The Use of SenseWear Armband for Assessment of Daily Energy Expenditure and the Relation to Body Fat Distribution and Nutritional Intake in Lean Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Body Composition and Its Impact on the Hormonal Disturbances in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

We investigated the relationship between selected body composition (BC) parameters and included 55 women diagnosed with PCOS and 29 women in which PCOS was excluded. Hormone concentration and BC parameters were assessed during hospitalization. Women with PCOS had higher concentration of luteinizing hormones, total testosterone, androstenedione, and Anti-Müllerian hormones compared to women that were not diagnosed with PCOS. We did not observe any significant differences in the BC parameters between both groups as well as between four PCOS phenotype subgroups. Only in the group of women with PCOS was the concentration of sex hormone binding globulin and free testosterone correlated with all investigated BC parameters. Correspondence analysis did not confirm unambiguously associations between phenotypes of PCOS and the value of BC parameters, while logistic regression revealed that increased Anti-Müllerian hormone concentration and the value of body mass index could be useful parameters in differentiating women with PCOS and women with other disorders. The ROC analysis performed on the entire group of women also confirmed that the concentration of Anti-Müllerian hormones could be a powerful parameter to categorize women as suffering from PCOS.

Obesity, but not hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance, predicts skeletal muscle mass in reproductive-aged women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 45 observational studies

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit reduced muscle insulin-mediated glucose uptake, potentially attributed to altered muscle mass; however, this is inconclusive. Altered muscle mass may aggravate PCOS complications. Our systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether PCOS alters muscle mass and function. Databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus) were searched through September 2, 2020, for studies documenting skeletal muscle mass (lean tissue mass) and function (strength) in PCOS and control groups. The primary outcome was total lean body mass (LBM) or fat-free mass (FFM). Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Forty-five studies (n = 3676 participants) were eligible. Women with PCOS had increased total (0.83 [0.08,1.58] kg; p = 0.03; I²  = 72.0%) yet comparable trunk (0.84 [-0.37,2.05] kg; p = 0.15; I²  = 73.0%) LBM or FFM versus controls. Results of meta-regression analyses showed no associations between mean differences between groups in total testosterone or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and total or trunk LBM or FFM (All: p ≥ 0.75). Mean differences in body mass index (BMI) were associated with total (0.65 [0.23,1.06] kg; p < 0.01; I²  = 56.9%) and trunk (0.56 [0.11,1.01] kg; p = 0.02; I²  = 42.8%) LBM or FFM. The PCOS subgroup with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² had greater total LBM or FFM versus controls (1.58 [0.82,2.34] kg; p < 0.01; I²  = 64.0%) unlike the PCOS subgroup with BMI < 25 kg/m² (-0.45 [-1.94,1.05] kg; p = 0.53; I²  = 69.5%). Appendicular lean mass and muscle strength data were contradictory and described narratively, as meta-analyses were impossible. Women with PCOS have higher total and trunk lean tissue mass attributed to overweight/obesity, unlike hyperandrogenism or insulin resistance.