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Kobayashi S, Yamazaki H, Imamura T, Fujioka H, Kakeshita K, Koike T, Kinugawa K. Implication of serum growth differentiation factor-15 level in patients with renal diseases. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2935-2941. [PMID: 37010737 PMCID: PMC10069349 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synthesis of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is induced by inflammation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress and is receiving great interest as a predictive biomarker for cardiovascular disease. However, its detailed impact on patients with renal disease remains uncertain. METHODS Patients who underwent renal biopsy for evaluation of renal disease between 2012 and 2017 in our institute were prospectively included. Serum GDF-15 levels were measured and its association with baseline characteristics and its impact on the 3-year composites of renal prognosis (composites of > 1.5 folds of serum creatinine and renal replacement therapy) were investigated. RESULTS A total of 110 patients (64 [42, 73] years old, 61 men) were included. The median serum GDF-15 level at baseline was 1885 (998, 3496) pg/mL. A higher serum GDF-15 level was associated with comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, anemia, renal impairment, and pathologic features including crescent formation, hyaline degeneration, and interstitial fibrosis (p < 0.05 for all). Serum GDF-15 level was a significant predictor of 3-year composite renal outcomes with an odds ratio per 100 pg/mL of 1.072 (95% confidence interval 1.001-1.103, p = 0.036) after adjustment for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Serum GDF-15 levels were associated with several renal pathological features and renal prognosis in patients with renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Kobayashi
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamazaki
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Hayato Fujioka
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kota Kakeshita
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Koike
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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2
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Rogulska K, Wojciechowska-Koszko I, Krasnodębska-Szponder B, Kwiatkowski P, Roszkowska P, Dołęgowska B, Łuczkowska K, Machaliński B, Kosik-Bogacka D. TFF3 as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Kidney Transplant Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11925. [PMID: 37569301 PMCID: PMC10418491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a protein secreted by many cell types, and its serum and urine levels vary in patients with kidney disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of TFF3 in allogeneic kidney transplant patients included in the one-year follow-up. To analyze the influence of the diagnostic method used, we studied the type of biological material and the time elapsed since renal transplantation on the parameter's value. The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between TFF3 levels and creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values in the serum and urine of the patients studied. The study used blood and urine samples from adult patients (n = 19) 24-48 h, 6 months, and 12 months after kidney transplantation. We collected one-time blood and urine from healthy subjects (n = 5) without renal disease. We applied immunoenzymatic ELISA and xMap Luminex flow fluorimetry to determine TFF3 in serum and urine. There was a significant difference in TFF3 levels in the serum of patients collected on the first one or two days after kidney transplantation compared to the control group (determined by ELISA and Luminex) and six months and one year after kidney transplantation (ELISA). We observed a correlation between creatinine concentration and urinary TFF3 concentration (ELISA and Luminex) and a negative association between eGFR and urinary (ELISA) and serum (Luminex) TFF3 concentration in patients on the first and second days after kidney transplantation. We noted significant correlations between eGFR and TFF3 levels in the serum and urine of patients determined by the two methods six months and one year after transplantation. In women, we observed that urinary TFF3 concentration increased significantly with increasing creatinine and that with increasing eGFR, urinary TFF3 concentration determined by two methods decreased significantly. In the present study, the choice of diagnostic method for the determination of TFF3 in serum and urine significantly affected the concentration of this biomarker. The values of this parameter determined by ELISA were higher than those assessed using the Luminex assay. Based on the presented results, we can conclude that TFF3 has great potential to monitor renal transplant patients. Determination of this protein in parallel with creatinine and eGFR levels in serum and urine may provide helpful diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Rogulska
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.)
| | - Iwona Wojciechowska-Koszko
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.)
| | - Barbara Krasnodębska-Szponder
- Immunology Laboratory, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 2, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Kwiatkowski
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.)
| | - Paulina Roszkowska
- Department of Diagnostic Immunology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.R.)
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Danuta Kosik-Bogacka
- Independent Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Román-Fernández IV, Machado-Contreras JR, Muñoz-Valle JF, Cruz A, Salazar-Camarena DC, Palafox-Sánchez CA. Altered PTPN22 and IL10 mRNA Expression Is Associated with Disease Activity and Renal Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112859. [PMID: 36428917 PMCID: PMC9689646 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with very heterogeneous clinical behavior between affected individuals. Therefore, the search for biomarkers clinically useful for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the disease is necessary. Here, we determined the association between PTPN22, IL10, OAS2, and CD70 mRNA expression with the clinical characteristics and with the serum levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-17 in SLE patients. Forty patients with SLE and 34 control subjects (CS) were included, mRNA expression was determined by real-time qPCR and cytokine levels were quantified by a multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Compared to CS, SLE patients showed increased IL10 mRNA and high IL-10 and IL-17 serum levels; in contrast, PTPN22 mRNA and IFN-γ were decreased. PTPN22 and IL10 gene expression was negatively correlated with Mex-SLEDAI score and were notably downregulated in SLE patients with lupus nephritis. Interestingly, SLE patients with renal damage were the ones with the lowest levels of PTPN22 and IL10 mRNA and the highest SLEDAI scores. No associations were observed for OAS2 and CD70 mRNA and IL-10, IL-17, and IFN-γ. In conclusion, we suggest that the assessment of IL10 and PTPN22 mRNA could be useful for monitoring disease activity in SLE patients showing renal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilce Valeria Román-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Jesús René Machado-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21000, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Diana Celeste Salazar-Camarena
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud, Guadalajara 45170, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Melamud MM, Ermakov EA, Boiko AS, Kamaeva DA, Sizikov AE, Ivanova SA, Baulina NM, Favorova OO, Nevinsky GA, Buneva VN. Multiplex Analysis of Serum Cytokine Profiles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213829. [PMID: 36430309 PMCID: PMC9695219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in cytokine profiles and cytokine networks are known to be a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, cytokine profiles research studies are usually based on the analysis of a small number of cytokines and give conflicting results. In this work, we analyzed cytokine profiles of 41 analytes in patients with SLE and MS compared with healthy donors using multiplex immunoassay. The SLE group included treated patients, while the MS patients were drug-free. Levels of 11 cytokines, IL-1b, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15, MCP-1/CCL2, Fractalkine/CX3CL1, MIP-1a/CCL3, MIP-1b/CCL4, and TNFa, were increased, but sCD40L, PDGF-AA, and MDC/CCL22 levels were decreased in SLE patients. Thus, changes in the cytokine profile in SLE have been associated with the dysregulation of interleukins, TNF superfamily members, and chemokines. In the case of MS, levels of 10 cytokines, sCD40L, CCL2, CCL3, CCL22, PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, EGF, IL-8, TGF-a, and VEGF, decreased significantly compared to the control group. Therefore, cytokine network dysregulation in MS is characterized by abnormal levels of growth factors and chemokines. Cross-disorder analysis of cytokine levels in MS and SLE showed significant differences between 22 cytokines. Protein interaction network analysis showed that all significantly altered cytokines in both SLE and MS are functionally interconnected. Thus, MS and SLE may be associated with impaired functional relationships in the cytokine network. A cytokine correlation networks analysis revealed changes in correlation clusters in SLE and MS. These data expand the understanding of abnormal regulatory interactions in cytokine profiles associated with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M. Melamud
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S. Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Daria A. Kamaeva
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexey E. Sizikov
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia M. Baulina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga O. Favorova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-27
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5
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Wakiya R, Ueeda K, Shimada H, Nakashima S, Kameda T, Miyatake N, Kato M, Miyagi T, Sugihara K, Mizusaki M, Mino R, Kadowaki N, Dobashi H. Supplemental hydroxychloroquine therapy regulates adipokines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with stable disease. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:3345-3353. [PMID: 35849246 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a higher frequency of atherosclerotic lesions is associated with poor prognosis. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been reported to improve the lifespan and the prognosis of dyslipidaemia in patients with SLE, but the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the effect of supplemental HCQ treatment on the levels of serum cytokines associated with atherosclerosis in patients with stable SLE. METHODS Patients with SLE who received supplemental HCQ and maintained low disease activity between January 2016 and September 2020 were included in this study. Disease activity was assessed using Safety of Estrogens in Lupus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index, Cutaneous Lupus Erythematous Disease Area and Severity Index, and Lupus Low Disease Activity State. Serum complement titres, anti-dsDNA antibodies, and serum cytokines (adiponectin, resistin, and leptin) were analyzed before and after HCQ treatment. RESULTS Forty-one patients (4 males and 37 females, mean age 41.3 ± 13.2 years) were included. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly increased after 3 months of HCQ treatment compared to baseline, and serum resistin levels were significantly reduced. The change in serum resistin level after HCQ administration was correlated with a significant reduction in serum TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1RA levels. CONCLUSIONS Supplemental HCQ treatment in patients with SLE improved adipokine levels. HCQ may improve prognosis by controlling disease activity in SLE and reducing risk factors for atherosclerosis. Key Points • Hydroxychloroquine has been reported to improve the prognosis of dyslipidaemia in patients with SLE, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. • In this study, hydroxychloroquine improved adipokine levels in patients with SLE, implicating adipokines as a potential mechanism underlying the benefit of hydroxychloroquine on dyslipidaemia. • Supplemental hydroxychloroquine should be considered in patients with SLE harboring lipid abnormalities and risk factors for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Wakiya
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Kiyo Ueeda
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shimada
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nakashima
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kameda
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyatake
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mikiya Kato
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Taichi Miyagi
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koichi Sugihara
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mao Mizusaki
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Rina Mino
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Dobashi
- Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Xu WD, Huang Q, Yang C, Li R, Huang AF. GDF-15: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926373. [PMID: 35911685 PMCID: PMC9332889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a rheumatic disease. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily. To date, association of GDF-15 with SLE pathogenesis is not clarified. This study discussed GDF-15 serum levels and gene polymorphisms in SLE patients and lupus mouse model further demonstrated the role of GDF-15 in lupus development. We conducted two independent case-control studies for SLE patients. One is to evaluate serum levels of GDF-15 in 54 SLE patients and 90 healthy controls, and the other one is to analyze gene polymorphisms of GDF-15 in 289 SLE patients and 525 healthy controls. Serum levels of GDF-15 were detected by ELISA. GDF-15 gene polymorphisms (rs1055150, rs1058587, rs1059519, rs1059369, rs1227731, rs4808793, and rs16982345) were genotyped by the Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) method. Addition of recombinant GDF-15 into pristane-induced lupus mice evaluated histological and serological changes. Results showed that serum levels of GDF-15 were overexpressed in SLE patients and associated with disease activity. Polymorphisms rs1055150, rs1059369, rs1059519, and rs4808793 of GDF-15 gene were related to SLE risk. Lupus mice showed splenomegaly, severe histological scores, and high levels of autoantibodies [antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and total immunoglobulin G (IgG)], whereas administration of GDF-15 into lupus mice reduced the histological changes. Percentages of CD8+, CD11b+, CD19+, CD11C+ cells, TH2 cells, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-21, and IL-22) were reduced after GDF-15 treatment in lupus mice. In conclusion, GDF-15 was related to lupus pathogenesis and inhibited lupus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chan Yang
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - An-Fang Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: An-Fang Huang,
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Tan XY, Jing HY, Ma YR. Interleukin-33/ Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 in Renal Fibrosis: Emerging Roles in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Physiol 2022; 12:792897. [PMID: 35046838 PMCID: PMC8761767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.792897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem that affects more than 10% of the population worldwide and has a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is necessary to identify novel treatment strategies for CKD. Incidentally, renal fibrosis plays a central role in the progression of CKD to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The activation of inflammatory pathways leads to the development of renal fibrosis. In fact, interleukin-33 (IL-33), a newly discovered member of the interleukin 1 (IL-1) cytokine family, is a crucial regulator of the inflammatory process. It exerts pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects via the suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) receptor, which, in turn, activates other inflammatory pathways. Although the role of this pathway in cardiac, pulmonary, and hepatic fibrotic diseases has been extensively studied, its precise role in renal fibrosis has not yet been completely elucidated. Recent studies have shown that a sustained activation of IL-33/ST2 pathway promotes the development of renal fibrosis. However, with prolonged research in this field, it is expected that the IL-33/ST2 pathway will be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for renal diseases. In addition, the IL-33/ST2 pathway seems to be a new target for the future treatment of CKD. Here, we review the mechanisms and potential applications of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in renal fibrosis; such that it can help clinicians and researchers to explore effective treatment options and develop novel medicines for CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Yue Jing
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Rong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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8
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Wang S, Chi K, Wu D, Hong Q. Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:807119. [PMID: 35002740 PMCID: PMC8728008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.807119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The seven members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein family (IGFBPs) were initially considered to be the regulatory proteins of IGFs in the blood circulation, mainly as the subsequent reserve for bidirectional regulation of IGF function during environmental changes. However, in recent years, IGFBPs has been found to have many functions independent of IGFs. The role of IGFBPs in regulating transcription, inducing cell migration and apoptosis is closely related to the occurrence and development of kidney disease. IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4 are closely associated with diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, IGFBP-5, IGFBP-6 are involved in different kidney disease such as diabetes, FSGS and CKD physiological process as apoptosis proteins, IGFBP-7 has been used in clinical practice as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of AKI. This review focuses on the differential expression and pathogenesis of IGFBPs in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.,Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
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