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Yu Y, Uchida-Fukuhara Y, Weng Y, He Y, Ikegame M, Wang Z, Yoshida K, Okamura H, Qiu L. Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) Positively Regulates Adipogenic Differentiation in C3H10T1/2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087394. [PMID: 37108554 PMCID: PMC10138427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), a non-tyrosine kinase receptor for several ligands, is highly expressed in many kinds of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but its function is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the roles of full-length NRP1 and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-modifiable NRP1 in adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells. The expression of full-length NRP1 and GAG-modifiable NRP1 increased during adipogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. NRP1 knockdown repressed adipogenesis while decreasing the levels of Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Moreover, the scaffold protein JIP4 was involved in adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells by interacting with NRP1. Furthermore, overexpression of non-GAG-modifiable NRP1 mutant (S612A) greatly promoted adipogenic differentiation, accompanied by upregulation of the phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2. Taken together, these results indicate that NRP1 is a key regulator that promotes adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells by interacting with JIP4 and activating the Akt and ERK1/2 pathway. Non-GAG-modifiable NRP1 mutant (S612A) accelerates the process of adipogenic differentiation, suggesting that GAG glycosylation is a negative post-translational modification of NRP1 in adipogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Yu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yao Weng
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Yuhan He
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, China
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang 110002, China
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Li J, Gu H. Paeonol suppresses lipid formation and promotes lipid degradation in adipocytes. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:78. [PMID: 34938364 PMCID: PMC8688932 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonol can regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as thrombosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and atherosclerosis. However, its potential role and underlying mechanisms in obesity and lipid metabolism remain to be elucidated. In the present study, 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated and collected on days 4, 6 and 8. The expression levels of fatty-acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and microRNA (miR)-21 were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analyses. Cell viability was assessed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. A miR-21 mimic was constructed and transfected into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Adipocyte differentiation was detected using Oil Red O staining. The proteins CD36, glucose transporter 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and adipocyte protein 2 (Ap2) were detected using western blot analysis. The expression levels of FABP4 and miR-21 were increased in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Paeonol exhibited no effects on cell activity, whereas it inhibited the expression levels of miR-21 in the 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes. Paeonol suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its effect was partially reversed by the overexpression of miR-21. In addition, paeonol promoted the lipid degradation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, increased the expression levels of PPAR-γ and Ap2, and suppressed triglyceride synthesis in these cells. These effects were partially reversed by the overexpression of miR-21. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that paeonol may exert protective effects against lipid formation and promote lipid degradation in adipocytes. These data provide evidence of the regulatory effect of paeonol on adipocyte differentiation and highlight its pathological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Huan Gu
- Department of Cardiology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Lee SC, Lee YJ, Choi I, Kim M, Sung JS. CXCL16/CXCR6 Axis in Adipocytes Differentiated from Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates Macrophage Polarization. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123410. [PMID: 34943917 PMCID: PMC8699853 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes interact with adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) that exist as a form of M2 macrophage in healthy adipose tissue and are polarized into M1 macrophages upon cellular stress. ATMs regulate adipose tissue inflammation by secreting cytokines, adipokines, and chemokines. CXC-motif receptor 6 (CXCR6) is the chemokine receptor and interactions with its specific ligand CXC-motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) modulate the migratory capacities of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs). CXCR6 is highly expressed on differentiated adipocytes that are non-migratory cells. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms of CXCR6 in adipocytes, THP-1 human monocytes that can be polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages were co-cultured with adipocytes. As results, expression levels of the M1 polarization-inducing factor were decreased, while those of the M2 polarization-inducing factor were significantly increased in differentiated adipocytes in a co-cultured environment with additional CXCL16 treatment. After CXCL16 treatment, the anti-inflammatory factors, including p38 MAPK ad ERK1/2, were upregulated, while the pro-inflammatory pathway mediated by Akt and NF-κB was downregulated in adipocytes in a co-cultured environment. These results revealed that the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in adipocytes regulates M1 or M2 polarization and displays an immunosuppressive effect by modulating pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory pathways. Our results may provide an insight into a potential target as a regulator of the immune response via the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Yoo-Jung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea;
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-C.L.); (Y.-J.L.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-961-5132; Fax: +82-31-961-5108
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