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Joo NS, Shin SH, Kim KN, Lee SH, Jung S, Yeum KJ. Home Meal Replacement Fortified with Eggshell Powder and Vitamin D Prevents Bone Loss in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1152. [PMID: 38674843 PMCID: PMC11054347 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies have been ongoing problems in Koreans due to a lack of food sources of calcium and vitamin D. Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 64 years (n = 25) were randomly assigned to consume three home meal replacements (HMRs)/week with (treatment) and without (control) eggshell powder and vitamin D for 6 months. Additionally, subjects who agreed to continue the study consumed the same three HMRs/week for an additional 6 months in this randomized double-blind study. We confirmed the high compliance of the study participants by analyzing carotenoids, the bioactive substances of HMRs, in the blood. The treatment group consumed an additional 261 mg/d of calcium and 10.3 μg/d of vitamin D from the HMRs, thus meeting the recommended intakes of calcium and vitamin D for Koreans. As a result of consuming fortified HMRs for 6 months, the decline in femoral neck bone density was significantly reduced in the treatment group (p = 0.035). This study indicates that inexpensive eggshell powder may be a good source of calcium for populations with low consumption of milk and dairy products. Additionally, functional HMRs fortified with eggshell powder and vitamin D can be a good dietary strategy for bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Seok Joo
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (N.-S.J.); (K.-N.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.J.)
| | - So-Hui Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyu-Nam Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (N.-S.J.); (K.-N.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Seok-Hoon Lee
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (N.-S.J.); (K.-N.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Susie Jung
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (N.-S.J.); (K.-N.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea;
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Souza ASND, Schmidt HDO, Pagno C, Rodrigues E, Silva MASD, Flôres SH, Rios ADO. Influence of cultivar and season on carotenoids and phenolic compounds from red lettuce influence of cultivar and season on lettuce. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111110. [PMID: 35400402 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents complete HPLC profiles and MS spectrometric data of bioactive compounds from four cultivars of red lettuce produced in winter and summer and their antioxidant capacity. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, where red curly lettuce was cultivated: Mila, Maira, Carmin and Scarlet. The cultivar and season have not influenced the qualitative profile of carotenoids (CAR) and phenolic compounds (PC) of red lettuce. Instead, the season influenced the concentration of these components in all cultivars. The levels of phenolic compounds were significantly higher in winter, while the levels of carotenoids were higher in summer. Ten anthocyanins were identified (cyanidins and delphinidins). The main carotenoid found was the all-trans-β-carotene (45-48%), followed by lutein (13-20%) and zeaxanthin (11-15%). Major phenolic compounds include 5-caffeoylquinic acid, rutin and amentoflavone. Red lettuce cultivars have their main bioactive compounds described and compared within the variety and within the growing season. Different season and different lettuce cultivars may differ in the content of their bioactive compounds and in their antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sandra Nascimento de Souza
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.212, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Helena de Oliveira Schmidt
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.212, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pagno
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.212, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.212, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Magnolia Aparecida Silva da Silva
- Department of Horticulture and Forestry, Agronomy University of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 9154-000, Brazil
| | - Simone Hickmann Flôres
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.212, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Oliveira Rios
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Prédio 43.212, Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91501-970, Brazil.
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