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Fatnani D, Parida AK. Unravelling the halophyte Suaeda maritima as an efficient candidate for phytostabilization of cadmium and lead: Implications from physiological, ionomic, and metabolomic responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108770. [PMID: 38823092 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are among the most toxic heavy metals affecting human health and crop yield. Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort is an obligate halophyte that is well adapted to saline soil. The inbuilt salinity tolerance mechanisms of halophytes help them to survive in heavy metal-contaminated rhizospheric soil. In the present study, growth and ionomic responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, modulations of phytochelatins, antioxidative defense, and metabolomic responses were studied in S. maritima imposed to Cd and Pb stresses with an aim to elucidate Cd and Pb tolerance mechanisms and phytoremediation potential of this halophyte. Our results showed a reduction of biomass in S. maritima, which may serve as an energy conservation strategy for survival under heavy metal stress. The increased accumulation of ROS with concomitant higher expression of various antioxidative enzymes suggests the efficient scavenging of ROS. The metabolite profiling revealed significant up-regulation of sugars, sugar alcohols, amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids under Cd and Pb stresses suggesting their possible role in osmotic balance, ionic homeostasis, ROS scavenging, and signal transduction for stress tolerance. In S. maritima, the translocation factors (Tf) are <1 in both Cd and Pb treatments, which indicates that this halophyte has high phytostabilization potential for Cd and Pb in roots and through restricted translocation of heavy metal ions to the aboveground part. The findings of this study offer comprehensive information on Cd and Pb tolerance mechanisms in S. maritima and suggest that this halophyte can detoxify the HMs through physiological, ionic, antioxidative, and metabolic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Fatnani
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Asish Kumar Parida
- Plant Omics Division, CSIR- Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Demirtaş Y, Topbaş M, Çamur D, Albay M, İlter H, Ayoğlu FN, Altın A, Can M, Parlak Somuncu B, Açıkgöz B, Aydın F. Heavy Metal and Trace Element Levels in Hair Samples from Fishermen in Turkey: The Fish/Ermen Heavy Metal Study (FHMS). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:34-45. [PMID: 37014497 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Toxic chemicals from polluted seas can enter the human body through seafood consumption and cause health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of selected heavy metals and trace elements among fishermen who frequently consumed seafood and controls who consumed seafood less frequently in four provinces on the shores of the Sea of Marmara, which is heavily polluted by industrial activities. Fourteen elements (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, strontium, vanadium, and zinc) were analyzed in hair samples using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer method. Levels of arsenic (0.147 ± 0.067 µg/g vs. 0.129 ± 0.070 µg/g, p = 0.025), chromium (0.327 ± 0.096 µg/g vs. 0.269 ± 0.116 µg/g, p < 0.01), nickel (0.469 ± 0.339 µg/g vs. 0.403 ± 0.368 µg/g, p = 0.015), strontium (1.987 ± 1.241 µg/g vs. 1.468 ± 1.190 µg/g, p < 0.01), and zinc (103.3 ± 43.1 µg/g vs. 92.7 ± 37.4 µg/g, p = 0.047) were higher in the fisherman group than in the control group. No difference was found between the groups in terms of other elements. The findings suggest that heavy metal-trace element contamination in the Sea of Marmara may increase the exposure levels of individuals to some chemicals through seafood consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Demirtaş
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Murat Topbaş
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Derya Çamur
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Gülhane Medicine, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meriç Albay
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin İlter
- Provincial Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferruh Niyazi Ayoğlu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Altın
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Murat Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | | | - Bilgehan Açıkgöz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aydın
- Faculty of Aquatic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Barathi S, Lee J, Venkatesan R, Vetcher AA. Current Status of Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in India-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3816. [PMID: 38005713 PMCID: PMC10675783 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Rising waste construction, agricultural actions, and manufacturing sewages all contribute to heavy metal accumulation in water resources. Humans consume heavy metals-contaminated substances to make sustenance, which equally ends up in the food circle. Cleaning of these vital properties, along with the prevention of new pollution, has long been required to evade negative strength consequences. Most wastewater treatment techniques are widely acknowledged to be costly and out of the grasp of governments and small pollution mitigation businesses. Utilizing hyper-accumulator plants that are extremely resilient to heavy metals in the environment/soil, phytoremediation is a practical and promising method for eliminating heavy metals from contaminated environments. This method extracts, degrades, or detoxifies harmful metals using green plants. The three phytoremediation techniques of phytostabilization, phytoextraction, and phytovolatilization have been used extensively for soil remediation. Regarding their ability to be used on a wide scale, conventional phytoremediation methods have significant limitations. Hence, biotechnological attempts to change plants for heavy metal phytoremediation methods are extensively investigated in order to increase plant effectiveness and possible use of improved phytoremediation approaches in the country of India. This review focuses on the advances and significance of phytoremediation accompanied by the removal of various harmful heavy metal contaminants. Similarly, sources, heavy metals status in India, impacts on nature and human health, and variables influencing the phytoremediation of heavy metals have all been covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Barathi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (R.V.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (R.V.)
| | - Raja Venkatesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea; (J.L.); (R.V.)
| | - Alexandre A. Vetcher
- Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia;
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4
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Lajmanovich RC, Repetti MR, Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Michlig MP, Demonte L, Attademo AM, Peltzer PM. Cocktails of pesticide residues in Prochilodus lineatus fish of the Salado River (South America): First record of high concentrations of polar herbicides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:162019. [PMID: 36740068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Muscle and viscera (gills-liver) of the fish Prochilodus lineatus were obtained from four sites of lower course of Salado river and one site at Santa Fe river near to its confluence with Salado river from Santa Fe (Argentina) between December 2021 and February 2022. Sediment samples were also obtained from the same sites. All samples were analyzed for pesticide residues following the QuEChERS method to quantify 136 compounds by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-EI-MS/MS. Overall, muscle fish tissue showed very high concentrations (maximum concentrations detected) of the insecticide cypermethrin (204 μg/kg), polar herbicides (glyphosate; 187 μg/kg and its degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid) AMPA; 3116 μg/kg, and glufosinate-ammonium; 677 μg/kg), and the fungicide pyraclostrobin (50 μg/kg). In viscera samples, high values of cypermethrin (506 μg/kg), chlorpyrifos (78 μg/kg), and lambdacyhalothrin (73 μg/kg) were the main pesticides found. Mean residues concentrations detected among sites were not significantly different neither in muscle nor viscera of P. lineatus in most of the cases. Exceptionally, the southernmost studied site of the Lower Salado river showed significant differences in concentration of residues found in muscle, due to high concentrations of glyphosate and glufosinate-amonium (KW = 11.879 and KW = 13.013, respectively, P < 0.05). Other norther Lower Salado river site showed significant higher AMPA concentration in fish viscera than in the rest of the studied sites (KW = 12.86 P < 0.05). Some sediment samples showed low levels of herbicides such as glyphosate (24 μg/kg) and fungicides. However, the world highest levels of polar herbicides were recorded in fish muscle. The results of this study highlight the need for periodic monitoring due to the high concentration of pesticides and its potential risk in a very important commercial freshwater fish from Argentina, which is consumed locally and exported to other countries for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María R Repetti
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana P Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melina P Michlig
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luisina Demonte
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Demirgul F, Simsek O, Sagdic O. Amino acid, mineral, vitamin B contents and bioactivities of extracts of yeasts isolated from sourdough. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Marzuki I, Septiningsih E, Kaseng ES, Herlinah H, Sahrijanna A, Sahabuddin S, Asaf R, Athirah A, Isnawan BH, Samidjo GS, Rumagia F, Hamidah E, Santi IS, Nisaa K. Investigation of Global Trends of Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems around Barrang Caddi Island, Spermonde Archipelago Cluster: An Ecological Approach. TOXICS 2022; 10:301. [PMID: 35736909 PMCID: PMC9229392 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
High-quality marine ecosystems are free from global trending pollutants' (GTP) contaminants. Accuracy and caution are needed during the exploitation of marine resources during marine tourism to prevent future ecological hazards that cause chain effects on aquatic ecosystems and humans. This article identifies exposure to GTP: microplastic (MP); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); pesticide residue (PR); heavy metal (HM); and medical waste (MW), in marine ecosystems in the marine tourism area (MTA) area and Barrang Caddi Island (BCI) waters. A combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods were used with analytical instruments and mathematical formulas. The search results show the average total abundance of MPs in seawater (5.47 units/m3) and fish samples (7.03 units/m3), as well as in the sediment and sponge samples (8.18 units/m3) and (8.32 units/m3). Based on an analysis of the polymer structure, it was identified that the dominant light group was MPs: polyethylene (PE); polypropylene (PP); polystyrene (PS); followed by polyamide-nylon (PA); and polycarbonate (PC). Several PAH pollutants were identified in the samples. In particular, naphthalene (NL) types were the most common pollutants in all of the samples, followed by pyrene (PN), and azulene (AZ). Pb+2 and Cu+2 pollutants around BCI were successfully calculated, showing average concentrations in seawater of 0.164 ± 0.0002 mg/L and 0.293 ± 0.0007 mg/L, respectively, while in fish, the concentrations were 1.811 ± 0.0002 µg/g and 4.372 ± 0.0003 µg/g, respectively. Based on these findings, the BCI area is not recommended as a marine tourism destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Marzuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Fajar University, Makassar 90231, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Early Septiningsih
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ernawati Syahruddin Kaseng
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Herlinah Herlinah
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Andi Sahrijanna
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Sahabuddin Sahabuddin
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ruzkiah Asaf
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Admi Athirah
- Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros 90512, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; (E.S.); (E.S.K.); (H.H.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (R.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Bambang Heri Isnawan
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul 55183, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia; (B.H.I.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Gatot Supangkat Samidjo
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul 55183, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia; (B.H.I.); (G.S.S.)
| | - Faizal Rumagia
- Study Program of Fisheries Resource Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Khairun University, Ternate 97719, North Maluku, Indonesia;
| | - Emmy Hamidah
- Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Islam Darul ‘Ulum, Lamongan 62253, Jawa Timur, Indonesia;
| | - Idum Satia Santi
- Department of Agrotechnology, Institut Pertanian Stiper, Yogyakarta 55283, DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia;
| | - Khairun Nisaa
- National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta 10340, DKI, Indonesia;
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Farag MA, Zain AE, Hariri ML, Aaasar R, Khalifa I, Elmetwally F. Potential food safety hazards in fermented and salted fish in Egypt (Feseekh, Renga, Moloha) as case studies and controlling their manufacture using
HACCP
system. J Food Saf 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department College of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Aya Ehab Zain
- Chemistry Department School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamad Louai Hariri
- Chemistry Department School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Reem Aaasar
- Chemistry Department School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University Qaliuobia Egypt
| | - Farah Elmetwally
- Chemistry Department School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo Egypt
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Kontas A, Alyuruk H, Bilgin M, Uluturhan E, Ünlüoğlu A, Darilmaz E, Altay O. Metal Bioaccumulation and Potential Health Risk Assessment in Different Tissues of Three Commercial Fish Species (Merluccius merluccius, Mullus barbatus, and Pagellus erythrinus) from Edremit Bay (Aegean Sea), Turkey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:868-880. [PMID: 33763821 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal levels and potential health risk assessment in muscle, liver, and gills of three fish species (Merluccius merluccius, Mullus barbatus, and Pagellus erythrinus) from the Edremit Bay were investigated in spring and autumn 2015. Metal concentrations (Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe), metal pollution index, and bioaccumulation factors in P. erythrinus were observed to be generally higher than those in M. barbatus and M. merluccius. Tissue was the main factor that might be responsible from the variations of metals in fish species according to ANOVA and PCA. Hg concentrations in M. barbatus and P. erythrinus were greater than threshold limits defined by international authorities; however, no carcinogenic risks were found for Cd and Pb levels. According to the results, the bay has been negatively influenced by human activities, and further research on monitoring of the biota and sediments is recommended for Edremit Bay and similar coastal areas under human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Kontas
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hakan Alyuruk
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Bilgin
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe, 35160, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esin Uluturhan
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Aydın Ünlüoğlu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Enis Darilmaz
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oya Altay
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
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Uzcan F, Soylak M. CuCo2O4 as affective adsorbent for dispersive solid-phase extraction of lead from food, cigarette and water samples before FAAS detection. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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ONAC C, TOPAL T, AKDOGAN A. Investigation of the nutritional environment of the differences in toxicity levels of some heavy metals and pesticides examined in gilthead bream fishes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.27921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Canan ONAC
- Pamukkale University, Turkey; Pamukkale University, Turkey
| | - Tufan TOPAL
- Pamukkale University, Turkey; Pamukkale University, Turkey
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Parrino V, De Marco G, Minutoli R, Lo Paro G, Giannetto A, Cappello T, De Plano LM, Cecchini S, Fazio F. Effects of pesticides on Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827) evaluated by enzymatic activities along the north eastern Sicilian coastlines (Italy). EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1905090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Parrino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G. De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - R. Minutoli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G. Lo Paro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A. Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - T. Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - L. M. De Plano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S. Cecchini
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - F. Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy
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