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Zhang Y, Liu SJ. Cordyceps as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:102-114. [PMID: 38494355 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the challenges in managing atherosclerosis, researchers continue to investigate new treatments and complementary therapies. Cordyceps is a traditional Chinese medicine that has recently gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of cordyceps in treating atherosclerosis through various pharmacological actions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, lowering cholesterol, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and modulating apoptosis or autophagy in vascular endothelial cells. Notably, the current misuse of the terms cordyceps and Ophiocordyceps sinensis has caused confusion among researchers, and complicated the current academic research on cordyceps. This review focuses on the chemical composition, pharmacological actions, and underlying mechanisms contributing to the anti-atherosclerotic effects of cordyceps and the mycelium of Ophiocordyceps spp. This review provides a resource for the research on the development of new drugs for atherosclerosis from cordyceps. Please cite this article as: Zhang Y, Liu SJ. Cordyceps as potential therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(2): 102-114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Marxism, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Jing Liu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases with Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China.
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Taghizadeh M, Jalili S. Phytochemical content, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial activities of Centella asiatica L. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37708329 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2258439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study is an evaluation of Centella asiatica ethanolic extract in terms of total phenolic content, total flavonoids, total flavonols, anthocyanin, antioxidants, and antibacterial activities. Centella asiatica plants were collected from Guilan province, Iran. High-performance liquid chromatography-Diode array detector analysis demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of C. asiatica contained phenolic substances such as sinapic acid, catechin, quercetin, p-coumaric acid, hesperidin, eugenol, and hesperetin. The predominant phenolic compound in the extract was hesperetin. The antibacterial activities of the extract were highly potent against S. aureus and B. cereus. These findings suggest that C. asiatica is rich in phenolic compounds and can be utilised for future cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Taghizadeh
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Jalili
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Yu J, Hu Y, Sheng M, Gao M, Guo W, Zhang Z, Wang D, Wu X, Li J, Chen Y, Zhao W, Liu C, Cui X, Chen X, Zhao C, Chen H, Xiao J, Chen S, Luo C, Xu L, Gu X, Ma X. Selective PPARγ modulator diosmin improves insulin sensitivity and promotes browning of white fat. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103059. [PMID: 36841479 PMCID: PMC10033317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, glucolipid metabolism, and inflammation. Thiazolidinediones are PPARγ full agonists with potent insulin-sensitizing effects, whereas their oral usage is restricted because of unwanted side effects, including obesity and cardiovascular risks. Here, via virtual screening, microscale thermophoresis analysis, and molecular confirmation, we demonstrate that diosmin, a natural compound of wide and long-term clinical use, is a selective PPARγ modulator that binds to PPARγ and blocks PPARγ phosphorylation with weak transcriptional activity. Local diosmin administration in subcutaneous fat (inguinal white adipose tissue [iWAT]) improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated obesity via enhancing browning of white fat and energy expenditure. Besides, diosmin ameliorated inflammation in WAT and liver and reduced hepatic steatosis. Of note, we determined that iWAT local administration of diosmin did not exhibit obvious side effects. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that iWAT local delivery of diosmin protected mice from diet-induced insulin resistance, obesity, and fatty liver by blocking PPARγ phosphorylation, without apparent side effects, making it a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yepeng Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maozheng Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiu Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdi Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, The Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinran Ma
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, China.
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Osama H, Hamed EO, Mahmoud MA, Abdelrahim MEA. The Effect of Hesperidin and Diosmin Individually or in Combination on Metabolic Profile and Neuropathy among Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Diet Suppl 2022; 20:749-762. [PMID: 35946912 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence supports the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with neuropathy. Limited data are available on proper strategies to control metabolic disorders and neuropathy among patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to determine hesperidin and diosmin efficacy individually and in combination among T2DM patients with neuropathy and meet MetS criteria. In this parallel-group designed trial, 129 T2DM patients with MetS and neuropathy were recruited and randomized to receive their oral hypoglycemics with either hesperidin (1g/day), or diosmin (1g/day), or combination of both or oral hypoglycemics without intervention for 12 weeks. Diabetic neuropathy was evaluated using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) at baseline and after trial. Anthropometric parameters, blood glucose and lipid profile were also assessed before and after the intervention using paired student t-test within groups. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05243238. By completion of the trial duration, both hesperidin and diosmin groups showed significant reduction in blood glucose, triglycerides (TGs) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) from baseline (p<0.05). However, the magnitude of improvement in metabolic components significantly increased with hesperidin and diosmin combination. Although MNSI scores improved significantly in both groups, the reduction was more significant with the combination of hesperidin and diosmin. Moreover, the change in MNSI score was significantly correlated with the improvement in metabolic profile components including LDL, TGs and fasting blood glucose. Oral supplementation of hesperidin and diosmin was associated with improvement in metabolic syndrome and diabetic neuropathy and the combination of both was superior in efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnaa Osama
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ehdaa O Hamed
- Department of Chemistry, Toxicology And Nutritional Deficiency, Toxicology Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), El-Fayoum Governorate Laboratory, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed E A Abdelrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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