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Yeh TY, Luo IW, Hsieh YL, Tseng TJ, Chiang H, Hsieh ST. Peripheral Neuropathic Pain: From Experimental Models to Potential Therapeutic Targets in Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122725. [PMID: 33371371 PMCID: PMC7767346 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain exerts a global burden caused by the lesions in the somatosensory nerve system, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. The mechanisms of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain involve multiple mechanisms, various signaling pathways, and molecules. Currently, poor efficacy is the major limitation of medications for treating neuropathic pain. Thus, understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms should shed light on the development of new therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain. Several well-established in vivo pain models were used to investigate the detail mechanisms of peripheral neuropathic pain. Molecular mediators of pain are regulated differentially in various forms of neuropathic pain models; these regulators include purinergic receptors, transient receptor potential receptor channels, and voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. Meanwhile, post-translational modification and transcriptional regulation are also altered in these pain models and have been reported to mediate several pain related molecules. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms and mediators of neuropathic pain with their corresponding transcriptional regulation and post-translational modification underlying peripheral sensitization in the dorsal root ganglia. Taken together, these molecular mediators and their modification and regulations provide excellent targets for neuropathic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Yen Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
| | - I-Wei Luo
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hostpital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | | | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brian and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 88182); Fax: +886-223915292
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