated with bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019 at 4.95 million worldwide. Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), is associated with the poor living in the tropical regions of the world. LF patients are prone to developing acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA), a condition that puts them at risk of developing secondary bacterial infections due to skin peeling. ADLA particularly worsens the prognosis of patients leading to usage of antibiotics as a therapeutic intervention. This may result in inappropriate usage of antibiotics due to self-medication and non-compliance; exacerbating antimicrobial resistance in LF patients. In this perspective, we assessed the possibilities of antimicrobial resistance in LF patients. We focused on antibiotic usage, antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and looked at genes (mecA and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM]) coding for resistance in multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates. Results Of the sixty (60) participants, fifty-four (n = 54, 90%) were within 31–60 years of age, twenty (n = 20, 33.33%) were unemployed and thirty-eight (n = 38, 50.67%) had wounds aged (in months) seven (7) months and above. Amoxicillin (54%) and chloramphenicol (22%) were the most frequently used antibiotics for self-medication. Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 26) were mostly resistant to penicillin (n = 23, 88.46%) and least resistant to erythromycin (n = 2, 7.69%). Escherichia coli isolates (n = 5) were resistant to tetracycline (n = 5, 100%) and ampicillin (n = 5, 100%) but were sensitive to meropenem (n = 5, 100%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 8) were most resistant to meropenem (n = 3, 37.50%) and to a lesser ciprofloxacin (n = 2, 25%), gentamicin (n = 2, 25%) and ceftazidime (n = 2, 25%). Multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli. and carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were four (n = 4, 15.38%), two (n = 2, 40%) and two (n = 2, 25%) respectively. ESBL (blaCTX-M) and mecA genes were implicated in the resistance mechanism of Escherichia coli and MRSA, respectively. Conclusion The findings show presence of MDR isolates from LF patients presenting with chronic wounds; thus, the need to prioritize resistance of MDR bacteria into treatment strategies optimizing morbidity management protocols. This could guide antibiotic selection for treating LF patients presenting with ADLA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02624-9.
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Li QQ, Chae HS, Kang OH, Kwon DY. Synergistic Antibacterial Activity with Conventional Antibiotics and Mechanism of Action of Shikonin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147551. [PMID: 35886892 PMCID: PMC9322759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a troublesome pathogen that poses a global threat to public health. Shikonin (SKN) isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon (L. erythrorhizon) possesses a variety of biological activities. This study aims to explore the effect of the combined application of SKN and traditional antibiotics on the vitality of MRSA and the inherent antibacterial mechanism of SKN. The synergies between SKN and antibiotics against MRSA and its clinical strain have been demonstrated by the checkerboard assay and the time-kill assay. The effect of SKN on disrupting the integrity and permeability of bacterial cell membranes was verified by a nucleotide and protein leakage assay and a bacteriolysis assay. As determined by crystal violet staining, SKN inhibited the biofilm formation of clinical MRSA strains. The results of Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that SKN could inhibit the expression of proteins and genes related to drug resistance and S. aureus exotoxins. SKN inhibited the ability of RAW264.7 cells to release the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, as measured by ELISA. Our findings suggest that SKN has the potential to be developed as a promising alternative for the treatment of MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea;
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea;
- Correspondence: (O.-H.K.); (D.-Y.K.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6802 (O.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Korea;
- Correspondence: (O.-H.K.); (D.-Y.K.); Tel.: +82-63-850-6802 (O.-H.K.)
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Rattanapunya S, Deethae A, Woskie S, Kongthip P, Matthews KR. Occurrence of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. in Orange Orchards in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:246. [PMID: 35010506 PMCID: PMC8751150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread indiscriminate application of antibiotics to food crops to control plant disease represents a potential human health risk. In this study, the presence of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci associated with workers and orange orchard environments was determined. A total of 20 orchards (orange and other fruits) were enrolled in the study. Trees in the orange orchards were treated with ampicillin on a pre-determined schedule. Environmental samples (n = 60) included soil, water, and oranges; 152 hand and nasal samples were collected from 76 healthy workers. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined for all staphylococcal isolates. RESULTS This investigation revealed that of the total Staphylococcus spp. recovered from the orange orchard, 30% (3/10) were resistant to erythromycin, 20% (2/10) were resistant to ampicillin, and 20% (2/10) resistant to both erythromycin and ampicillin. CONCLUSION The application of antibiotics to orange trees in open production environments to halt the spread of bacterial disease presents risks to the environment and creates health concerns for Thai farmers using those agents. ARB on crops such as oranges may enter the global food supply and adversely affect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwalee Rattanapunya
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand
| | - Aomhatai Deethae
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand;
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Pornpimol Kongthip
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Karl R. Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
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Saigal, Ghanem YSA, Uddin A, Khan S, Abid M, Khan MM. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Docking Studies of Functionalized Pyrrolo[3,4‐
b
]pyridine Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saigal
- Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002, U.P India
| | | | - Amad Uddin
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India 110025
| | - Sarfaraz Khan
- Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002, U.P India
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India 110025
| | - Md. Musawwer Khan
- Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002, U.P India
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Ghia CJ, Waghela S, Rambhad G. A Systemic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis Reporting the Prevalence and Impact of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in India. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 13:1178633720970569. [PMID: 33223835 PMCID: PMC7656882 DOI: 10.1177/1178633720970569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence, burden and epidemiology of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This systemic review was also aimed to highlight the challenges in the diagnosis and management of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in India (for all age groups). We also examined the published literature on the available treatment options and the role of prevention in the management of MRSA in India. By summarizing the currently available data, our objectives were to highlight the need for the prevention of MRSA infections and also emphasize the role of vaccination in the prevention of MRSA infections in India. Methodology Electronic databases such as PubMed and databases of the National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources and Indian Council of Medical Research Embase were searched for relevant literature published from 2005/01/01 to 2020/05/13 in English language, according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A manual search was also conducted using the key term "MRSA 'or' Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus 'and' India." An independent reviewer extracted data from the studies using a structured Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, and a meta-analysis of proportion for MRSA prevalence with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for all included individual studies were performed. Result A total of 34 studies involving 16 237 patients were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of patients with MRSA infection was 26.8% (95% CI: 23.2%-30.7%). The MRSA infection was more prevalent among male patients (60.4%; 95% CI: 53.9%-66.5%) as compared to female patients (39.6%; 95% CI: 33.5%-46.1%), while the prevalence of MRSA was higher among adults (18 years and above; 32%; 95% CI: 5%-80%) in comparison to pediatric patients (0-18 years; 68%; 95% CI: 20%-94.8%). The degree of heterogeneity was found to be significant. Conclusion The prevalence of MRSA in India was relatively high at 27% with a higher proportion observed among men aged >18 years. The high prevalence of MRSA infections in India necessitates the implementation of surveillance and preventive measures to combat the spread of MRSA in both hospital and community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaumil Waghela
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Gautam Rambhad
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Limited, Mumbai, India
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Mirzaie A, Peirovi N, Akbarzadeh I, Moghtaderi M, Heidari F, Yeganeh FE, Noorbazargan H, Mirzazadeh S, Bakhtiari R. Preparation and optimization of ciprofloxacin encapsulated niosomes: A new approach for enhanced antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition and reduced antibiotic resistance in ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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