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Pan X, Xu H, Ding Z, Luo S, Li Z, Wan R, Jiang J, Chen X, Liu S, Chen Z, Chen X, He B, Deng M, Zhu X, Xian S, Li J, Wang L, Fang H. Guizhitongluo Tablet inhibits atherosclerosis and foam cell formation through regulating Piezo1/NLRP3 mediated macrophage pyroptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155827. [PMID: 38955059 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Vascular inflammation is an important factor in the formation of AS, and macrophage pyroptosis plays a key role in AS due to its unique inflammatory response. Guizhitongluo Tablet (GZTLT) has shown clinically effective in treating patients with AS, but its mechanism is elusive. PURPOSE This study was to determine the effects of GZTLT on atherosclerotic vascular inflammation and pyroptosis and to understand its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The active constituents of GZTLT were analysed by means of UPLC-HRMS. In vivo experiments were performed using ApoE-/- mice fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks, followed by treatment with varying concentrations of GZTLT orally by gavage and GsMTx4 (GS) intraperitoneally and followed for another 8 weeks. Oil red O, Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining were employed to examine the lipid content, plaque size, and collagen fibre content of the mouse aorta. Immunofluorescence staining was utilised to identify macrophage infiltration, as well as the expression of Piezo1 and NLRP3 proteins in aortic plaques. The levels of aortic inflammatory factors were determined using RT-PCR and ELISA. In vitro, foam cell formation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was observed using Oil Red O staining. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements were performed to detect the calcium influx in BMDMs, and the expression of NLRP3 and its related proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The UPLC-HRMS analysis revealed 31 major components of GZTLT. Our data showed that GZTLT inhibited aortic plaque formation in mice and increased plaque collagen fibre content to stabilise plaques. In addition, GZTLT could restrain the expression of serum lipid levels and suppress macrophage foam cell formation. Further studies found that GZTLT inhibited macrophage infiltration in aortic plaques and suppressed the expression of inflammatory factors. It is noteworthy that GZTLT can restrain Piezo1 expression and reduce Ca2+ influx in BMDMs. Additionally, we found that GZTLT could regulate NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis by inhibiting Piezo1. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that GZTLT inhibits vascular inflammation and macrophage pyroptosis through the Piezo1/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby delaying AS development. Our finding provides a potential target for AS treatment and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Pan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ding
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, China
| | - Shangfei Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, China
| | - Rentao Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jintao Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Silin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Bin He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Mengting Deng
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, China
| | - Shaoxiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Lingjun Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, China.
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Arammi S, Sahragard M, Seyed A, Salehi O, Hosseini SA, Mosallanezhad Z. The effects of swimming training at different temperatures along with cinnamon supplementation on liver enzymes and thyroid hormones in diabetic rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:126-137. [PMID: 38948171 PMCID: PMC11210701 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of swimming (S) training in water at 5°C (S5C) and 35°C (S35C) along with cinnamon (Cin) supplementationon liver enzymes and thyroid hormones in streptozotocin (STZ(-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental trial, 48 diabetic rats (55 mg/kg STZ) were divided into (1) diabetic control (CD), (2) S5C, (3) S5C+Cin, (4) S35C, (5) S35C+Cin and (6) Cin groups.Eight rats were placed in the healthy control (HC) group to evaluate the effects of diabetes induction on the research variables. Swimming training was performed at 5±2°C and 35±2°C for eight weeks, 3 days a week.For Cin supplementation, 200 mg/kg/day of the aqueous extract of cinnamon was dissolved in the animals drinking water. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post- hoc test in Graphpad Prism software was used to analyze the findings. Results S5C and S35C significantly increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(p≤0.05). TSH levels in the S35C group were higher than the S5C group (p≥0.05); ALT levels in the S5C group were lower than the S35C group (p≥0.05). Also, Cin decreased AST and ALT levels (p≥0.05), while S35C+Cin decreased T3, ALP and ALT and S5C+Cin decreased ALP (p≥0.05). Conclusion It seems that training at different temperatures and consumption of cinnamon synergistically lead to improvement of liver enzymes and modulation of thyroid hormones. However, the effect of training in cold water and its impact on thyroid hormones is still unknown and needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Arammi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbehan, Iran
| | - Massoud Sahragard
- Department of Sport Physiology, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbehan, Iran
| | - Asiye Seyed
- Department of Sport Physiology, Behbahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Behbehan, Iran
| | - Omidreza Salehi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Sport Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Mosallanezhad
- Department of Sport Physiology Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran
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El-Baz YG, Moustafa A, Ali MA, El-Desoky GE, Wabaidur SM, Iqbal A. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles for the treatment of diabetes and the related complications of hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2237-2248. [PMID: 38205769 PMCID: PMC10903233 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231214258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the impact of cinnamon silver nanoparticles (C-Ag-NPs) and cinnamon aqueous extract (CAE) on the total body weight (TBW), body weight gain (BWG), blood count (BC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density (LDL-C) and high-density (HDL-C) lipoprotein cholesterol, liver function enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. The CAE was administered to rats at different doses (50.0 and 100.0 mg/kg bw), whereas the C-Ag-NPs were ingested at doses of 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg bw for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, the administration of high or low dosages of CAE or C-Ag-NPs to diabetic rats significantly reduced the FBG, TC, TG, and LDL-C and significantly increased the HDL-C compared with the diabetic control rats. The highest dose (50.0 mg/kg bw) of the C-Ag-NPs was the most efficient at significantly reducing (P < 0.05) the levels of all the analyzed parameters compared with the CAE. However, the treated and normal rats did not show any hypoglycemic activity after ingesting the CAE or C-Ag-NPs. Such effects were associated with considerable increases in their BWG. The diabetic rats that ingested the CAE or C-Ag-NPs showed a gradual decrease in their FBG, TC, LDL, and TG levels, but they were still higher than those in the normal rats. Furthermore, the C-Ag-NPs and CAE considerably enhanced the hepatic (GPT, GOT, ALP, and GGT) and antioxidant biomarker enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in diabetic rats. Relative to the untreated diabetic control, the C-Ag-NPs were more effective than the CAE in the diabetic rats. The C-Ag-NPs exhibited a protective role against hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in the diabetic rats and modulated their liver function enzyme biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activities more than the CAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra G El-Baz
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Amr Moustafa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Gaber E El-Desoky
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikh M Wabaidur
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
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Abdelrahman IA, Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Jenoobi FI. Cinnamon modulates the pharmacodynamic & pharmacokinetic of amlodipine in hypertensive rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101737. [PMID: 37638214 PMCID: PMC10458336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cinnamon on the pharmacodynamic (PD) & pharmacokinetic (PK) of amlodipine in hypertensive rats. The hypertensive control group of Wistar rats received L-NAME (40 mg/kg, daily, orally) only. The cinnamon group of rats was treated with cinnamon (200 mg/kg, daily, orally) along with L-NAME. Following 14 days treatment period, blood pressures of rats were monitored at designated intervals over 24 h utilizing a tail-cuff system for measuring blood pressure. To assess the oral PK; amlodipine was administered as a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg to rats and blood samples were collected at specified intervals over 24 h and analysed by UPLC-LC MS/MS. Synergistic decreased in rat's blood pressure was observed in presence of cinnamon + amlodipine. Simultaneous administration of cinnamon ameliorates the Cmax and AUC0-t of amlodipine, the Cmax and AUC0-t was 11.04 ± 1.01 ng/ml and 113.76 ± 5.62 ng h/ml for the cinnamon + amlodipine group as compared to 4.12 ± 0.49 ng/ml and 48.59 ± 4.28 ng h/ml for the amlodipine alone group. The study demonstrates that the use of cinnamon considerably decreases the blood pressure levels and enhances the PK parameters of amlodipine in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I. Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Moreira LDSG, Brum IDSDC, de Vargas Reis DCM, Trugilho L, Chermut TR, Esgalhado M, Cardozo LFMF, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG, Mafra D. Cinnamon: an aromatic condiment applicable to chronic kidney disease. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2023; 42:4-26. [PMID: 36747357 PMCID: PMC9902738 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon, a member of the Lauraceae family, has been widely used as a spice and traditional herbal medicine for centuries and has shown beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. However, its effectiveness as a therapeutic intervention for chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unproven. The bioactive compounds within cinnamon, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate, can mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, gut dysbiosis, and dyslipidemia, which are common complications in patients with CKD. In this narrative review, we assess the mechanisms by which cinnamon may alleviate complications observed in CKD and the possible role of this spice as an additional nutritional strategy for this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liana Trugilho
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Tuany R. Chermut
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marta Esgalhado
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Correspondence: Peter Stenvinkel Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital M99, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail:
| | - Paul G. Shiels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil,Graduate Program in Biological Sciences – Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Das G, Gonçalves S, Basilio Heredia J, Romano A, Jiménez-Ortega LA, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Shin HS, Patra JK. Cardiovascular protective effect of cinnamon and its major bioactive constituents: An update. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Ain Q, Nawab M, Ahmad T, Kazmi MH, Naikodi MAR. Evaluating the safety and efficacy of a polyherbal Unani formulation in dyslipidaemia-a prospective randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115036. [PMID: 35114340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Unani System of Medicine offers treatment for obesity and dyslipidaemia. Jawarish Falafili (JF) is a Unani polyherbal pharmacopoeial preparation. It has been used in the treatment of obesity for a long time. Dyslipidaemia is a recognised modifiable risk factor for hypertension, ischemic heart disease and stroke. Limitations of the current conventional therapy have provided scope for research of a potential drug in this medical condition. It was hypothesised that JF may ameliorate dyslipidaemia in human participants. AIM OF THE STUDY The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the JF. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective randomized, active-controlled, open-label and parallel-group study. We randomized 74 participants of dyslipidaemia into treatment (n = 38) and control (n = 36) groups. Of them, 30 participants in each group completed the trial. The participants of any sex aged between 30 and 60 years, with serum total cholesterol (TC) ≥200 mg/dl and/or serum triglycerides (TG) ≥150 mg/dl and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level ≥130 mg/dl and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level <40 mg/dl were enrolled in this study. The participants of the treatment group were treated with JF (10 gm/day) once and atorvastatin (20 mg/day) was given to the control group for 90 days once at night daily. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction (treatment group versus control group) in mean serum TC by 22.89% versus 19.36%, TG by 29.90% versus 23.26% and LDL-C by 29.16% versus 27.92% from baseline (p < 0.05). But the change in mean serum HDL-C levels post-treatment was insignificant in both groups (p > 0.05). On intergroup comparison, the magnitude of the difference of mean TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C levels between the groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.00.05). CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that JF and atorvastatin were equally effective in controlling dyslipidaemia. They were tolerated well by all participants and found safe during the course of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurratul Ain
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
| | - Mohammad Nawab
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
| | - Tasleem Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
| | - Munawwar H Kazmi
- Department of Ilmul Advia (Pharmacology), National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
| | - Mohammed Abdul Rasheed Naikodi
- Drug Standardization Research Unit, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
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Shehata NI, Abo zeid SM, Abd El Aziz SA, Abdelgawad HM. Mitigation of streptozotocin‐induced alterations by natural agents via upregulation of
PDX1
and Ins1 genes in male rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14086. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samy A. Abd El Aziz
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Giza Egypt
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Cinnamon as Dietary Supplement Caused Hyperlipidemia in Healthy Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9892088. [PMID: 34306160 PMCID: PMC8272659 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9892088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cinnamon is a cooking spice and a medicinal herb. It is increasingly used as a health supplement due to its perceived benefit to prevent and or manage type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders. However, it is unclear if regular consumption of this medicinal plant will interfere with normal physiological functions. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of daily cinnamon supplements on glucose and lipid metabolic profiles in healthy rats. Methods Male rats (Sprague Dawley, 8 weeks) were supplied with cinnamon in their diet (equivalent to ∼1 g/day in humans) for two weeks. Blood glucose and lipid levels, as well as metabolic markers in both liver and abdominal white adipose tissue, were measured. Results Cinnamon significantly increased fat mass and blood cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, but reduced fasting blood glucose level by 12%. Liver functional enzymes were normal in rats consuming cinnamon. However, several lipid metabolic markers were impaired which may contribute to dyslipidemia, including two main switches for energy metabolism (sirtuin 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α) and the LDL receptor. However, de novo lipid synthesis enzymes and inflammatory markers were also reduced in the liver by cinnamon treatment, which may potentially prevent the development of steatosis. Markers for lipid oxidation were downregulated in fat tissue in cinnamon-treated rats, contributing to increased fat accumulation. Conclusion Daily low-dose cinnamon supplementation seems to promote abdominal adipose tissue accumulation and disturb lipid homeostasis in healthy rats, raising the concerns regarding daily use in healthy people.
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Abstract
Cinnamon is an unusual tropical plant belonging to the Lauraceae family. It has been used for hundreds of years as a flavor additive, but it has also been used in natural Eastern medicine. Cinnamon extracts are vital oils that contain biologically active compounds, such as cinnamon aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, and cinnamate. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties and is used to treat diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In folk medicine, cinnamon species have been used as medicine for respiratory and digestive disorders. Their potential for prophylactic and therapeutic use in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease has also been discovered. This review summarizes the available isolation methods and analytical techniques used to identify biologically active compounds present in cinnamon bark and leaves and the influence of these compounds in the treatment of disorders.
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Pulungan A, Pane YS. The benefit of cinnamon ( Cinnamomum burmannii) in lowering total cholesterol levels after consumption of high-fat containing foods in white mice ( Mus musculus) models. F1000Res 2021; 9:168. [PMID: 32566138 PMCID: PMC7295078 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22311.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition where cholesterol levels in the body exceed the normal range. If the condition is longer, it can cause metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The therapy of synthetic drugs has side effects that can be fatal (rhabdomyolysis). Needed to find natural remedies with minimal side effects. There are many nutritional components contained in cinnamon, such as cinnamaldehyde. The cinnamaldehyde, a substance that is thought to affect cholesterol levels. The study aims to determine the efficacy of Cinnamomum burmannii in lowering total cholesterol levels of mice (Mus musculus) given high-fat feed. Methods: This is an experimental study with a pre-post control study design. The groupings were performed by a simple random sampling method. The male mice were divided into five groups (n=6/group): 1) negative control (aquadest); 2) positive control of high-fat containing food (HFC; quail yolk); 3) HFC + cinnamon extract (CE; dose 2mg/20g body weight (BW); 4) HFC + CE (dose 4mg/20gBW); 5) HFC + CE (dose 8mg/20gBW). The study was conducted for 28 days. Consumption of quail yolk as HFC to increasing cholesterol in mice. The intervention of CE started on day 15 and ended on day 28. Measurement of total cholesterol and BW of mice was performed on days 0, 14 and 28. Results: The comparison of total cholesterol levels in the K1 group (120.3 ± 5.53 mg/dl) to K2 (107.3 ± 3.61 mg/dl), K3 (106.8 ± 4.57 mg/dl) and K4 (106.7 ± 0.51 mg/dl) showed decreased significantly different (p = 0.001) in groups consuming CE. However, there was not a significant change between groups in mice BW (p = 0.419). Conclusions: The cinnamon ( Cinnamomum burmannii) proved can be lowering of total cholesterol levels for 14 days in mice compared without given cinnamon after consumption of high-fat containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Pulungan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Yunita Sari Pane
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
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Hemdan DII, Abdulmaguid NYM. A Comparative of Nutritional Impacts of Pomegranate and Beetroot on Female Mice Bearing Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma. ARCHIVES OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.51847/sxv0cjyqdc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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