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Duduyemi BM, Ayibor WG, Agyemang-Yeboah F. Tissue Microarray Immunohistochemical Staining for Androgen Receptor in Breast Cancer in a Ghanaian Cohort. Ann Afr Med 2024; 23:452-458. [PMID: 39034572 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_83_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the advancement in therapy, breast cancer still remains the most common malignancy in women globally due in part to its heterogeneity. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents up to 20% of all breast cancer variants, an aggressive disease with poorer outcomes compared to other breast cancer subtypes. No targeted therapies are currently approved for TNBC, and newer treatment approaches are seriously needed. Androgen receptor (AR), another hormonal receptor, is often expressed in breast cancer, and its role depends on the relative levels of circulating estrogens and androgens. This study aimed to assess the expression of AR in breast cancer in a tertiary hospital in Ghana. METHODOLOGY Immunohistochemical staining for AR was performed on tissue microarray (TMA) blocks, of which estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her-2/neu had already been done. 197 cases were suitable for the study. Results from the immunostaining were analyzed using the SPSS version 23 for descriptive statistics and correlations (χ2 and Pearson tests). RESULTS 197 TMA cases were used. TNBCs constitute 61.9% of the cancers. The majority of these tumors were grade III, ductal carcinoma NST. The mean age was 49.86 ± 14.09, and the modal age group was 40-49 years. Our cases showed 23% AR expression in triple-negative cancers. The study also established that AR is more frequently expressed in low-grade tumors compared to high-grade ones. CONCLUSION There is an appreciable level of AR expression in our cases; however, most are quadruple negative. However, AR is more frequently expressed in low-grade tumors than high-grade ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde M Duduyemi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Pathology, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - William G Ayibor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Francis Agyemang-Yeboah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Duduyemi BM, Kwakye T, Sallah L. Kaiso Expression in Triple Negative Breast Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana. Niger Med J 2024; 65:354-366. [PMID: 39022573 PMCID: PMC11249483 DOI: 10.60787/nmj-v65i3-429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer has produced more lost disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) than any other type of cancer. The prevalence of the disease, especially triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Africa is on the rise, with poor survival rates. With the great advancements in treatments of breast cancers, that of TNBC is still a challenge due to its narrowed treatment options and poor disease prognosis. This research seeks to explore the expression of kaiso in Ghanaian breast cancer and how they may modulate clinicopathological features, and disease prognosis. Methodology A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues retrieved from the archives of the pathology unit of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH). Immunohistochemistry assessment was performed on haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides selected for tissue microarray construction. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28 and Microsoft excel 2013. Results 55.3% of the cases tested negative to progesterone receptor (PR), oestrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2). There were significant associations between menopausal status and molecular subtype (p=0.010), Kaiso expression and histological diagnoses (<0.001) and Kaiso against lymphovascular invasion (0.050). However, there were no significant associations between Kaiso localization and the clinicopathological features although 63.9% of the expression was seen in the nucleus. Conclusion The study indicates that Kaiso is highly expressed in Ghanaian TNBC and likely associated with worse outcomes in aggressive tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thelma Kwakye
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Lorraine Sallah
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
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Belachew EB, Desta AF, Gebremariam TY, Deneke DB, Ashenafi S, Yeshi MM, Fenta BD, Alem AT, Alemu A, Abafogi AK, Desta T, Chanyalew M, Beshah D, Taylor L, Bauer M, Tsehay D, Girma S, Melka DS, Tessema TS, Kantelhardt EJ, Howe R. Immunohistochemistry-derived subtypes of breast cancer distribution in four regions of Ethiopia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1250189. [PMID: 38027092 PMCID: PMC10666628 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1250189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Different biological characteristics, therapeutic responses, and disease-specific outcomes are associated with different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (BC). Although there have been different studies on BC in the Ethiopian capital city of Addis Ababa, there have been few studies in other parts of the nation, and none have evaluated biological characteristics in other locations in the context of the extensive ethnic and genetic diversity found in Ethiopia. This study was carried out to evaluate the distribution of immunohistochemistry (IHC) subtypes of BCs throughout four Ethiopian regions. Methods A total of 227 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks were collected from tertiary hospitals in four Ethiopian regions between 2015 and 2021. The IHC staining was performed for subtyping, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 proliferation markers. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 43.9 years. The percentage of ER and PR-negative tumors were 48.3% and 53.2%, respectively. The IHC subtypes showed the following distribution: 33.1% triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), 27.6% luminal B, 25.2% luminal A, and 14.1% HER2 enriched. In multiple logistic regression analysis, grade III and HER2 positivity were associated with larger tumor size, and also originating from Jimma compared to Mekele. Conclusion Patients with ER-negative, PR-negative, and TNBC were found in 48.3%, 53.2%, and 33.1% of cases, respectively, showing that half the patients could potentially benefit from endocrine treatment. A considerably high prevalence of TNBC was reported in our study, demanding additional research that includes genetic predisposition factors. Additionally, aggressive tumors were found in a high percentage of younger age groups, which must be considered when planning personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmael Besufikad Belachew
- Biology Department, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adey Feleke Desta
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Yalew Gebremariam
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dinikisira Bekele Deneke
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Senait Ashenafi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melisachew Mulatu Yeshi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Addisu Alemu
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdo Kedir Abafogi
- Pathology Department, Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Desta
- Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Menberework Chanyalew
- Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Beshah
- Department of Diagnostic Laboratory, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lesley Taylor
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Marcus Bauer
- Global Health Working Group, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dareskedar Tsehay
- Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Selfu Girma
- Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Seifu Melka
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Eva J. Kantelhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Informatics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Research Directorate, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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An In Vitro Comparison of Costimulatory Domains in Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell for Breast Cancer Treatment. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:2449373. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2449373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cellular therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has emerged as a potential novel treatment for various cancers. In this study, we have generated CAR T cells targeting mucin-1 (MUC1), which is an aberrantly glycosylated antigen overexpressed on breast cancer cells. Two different signaling domains, including CD28 and 41BB, were incorporated and directly compared the superiority of different costimulatory signals. Two different CAR MUC1 constructs were transduced into primary T cells and evaluated their characteristics and antitumor activities against MUC1+ cancer cells. CAR MUC1 T cells showed high transduction efficiency and antigen specificity toward MUC1+ cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer cells. When coculturing with target cells, the transduced cells exhibited potent antitumor activity in vitro and secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Upon antigen stimulation, incorporation of the 41BB signaling domain was able to improve T cell proliferation and reduce surface PD1 expression and the upregulation of suppressive cytokines, when compared with CAR MUC1 containing the CD28 domain. Our findings show that CAR T cell targeting MUC1 can be effective against MUC1+ breast cancer cell and support the further development of CAR MUC1 T cells containing 41BB signaling in preclinical and clinical studies of breast cancer treatment.
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Riley NM, Wen RM, Bertozzi CR, Brooks JD, Pitteri SJ. Measuring the multifaceted roles of mucin-domain glycoproteins in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 157:83-121. [PMID: 36725114 PMCID: PMC10582998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mucin-domain glycoproteins are highly O-glycosylated cell surface and secreted proteins that serve as both biochemical and biophysical modulators. Aberrant expression and glycosylation of mucins are known hallmarks in numerous malignancies, yet mucin-domain glycoproteins remain enigmatic in the broad landscape of cancer glycobiology. Here we review the multifaceted roles of mucins in cancer through the lens of the analytical and biochemical methods used to study them. We also describe a collection of emerging tools that are specifically equipped to characterize mucin-domain glycoproteins in complex biological backgrounds. These approaches are poised to further elucidate how mucin biology can be understood and subsequently targeted for the next generation of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Ru M Wen
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sharon J Pitteri
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
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Mucinous metaplasia in Pten conditional knockout mice and mucin family genes as prognostic markers for prostate cancer. Life Sci 2022; 293:120264. [PMID: 35031262 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the association of mucinous metaplasia (MM) with tumor cell proliferation, androgen receptor (AR) expression and invasiveness in Pten conditional knockout mice and the prognostic value of MM markers for patients with PCa. MAIN METHODS Prostatic lobes samples from genetic engineered mouse model Ptenf/f and Pb-Cre4/Ptenf/f were submitted for histopathological analysis and tissue expression of AR, the proliferation marker Ki67, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and laminin. RNAseq data of prostatic lobes samples were analyzed searching for MM gene expression patterns. We also investigated gene and protein expression related to MM in human PCa public databases. KEY FINDINGS All knockout animals analyzed showed at least one area of stroma-invading MM, which was absent in the control animals. The tumoral regions of MM showed a proliferative index 5 times higher than other tumoral areas and low expression of the AR (less than 20% of the cells were AR-positive). Disrupted basement membrane areas were observed in MM. The mouse and human PCa transcriptomes exhibited increased expression of the MM markers such as MUC1, MUC19, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and TFF3. Gene expression profile was associated with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and with a lower probability of freedom from biochemical recurrence. SIGNIFICANCE The expression of goblet cell genes, such as MUC1, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and TFF3 have significant prognostic value for PCa patients and represent another class of potential therapeutic targets.
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