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Choudhury J, Makkar A, Sharma V, Karamath SP, Parmar V, Kumar J P, Veligandla KC, Pinto CS, Mane A, Rathod R, Kotak BP. A Real-World Perspective of Co-amoxiclav Prescription Pattern With Probiotics for Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Tract Infections: Results of Quantitative and Qualitative Approach in Indian Outpatient Settings. Cureus 2023; 15:e36269. [PMID: 37073213 PMCID: PMC10105827 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are co-prescribed with co-amoxiclav to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). The study assesses the co-prescription pattern of probiotics with co-amoxiclav in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections (RTIs). METHODS This was a mixed methods research study with a retrospective study and a prospective survey. The retrospective part included a multicenter, observational, real-world study utilizing patients' electronic medical records for three years (2018-2020) from seven outpatient pediatric clinics and hospitals. The qualitative evaluation was performed with a predefined questionnaire. RESULTS The patients having RTIs (N=984) were prescribed Clamp® (46.7%), CAA (23.8%), and CAM (29.5%). The mean age of the patients was 4.05 years, with 59.25% males and most patients having upper RTIs. Co-amoxiclav was prescribed twice daily for one to 15 days. A significantly lesser number of probiotic co-prescriptions were observed with Clamp® (19.57%) than with CAA (38.46%) and CAM (29.31%) at baseline (p<0.001). Similar findings were observed for follow-up visits one and two. Saccharomyces boulardii, Bacillus clausii,and lactic acid bacillus were the most commonly co-prescribed probiotics. The qualitative evaluation indicated that most clinicians were aware of the co-amoxiclav-related gastrointestinal side effects and the benefits of probiotics in preventing them. CONCLUSION The frequency of co-prescriptions of probiotics with Clamp® among pediatric patients with RTIs was significantly less, potentially indicating better gastrointestinal tolerability.
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Majeda A, Nataprawira HM, Idjradinata P. Acute Lower Respiratory Infection Profile in Children at Tertiary Hospital Bandung: Is There a Difference Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic? Glob Pediatr Health 2022; 9:2333794X221085393. [PMID: 35498368 PMCID: PMC9052809 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x221085393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze differences of the prevalence and characteristics of
acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in children at tertiary hospital before
and during COVID-19 pandemic. This was an observational analytic study with
cross-sectional design involving pediatric patients based on the time of the
study which was in 1 year-prepandemic (A) and 1 year-pandemic period (B). For
period A inpatient data were retrieved from medical records and period B used
pediatric ALRI registry. The ALRI characteristics were analyzed with
significance if P < .05. Prevalence in periods A and B were
5.8% (534/9252) and 4.9% (409/8283), respectively. The characteristics of ALRI
for clinical, comorbidities, laboratory findings (NLR, TLC), and chest
radiograph showed significant differences (P < .05). ALRI as
manifestation of confirmed COVID-19 were identified in 16 (4.9%) cases.
Prevalence of ALRI in children during COVID-19 pandemic is lower compared to
before. There are differences in the characteristics of ALRI in pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allisa Majeda
- Departement of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Heda Melinda Nataprawira
- Departement of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ponpon Idjradinata
- Departement of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Kamata K, Thein KN, Di Ja L, Win NC, Win SMK, Suzuki Y, Ito A, Osada H, Chon I, Phyu WW, Aizawa Y, Ikuse T, Ota T, Kyaw Y, Tin HH, Shobugawa Y, Watanabe H, Saito R, Saitoh A. Clinical manifestations and outcome of viral acute lower respiratory infection in hospitalised children in Myanmar. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:350. [PMID: 35395744 PMCID: PMC8992414 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) remains the leading cause of death in children worldwide, and viruses have been the major cause of ALRI. In Myanmar, ALRI is associated with high morbidity and mortality in children, and detailed information on ALRI is currently lacking. METHODS This prospective study investigated the viral aetiologies, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of ALRI in hospitalised children aged 1 month to 12 years at the Yankin Children Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar from May 2017 to April 2019. The sample size was set to 300 patients for each year. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained for the patients with suspected viral ALRI; one for rapid tests for influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the other for real-time PCR for the 16 ALRI-causing viruses. Pneumococcal colonization rates were also investigated using real-time PCR. Clinical information was extracted from the medical records, and enrolled patients were categorised by age and severity for comparison. RESULTS Among the 5463 patients admitted with a diagnosis of ALRI, 570 (10.4%) were enrolled in this study. The median age of the patients was 8 months (interquartile range, 4-15 months). The most common symptoms were cough (93%) and difficulty in breathing (73%), while the most common signs of ALRI were tachypnoea (78%) and chest indrawing (67%). A total of 16 viruses were detected in 502 of 570 patients' samples (88%), with RSV B (36%) and rhinovirus (28%) being the most commonly detected. Multiple viruses were detected in 221 of 570 samples (37%) collected from 570 patients. Severe ALRI was diagnosed in 107 of 570 patients (19%), and RSV B and human rhinovirus were commonly detected. The mortality rate was 5%; influenza virus A (29%) and RSV B (21%) were commonly detected, and stunting and lack of immunization were frequently observed in such cases. Additionally, 45% (259/570) of the patients had pneumococcal colonization. CONCLUSIONS Viral ALRI in hospitalised children with a median of 8 months has significant morbidity and mortality rates in Myanmar. RSV and rhinovirus were the most commonly detected from nasopharyngeal swabs, while influenza virus and RSV were the most frequently associated with fatal cases.
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Grants
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 15fm0108009h0001, 19fm0108009h0005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kamata
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | | | - Lasham Di Ja
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nay Chi Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Su Mon Kyaw Win
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yuko Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Osada
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Irina Chon
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wint Wint Phyu
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuta Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ikuse
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ota
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yadanar Kyaw
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Thingangyun Sanpya General Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Htay Htay Tin
- Department of Medical Services, National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Yugo Shobugawa
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisami Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Research Center of Niigata University in Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Reiko Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiko Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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Abera Tessema B, Nemomssa HD, Lamesgin Simegn G. Acquisition and Classification of Lung Sounds for Improving the Efficacy of Auscultation Diagnosis of Pulmonary Diseases. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2022; 15:89-102. [PMID: 35418786 PMCID: PMC9000552 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s362407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung diseases are the third leading cause of death worldwide. Stethoscope-based auscultation is the most commonly used, non-invasive, inexpensive, and primary diagnostic approach for assessing lung conditions. However, the manual auscultation-based diagnosis procedure is prone to error, and its accuracy is dependent on the physician’s experience and hearing capacity. Moreover, the stethoscope recording is vulnerable to different noises that can mask the important features of lung sounds which may lead to misdiagnosis. In this paper, a method for the acquisition of lung sound signals and classification of the top 7 lung diseases has been proposed for improving the efficacy of auscultation diagnosis of pulmonary disease. Methods An electronic stethoscope has been constructed for signal acquisition. Lung sound signals were then collected from people with COPD, upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), pneumonia, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, asthma, and healthy people. Lung sounds were analyzed using a wavelet multiresolution analysis. To choose the most relevant features, feature selection using one-way ANOVA was performed. The classification accuracy of various machine learning classifiers was compared, and the Fine Gaussian SVM was chosen for final classification due to its superior performance. Model optimization was accomplished through the application of Bayesian optimization techniques. Results A test classification accuracy of 99%, specificity of 99.2%, and sensitivity of 99.04%, have been achieved for the 7 lung diseases using the optimized Fine Gaussian SVM classifier. Conclusion Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has the potential to be used as a decision support system for the classification of lung diseases, especially in those areas where the expertise and the means are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biruk Abera Tessema
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- School of Medicine, Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Hundessa Daba Nemomssa
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Hundessa Daba Nemomssa, Tel +251913763777, Email
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Khan MA. Epidemiological studies on lower respiratory tract infection in children in the District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43168-022-00119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of death in children globally and are transmitted by inhaling airborne droplets. The study demonstrated the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infections in children admitted to the Women and Children Hospital Bannu from February through November 2019. The cross-sectional study was conducted by obtaining indoor data from the official record maintained in the children’s wards.
Results
Males accounted for 649 (61.6%) and females 405 (38.4%) cases out of 1054 cases of the disease. Age group of ≤ 6 months showed 36.2% prevalence, followed by > 6 m ≤ 1 y (25.6%), > 1 y ≤ 2 y (17.1%), > 2 y ≤ 5 y (14.3%), > 5 ≤ 10 y (6.0%), and > 10 y ≤ 15 y (0.8%). Pediatric patients of age ≤ 2 y and ≤ 5 y contributed 78.9% and 93.3% to overall disease, respectively. The disease was at its peak in February (17.9%) while lowest in May (5.5%). The age group (≤ 6 m) was the dominant group in all months except August when replaced by the age group (> 6 m ≤ 1 y). The disease revealed higher prevalence during February-April and October-November.
Conclusions
Different age groups showed variation in the prevalence of the disease with an age group of ≤ 5 y contributing the largest share and seasonal peaks in the disease occurred. The present findings help in adopting strategies for effective control of the disease in different age groups of the children for their peak season.
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