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Yang B, Zhang Z, Song J, Qi T, Zeng J, Feng L, Jia X. Interpreting the efficacy enhancement mechanism of Chinese medicine processing from a biopharmaceutic perspective. Chin Med 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38238801 PMCID: PMC10797928 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chinese medicine processing (CMP) is a unique pharmaceutical technology that distinguishes it from natural medicines. Current research primarily focuses on changes in chemical components to understand the mechanisms behind efficacy enhancement in processing. However, this paper presents a novel perspective on the biopharmaceutics of CMP. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current research, emphasizing two crucial aspects: the role of 'heat' during processing and the utilization of processing adjuvants. The paper highlights the generation of easily absorbed components through the hydrolysis of glycosides by 'heat', as well as the facilitation of dissolution, absorption, and targeted distribution of active components through the utilization of processing adjuvants. From a biopharmaceutic perspective, this paper provides a lucid comprehension of the scientific foundation for augmenting the efficacy of CMP. Moreover, it proposes a three-dimensional research framework encompassing chemical reactions, phase transitions, and biopharmaceutical properties to further investigate the mechanisms involved in enhancing the efficacy of CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Hao J, Bei J, Li Z, Han M, Ma B, Ma P, Zhou X. Qing`e Pill Inhibits Osteoblast Ferroptosis via ATM Serine/Threonine Kinase (ATM) and the PI3K/AKT Pathway in Primary Osteoporosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:902102. [PMID: 35865965 PMCID: PMC9294279 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.902102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is an aging-related disease that is the main etiology of fragility fracture. Qing’e Pill (QEP) is a mixture of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) consisting of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., Psoralea corylifolia L., Juglans regia L., and Allium sativum L. QEP has an anti-osteoporosis function, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, online databases were employed to determine the chemical compounds of QEP and potential target genes in osteoporosis. Potential pathways associated with genes were defined by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. A compound–target–disease network was constructed. Hub genes screened through Cytoscape were intersected with the FerrDB database. The potential key genes were validated in HFOB 1.19 cells, and rat models were ovariectomized through Western blot, RT-qPCR, ELISA, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses. The intersection targets of QEP and osteoporosis contained 121 proteins, whereas the target–pathway network included 156 pathways. We filtered five genes that stood out in the network analysis for experimental verification. The experiments validated that QEP exerted therapeutic effects on osteoporosis by inhibiting ferroptosis and promoting cell survival via the PI3K/AKT pathway and ATM. In conclusion, combining the application of network analysis and experimental verification may provide an efficient method to validate the molecular mechanism of QEP on osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hao
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Hao, ; Xianhu Zhou,
| | - Jiaxin Bei
- Laboratory of Interventional Radiology, Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology and Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhan Li
- School of Clinical, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Mingyuan Han
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Pengyi Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic, Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- Orthopedics Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Hao, ; Xianhu Zhou,
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Xie X, Liu Q, Zhu F, Zhang T, Xu X, Tao Y. Tracing analgesic constituents from crude and vinegar-processed resin of Boswellia carterii by integrating ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry based determination, analgesic evaluation in mice and grey relationship analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5430. [PMID: 35727297 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The analgesic effect of resin of Boswellia carterii is well-known, however, the constituents which contribute to the analgesic effect remain elusive. The current study intergrates ultrasonic assisted extraction, quantitative determination, analgesic evaluation in rats and grey relationship analysis for tracing analgesic constituents from resin of Boswellia carterii. First, a robust and precise ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approach with multiple reaction monitoring mode was developed for simultaneous quantification of seven major constituents in crude and vinegar-processed resin of Boswellia carterii. Glycyrrhetinic acid was chosen as the internal standard. The approach showed good linearity. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of each constituent were all within 3.0%. The recoveries of each constituent were in the range of 96.4 to 102.7%. The approach was then applied to determining the seven constituents in ten batches of crude and vinegar-processed resin of Boswellia carterii. Second, the analgesic effects of crude and vinegar-processed resin of Boswellia carterii were assessed in mice. Third, chemometrics methods, grey relationship analysis and partial least squares regression were employed for clarifying the relationship between the contents of seven constituents and their analgesic effect. 11-Keto-β-boswellic acid, 3-acetyl-β-boswellic acid, 3-acetyl-α-boswellic acid, 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid and β-sitosterol were identified to be the key analgesic constituents of Boswellia carterii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, China
| | - Xiangwei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, China
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Chen J, Zhu F, Pan M, Liu Q, Chen L, Tao Y. An emerging strategy for tracing the anti-erectile dysfunction components of raw and salt-processed semens of Astragali Complanati by combinatory liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative analysis, efficacy assessment on impotent rats and partial least squares regression. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1952-1959. [PMID: 35384303 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Semens of Astragali Complanati own anti-erectile dysfunction effect, however, the components which contribute to the anti-erectile dysfunction effect remain unclear. This work raised a strategy that integrating liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry-based quantitative analysis, anti-erectile dysfunction assessment on impotent rats and their relationship analysis for pinpointing anti-erectile dysfunction components from semens of Astragali Complanati. For simultaneous quantification of seven major components in raw and salt-processed semens of Astragali Complanati, an accurate and reliable liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry method was developed under multiple reaction monitoring mode. Of note, chloramphenicol was employed as the internal standard. The method showed good linearity and repeatability, where the recovery rates of each component ranged from 98.1 to 104.7%, and the precisions of intra-day and inter-day were all within 3.4%. After the method has been used for quantification of the seven major components in ten batches of raw and salt-processed semens of Astragali Complanati. Then, the anti-erectile dysfunction effects of raw and salt-processed semens of Astragali Complanati were evaluated on impotent rats. Grey relationship analysis and partial least squares regression were combined for elucidating the relationship. As a result, complanatuside, astragalin, complanatoside B and kaempferol were found to be responsible for anti-erectile dysfunction effect of Astragali Complanati. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang, 321300, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Meiling Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
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Zhang D, Fan L, Yang N, Li Z, Sun Z, Jiang S, Luo X, Li H, Wei Q, Ye X. Discovering the main "reinforce kidney to strengthening Yang" active components of salt Morinda officinalis based on the spectrum-effect relationship combined with chemometric methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114422. [PMID: 34688201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Morinda officinalis, a well-known traditional herbal medicine in China, is used to treat deficiency of kidney-yang syndrome. Although this medicine has the property of "reinforcing kidney to strengthening Yang," the chemical constituents responsible for this effect remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to identify the main active compounds responsible for reinforcing kidney to strengthening Yang, based on spectrum-effect relationships combined with chemometrics. We used the UPLC-diode array detection method to establish the chromatography fingerprint of M. officinalis. Hydrocortisone-induced and adenine-induced kidney-yang deficiency patterns were established to evaluate the efficacy of M. officinalis. Serum triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyrotropin, testosterone, cortisol, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were determined as pharmacodynamic indices. Analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weight of each index to the total pharmacodynamic contribution. Lastly, the spectrum-effect between the fingerprint and the pharmacological effects were established using grey relational analysis and partial least squares. Our findings indicated that peaks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 20 might represent the main components that positively correlated to the total effect, of which four were identified by comparison with reference standards. The identified components were monotropein (peak 1), deacetyl asperulosidic acid (peak 3), asperulosidic acid (peak 8), and asperuloside (peak 9). Our results suggest that the "reinforce kidney to strengthening Yang" effects were attributable to the combined effects of the multiple chemical components of M. officinalis and provide a valuable method to identify the active "reinforce kidney to strengthening Yang" components of M. officinalis and establish the quality control of M. officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Luodi Fan
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou 510623 China
| | - Nan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhenglei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhimeng Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - SiYi Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xinyao Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Qiong Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Lu J, Hu D, Ma C, Xu X, Shen L, Rong J, Zhao J, Shuai B. Modified Qing' e Pills exerts anti-osteoporosis effects and prevents bone loss by enhancing type H blood vessel formation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:998971. [PMID: 36147560 PMCID: PMC9485463 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.998971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the modified Qing' e Pills (MQEP) exerts anti-osteoporotic effects and prevents bone loss by enhancing angiogenesis. METHODS Network pharmacology was used to assess whether MQEP has a pro-angiogenic capacity and to predict its potential targets. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with glucocorticoids and MQEP to assess cell viability. The expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, and angiotensin converting enzyme, which are associated with the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, which are associated with the formation of type H blood vessels, were examined by western blot and RT-qPCR. Thereafter, the glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis model was established and intervened with MQEP. Femur scanning was performed with micro-computed tomography; trabecular spacing, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number were observed and calculated; the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin was detected by ELISA, and the ratio was calculated to evaluate the degree of bone resorption. Finally, type H blood vessels that were highly coupled to osteogenic cells were identified by immunohistochemistry staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS This is the first study to reveal and confirm that MQEP could prevent bone loss in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by promoting the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor, which are highly associated with type H blood vessel formation. In vitro experiments confirmed that MQEP could effectively promote the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and alleviate glucocorticoids-induced activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, thereby reducing vascular injury. CONCLUSION MQEP exerts anti-osteoporosis effects and prevents bone loss by alleviating vascular injury caused by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation and promoting type H blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhui Rong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Bo Shuai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Shuai,
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