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Shen S, Zhong H, Zhou X, Li G, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Yang Y. Advances in Traditional Chinese Medicine research in diabetic kidney disease treatment. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:222-232. [PMID: 38357845 PMCID: PMC10877659 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2314705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prominent complication arising from diabetic microangiopathy, and its prevalence and renal impact have placed it as the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has the distinct advantage of multifaceted and multilevel therapeutic attributes that show efficacy in improving clinical symptoms, reducing proteinuria, protecting renal function, and slowing DKD progression. Over recent decades, extensive research has explored the mechanisms of TCM for preventing and managing DKD, with substantial studies that endorse the therapeutic benefits of TCM compounds and single agents in the medical intervention of DKD. OBJECTIVE This review lays the foundation for future evidence-based research efforts and provide a reference point for DKD investigation. METHODS The relevant literature published in Chinese and English up to 30 June 2023, was sourced from PubMed, Cochrane Library, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP), Wanfang Data, CNKI, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM). The process involved examining and summarizing research on TCM laboratory tests and clinical randomized controlled trials for DKD treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The TCM intervention has shown the potential to inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and various growth factors, lower blood glucose levels, and significantly affect insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and improved renal function. Furthermore, the efficacy of TCM can be optimized by tailoring personalized treatment regimens based on the unique profiles of individual patients. We anticipate further rigorous and comprehensive clinical and foundational investigations into the mechanisms underlying the role of TCM in treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Huiyun Zhong
- School of Medicine and Food, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ziyang People’s Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
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Zheng H, Zeng J, Bi P, Xu W, Yang Y, Chen H, Jin D. Integrated network analysis and experimental verification of the mechanisms employed by Compound Jixuecao Decoction to improve endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in chronic renal failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117959. [PMID: 38423413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Compound Jixuecao Decoction (CJD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine prescribed in China to treat chronic renal failure (CRF). Previous studies have shown that CJD affects cell apoptosis and proliferation. However, the mechanism of its renal protective action has not been characterized. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the mechanism(s) underlying the effect of CJD on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and apoptosis in the treatment of CRF using network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and in vivo studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds comprising CJD were extracted from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database. A Swiss target prediction database and similarity integration approach were employed to identify potential targets of these components. The GeneCards and DisGeNET databases were used to identify targets associated with CRF, apoptosis, and ERS. The STRING database was employed to analyze the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) associated with drug-disease crossover. A chemical composition-shared target network was established, and critical pathways were identified through gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. The Protein Data Bank database was used to search key proteins, while molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed between the top four CJD active ingredients and proteins involved in apoptosis and ERS in CRF. Subsequent in vivo studies using a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of CRF were performed to verify the findings. RESULTS The 80 compounds identified in CJD yielded 875 target genes, of which 216 were potentially related to CRF. PPI network analysis revealed key targets via topology filtering. Enrichment analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation results suggested that CJD primarily targets mitofusin-2 (MFN2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2), BAX, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) during CRF treatment. In vivo, CJD significantly increased the abundance of MFN2, BCL2, and significantly reduced the abundance of BAX, PERK, CHOP proteins in kidney tissues, indicating that CJD could improve apoptosis and ERS in CRF rats. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that CJD effectively delays CFR through modulation of the MFN2 and PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Jiali Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Peng Bi
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Wanyue Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yazhen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
| | - De Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
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Hambali A, Jusril NA, Md Hashim NF, Abd Manan N, Adam SK, Mehat MZ, Adenan MI, Stanslas J, Abdul Hamid H. The Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica and Its Fractions Exert Antioxidative and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects on Microglial Cells and Regulate the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S119-S138. [PMID: 38250772 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can aggravate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Centella asiatica has been traditionally consumed for memory and cognition. The triterpenes (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid) have been standardized in the ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica (SECA). The bioactivity of the triterpenes in different solvent polarities of SECA is still unknown. Objective In this study, the antioxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of SECA and its fractions were explored on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced microglial cells. Methods HPLC measured the four triterpenes in SECA and its fractions. SECA and its fractions were tested for cytotoxicity on microglial cells using MTT assay. NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), ROS, and MDA (lipid peroxidation) produced by LPS-induced microglial cells were measured by colorimetric assays and ELISA. Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions were measured using western blotting. Results The SECA and its fractions were non-toxic to BV2 microglial cells at tested concentrations. The levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS, and lipid peroxidation in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by SECA and its fractions. SECA and some of its fractions can activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway by significantly enhancing (p < 0.05) the Nrf2 and HO-1 protein expressions. Conclusions This study suggests that the inhibitory activity of SECA and its fractions on pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress events may be the result of the activation of antioxidant defense systems. The potential of SECA and its fractions in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress can be further studied as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqilah Hambali
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Atiqah Jusril
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nizar Abd Manan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khadijah Adam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Zulfadli Mehat
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ilham Adenan
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pahang, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hafizah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rivadeneyra-Domínguez E, Zamora-Bello I, Castañeda-Morales JM, Díaz-Vallejo JJ, Rosales-Sánchez Ó, Rodríguez-Landa JF. The standardized extract of Centella asiatica L. Urb attenuates the convulsant effect induced by lithium/pilocarpine without affecting biochemical and haematological parameters in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:343. [PMID: 37759286 PMCID: PMC10523769 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Status epilepticus (SE) is a type of epileptic activity characterized by a failure of the inhibitory mechanisms that limit seizures, which are mainly regulated by the GABAergic system. This imbalance increases glutamatergic neurotransmission and consequently produces epileptic activity. It is also associated with oxidative stress due to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defences. Unfortunately, long-term treatment with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) may produce hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and haematological alterations. In this way, some secondary metabolites of plants have been used to ameliorate the deterioration of nervous system disorders through their antioxidant properties, in addition to their anticonvulsant effects. An example is Centella asiatica, a plant noted to have a reputed neuroprotective effect related to its antioxidant activity. However, similar to conventional drugs, natural molecules may produce side effects when consumed in high doses, which could occur with Centella asiatica. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a standardized extract of Centella asiatica L. Urb with tested anticonvulsant activity on biochemical and haematological parameters in rats subjected to lithium/pilocarpine-induced seizures. METHODS Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 7 each): vehicle (purified water), Centella asiatica (200 and 400 mg/kg), and carbamazepine (CBZ) (300 mg/kg) as a pharmacological control of anticonvulsant activity. Treatments were administered orally every 24 h for 35 consecutive days. On Day 36, SE was induced using the lithium/pilocarpine model (3 mEq/kg, i.p. and 30 mg/kg s.c., respectively), and the behavioural and biochemical effects were evaluated. RESULTS Centella asiatica 400 mg/kg increased the latency to the first generalized seizure and SE onset and significantly reduced the time to the first generalized seizure compared to values in the vehicle group. Biochemical parameters, i.e., haematic cytometry, blood chemistry, and liver function tests, showed no significant differences among the different treatments. CONCLUSION The dose of Centella asiatica that produces anticonvulsant activity in the lithium/pilocarpine model devoid of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and alterations in haematological parameters suggests that the standardized extract of this plant could be of utility in the development of new safe therapies for the treatment of convulsions associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isaac Zamora-Bello
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | | | - Óscar Rosales-Sánchez
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa
- Facultad de Química Farmacéutica Biológica, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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Liu Y, Wang S, Jin G, Gao K, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhou K, Cai Y, Zhou X, Zhao Z. Network pharmacology-based study on the mechanism of ShenKang injection in diabetic kidney disease through Keap1/Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154915. [PMID: 37392674 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of ShenKang Injection (SKI) on the kidneys of DKD rats and its effect on oxidative stress mediated by the Keap1/Nrf2/Ho-1 signaling pathway through network pharmacology and in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS SKI drug targets were screened by TCMSP, DKD targets were screened by GenGards, OMIM, Drugbank, TTD, and Disgenet databases, and the two intersected for PPI network analysis and target prediction was performed by GO and KEGG. A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into 10 in the control group and 30 in the model group. After the model group was fed 8 W with high-sugar and high-fat diets, a DKD model was constructed by one-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). According to the weight, the model animals were randomly divided into three groups: 8 for model validation group, 8 for Irbesartan (25 mg/kg daily) group, and 8 for SKI group (5 ml/kg). Gavaged deionized water was given to the control group and the model validation group equally. The general conditions of the rats were observed, their body weights measured and their urine volumes recorded for 24 h. After the intervention of 16 W, serum was collected to detect Urea, Scr, blood lipids, and oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation indicators; Transmission electron microscopy, HE and Mallory staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of Keap1, Nrf2, Ho-1, Gpx4 proteins and mRNA in rat kidney tissues. HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into: the control group, AGEs (200 μg/ml) group and AGEs + SKI group. The cell activity of the groups was detected using CCK-8 after 48 h of cell culture, and ROS were detected using fluorescent probes. Gpx4 expression was detected by immunofluorescence, while Keap1, Nrf2, Ho-1, and Gpx4 were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS Network pharmacological analysis predicted that SKI may delay DKD kidney injury by affecting redox-related signaling pathways and mitigating AGEs-induced oxidative stress. In the animal experiment, compared with the model validation group, the general state of rats in the SKI group was improved, and 24-hour urine protein levels were significantly reduced, and the Scr in the serum was reduced. A decreasing trend was seen in Urea, and TC, TG, and LDL levels significantly decreased and the levels of ROS, LPO and MDA were significantly lowered. Pathological staining showed that renal interstitial fibrosis was significantly improved, and electron microscopy showed that foot process effacement was alleviated. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR showed decreased expression of Keap1 protein and mRNA in kidney tissues of the SKI group. Additionally, Nrf2, Ho-1, and Gpx4 proteins and mRNA were expressed significantly. In the cell experiment, after 48 h treatment with AGEs, ROS in HK-2 cells increased significantly and cell activity decreased significantly, while cell activity in AGEs + SKI group increased significantly and ROS decreased. The expression of Keap1 protein in HK-2 cells in the AGEs + SKI group decreased, while the expression of Nrf2, Ho-1 and Gpx4 proteins increased significantly. CONCLUSION SKI can protect kidney function in DKD rats, delay DKD progression, inhibit AGEs-induced oxidative stress damage in HK-2 cells, and the mechanism of SKI to improve DKD may be achieved by activating the Keap1/Nrf2/Ho-1 signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Sitong Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ge Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kun Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xinjiang Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kaidong Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanmo Cai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zongjiang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Bandopadhyay S, Mandal S, Ghorai M, Jha NK, Kumar M, Radha, Ghosh A, Proćków J, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Dey A. Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:593-608. [PMID: 36756687 PMCID: PMC9983323 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Centella asiatica is an ethnomedicinal herbaceous species that grows abundantly in tropical and sub-tropical regions of China, India, South-Eastern Asia and Africa. It is a popular nutraceutical that is employed in various forms of clinical and cosmetic treatments. C. asiatica extracts are reported widely in Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions. The major bioactive constituents of C. asiatica are the pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides, asiaticoside and madecassoside, and their corresponding aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Asiaticoside and madecassoside have been identified as the marker compounds of C. asiatica in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and these triterpene compounds offer a wide range of pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-allergic, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, antifibrotic, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti-tumour and immunomodulatory activities. Asiaticoside and madecassoside are also used extensively in treating skin abnormalities, burn injuries, ischaemia, ulcers, asthma, lupus, psoriasis and scleroderma. Besides medicinal applications, these phytocompounds are considered cosmetically beneficial for their role in anti-ageing, skin hydration, collagen synthesis, UV protection and curing scars. Existing reports and experimental studies on these compounds between 2005 and 2022 have been selectively reviewed in this article to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous therapeutic advantages of asiaticoside and madecassoside and their potential roles in the medical future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujata Mandal
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & TechnologySharda UniversityGreater NoidaIndia,Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food TechnologyChandigarh UniversityMohaliIndia,Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS)Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing DivisionICAR – Central Institute for Research on Cotton TechnologyMumbaiIndia
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental SciencesShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesSolanIndia
| | | | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental BiologyWrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocławPoland
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones científicas (CSIS)Santa Cruz de TenerifeSpain
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life SciencesPresidency UniversityKolkataIndia
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Zhang Y, Meng X, Liu K. The modulation of cAMP/PKA pathway by asiaticoside ameliorates high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2022; 54:9-16. [PMID: 35038080 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09929-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Asiaticoside, the major bioactive constituent purified from Centella asiatica, is a pentacyclic triterpene saponin with sugar moieties (glucose-glucose-rhamnose). Its biological activities including anti-inflammation and antioxidant have been widely reported. This study aimed to investigate the role of asiaticoside in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells ARPE-19 were induced by high glucose. Then, cell survival rate, expression of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were measured by MTT method, western blot, oxidative stress detection kits and TUNEL respectively. To uncover the underlying mechanism, the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) were measured by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PKA activities were detected by the Kemptide phosphorylation assay. Furthermore, cAMP inhibitor SQ22536 was also used to validate the mechanism. Asiaticoside suppressed the inflammation and apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells, and the activities of cAMP and PKA were inhibited upon HG induction while again released after further administration of asiaticoside. However, these effects were all abolished by SQ22536. In conclusion, we have demonstrated in this paper that asiaticoside ameliorates high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis of RPE cells by activating cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. asiaticoside-mediated activation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway may serve as a potential target for the management of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wanzhou aier eye hospital, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Xindan Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wanzhou aier eye hospital, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Keyu Liu
- Department of Surgery, Northern Kuanren Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yubei District, 69 Renhe Xingguang Avenue, Chongqing, 401120, China.
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Yang Z, Mo Y, Cheng F, Zhang H, Shang R, Wang X, Liang J, Liu Y, Hao B. Antioxidant Effects and Potential Molecular Mechanism of Action of Limonium aureum Extract Based on Systematic Network Pharmacology. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:775490. [PMID: 35071383 PMCID: PMC8767100 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.775490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the redox imbalance state of organisms that involves in a variety of biological processes of diseases. Limonium aureum (L.) Hill. is an excellent wild plant resource in northern China, which has potential application value for treating oxidative stress. However, there are few studies that focused on the antioxidant effect and related mechanism of L. aureum. Thus, the present study combining systematic network pharmacology and molecular biology aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of L. aureum and explore its underlying anti-oxidation mechanisms. First, the antioxidant activity of L. aureum extracts was confirmed by in vitro and intracellular antioxidant assays. Then, a total of 11 bioactive compounds, 102 predicted targets, and 70 antioxidant-related targets were obtained from open source databases. For elucidating the molecular mechanisms of L. aureum, the PPI network and integrated visualization network based on bioinformatics assays were constructed to preliminarily understand the active compounds and related targets. The subsequent enrichment analysis results showed that L. aureum mainly affect the biological processes involving oxidation-reduction process, response to drug, etc., and the interference with these biological processes might be due to the simultaneous influence on multiple signaling pathways, including the HIF-1 and ERBB signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA levels of predicted hub genes were measured by qRT-PCR to verify the regulatory effect of L. aureum on them. Collectively, this finding lays a foundation for further elucidating the anti-oxidative damage mechanism of L. aureum and promotes the development of therapeutic drugs for oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanan Mo
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianping Liang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Zhu Q, Li XH, Chen HY, Jin QY. The effects of compound centella formula on OxInflammation and silent information regulator 1 in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney disease rat model. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:962. [PMID: 34335904 PMCID: PMC8290408 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese decoction compound centella formula (CCF) is clinically effective against diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but the exact mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of CCF on OxInflammation and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) levels in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into CCF, losartan, diabetic control (DC) and normal control (NC) groups (n=7). Except for the NC, all subgroups of rats were fed a high-fat diet for 112 days and received a single intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg STZ on day 29. All rats were sacrificed on day 112. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to analyse asiaticoside, astragaloside and triptolide levels in CCF (0.3400, 0.0640 and 0.0001 mg/ml, respectively). Fasting blood glucose, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were quantified. Periodic acid Schiff staining, H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine kidney pathological changes. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT1 in renal tissues were analysed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) in renal tissues. TNF-α and NF-κB p65 subunit in renal tissues were assessed for inflammation. Compared with the rats in the NC group, the rats in the DC group exhibited renal injury with proteinuria, decreased expression levels of SIRT1 and SOD (P<0.01) and increased levels of MDA, NOX4, TNF-α and NF-κB p65 (P<0.01). CCF treatment reduced proteinuria (P<0.01), alleviated renal damage, decreased MDA, NOX4, TNF-α and NF-κB p65 levels (P<0.01), increased SOD levels (P<0.05) and increased SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression levels (P<0.01). The present study indicates that CCF effectively protects the kidney from diabetes by inhibiting OxInflammation and upregulating SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Management of Kidney Disease, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Yang Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Setyaningsih WAW, Arfian N, Fitriawan AS, Yuniartha R, Sari DCR. Ethanolic Extract of Centella asiatica Treatment in the Early Stage of Hyperglycemia Condition Inhibits Glomerular Injury and Vascular Remodeling in Diabetic Rat Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6671130. [PMID: 34326888 PMCID: PMC8277496 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked by oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction that caused diabetic nephropathy that resulted in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Vascular dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance in vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents which underlies the mechanism of vascular injury in DM. Additionally, diminished podocytes correlate with the severity of kidney injury. Podocyturia often precedes proteinuria in several kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease. Centella asiatica (CeA) is known as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and has neuroprotective effects. This research aimed to investigate the potential effect of CeA to inhibit glomerular injury and vascular remodeling in DM. METHODS The DM rat model was induced through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg body weight (BW), and then rats were divided into 1-month DM (DM1, n = 5), 2-month DM (DM2, n = 5), early DM concurrent with CeA treatment for 2 months (DMC2, n = 5), and 1-month DM treated with CeA for 1-month (DM1C1, n = 5). The CeA (400 mg/kg BW) was given daily via oral gavage. The control group (Control, n = 5) was maintained for 2 months. Finally, rats were euthanized and kidneys were harvested to assess vascular remodeling using Sirius Red staining and the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, podocytes marker, ACE2, eNOS, and ppET-1 using RT-PCR. RESULTS The DM groups demonstrated significant elevation of glucose level, glomerulosclerosis, and proteinuria. A significant reduction of SOD1 and SOD3 promotes the downregulation of nephrin and upregulation of TRPC6 mRNA expressions in rat glomerular kidney. Besides, this condition enhanced ppET-1 and inhibited eNOS and ACE2 mRNA expressions that lead to the development of vascular remodeling marked by an increase of wall thickness, and lumen wall area ratio (LWAR). Treatment of CeA, especially the DMC2 group, attenuated glomerular injury and showed the reversal of induced conditions. CONCLUSIONS Centella asiatica treatment at the early stage of diabetes mellitus ameliorates glomerulosclerosis and vascular injury via increasing antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwit A W Setyaningsih
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Akbar S Fitriawan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Respati Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55282, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Yuniartha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dwi C R Sari
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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