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Guedes Lúcio H, Grancieri M, David Medina Martinez O, Celi Lopes Toledo R, Beserra de Menezes C, Maria Brunoro Costa N, Aparecida Vieira Queiroz V, Pereira da Silva B, Stampini Duarte Martino H. Dry heat whole Sorghum BRS 305 flour modulate satiety and improves antioxidant response in brain of Wistar rats fed with high-fat high-fructose diet. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113252. [PMID: 37803565 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum BRS 305 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a cereal with high tannins and anthocyanins content and keep better the resistant starch when submitted to dry heat treatment. Our objective was to investigate the effects of BRS 305 dry heat treatment whole sorghum flour on satiety and antioxidant response in brain and adipose tissue of Wistar rats fed with a high fat high fructose diet (HFHF). Male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: control (n = 8) and HFHF (n = 16) for eight weeks. After, animals of HFHF group were divided: HFHF (n = 8) and HFHF + BRS 305 sorghum whole flour (n = 8), for 10 weeks. Sorghum consumption reduced gene expression of leptin, resistin, and endocannabinoid receptor 1 type (CB1) in adipose and brain tissues compared to HFHF group. In brain, sorghum consumption also promotes reduction in neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression. BRS305 sorghum consumption improved gene expression of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in adipose tissue, and in the brain increased heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), erythroid-derived nuclear factor 2 (NRF2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity compared to HFHF. In silicoanalysis showed interaction with PPARα, CB1, and leptin receptors. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) concentrations in group HFHF + sorghum did not differ from HFHF group. Advanced glycation end products receptors (RAGEs) concentrations did not differ among experimental groups. Then, BRS 305 sorghum submitted to dry treatment was able to modulate gene expression of markers related to satiety and improve antioxidant capacity of rats fed with HFHF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haira Guedes Lúcio
- Nutrition and Health Department. Federal University of Viçosa. Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG Zip Code: 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Grancieri
- Nutrition and Health Department. Federal University of Viçosa. Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG Zip Code: 36.570-900, Brazil; Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, Centro, Alegre, ES Zip Code: 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Oscar David Medina Martinez
- Nutrition and Health Department. Federal University of Viçosa. Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG Zip Code: 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Celi Lopes Toledo
- Nutrition and Health Department. Federal University of Viçosa. Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG Zip Code: 36.570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa
- Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, Centro, Alegre, ES Zip Code: 29500-000, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara Pereira da Silva
- Nutrition and Health Department. Federal University of Viçosa. Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG Zip Code: 36.570-900, Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Nutrition and Health Department. Federal University of Viçosa. Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, MG Zip Code: 36.570-900, Brazil.
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Kothawade SM, Buttar HS, Tuli HS, Kaur G. Therapeutic potential of flavonoids in the management of obesity-induced Alzheimer's disease: an overview of preclinical and clinical studies. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2813-2830. [PMID: 37231172 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic that affects people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds. It can lead to a plethora of disorders, including diabetes mellitus, renal dysfunction, musculoskeletal problems, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative abnormalities. Obesity has also been linked to neurological diseases such as cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), caused by oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the production of reactive oxygen free radicals (ROS). Secretion of insulin hormone is impaired in obese people, leading to hyperglycaemia and increased accumulation of amyloid-β in the brain. Acetylcholine, a key neurotransmitter necessary for forming new neuronal connections in the brain, decreases in AD patients. To alleviate acetylcholine deficiency, researchers have proposed dietary interventions and adjuvant therapies that enhance the production of acetylcholine and assist in the management of AD patients. Such measures include dietary intervention with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid-rich diets, which have been found to bind to tau receptors, reduce gliosis, and reduce neuroinflammatory markers in animal models. Furthermore, flavonoids like curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, morin, delphinidins, quercetin, luteolin, and oleocanthal have shown to cause significant reductions in interleukin-1β, increase BDNF levels, stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis and synapse formation, and ultimately prevent the loss of neurons in the brain. Thus, flavonoid-rich nutraceuticals can be a potential cost-effective therapeutic option for treating obesity-induced AD, but further well-designed, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical studies are needed to assess their optimal dosages, efficacy, and long-term safety of flavonoids in humans. The main objectives of this review are to underscore the therapeutic potential of different nutraceuticals containing flavonoids that can be added in the daily diet of AD patients to enhance acetylcholine and reduce neuronal inflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi M Kothawade
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai-56, Maharashtra, India
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Haryana, Mullana, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai-56, Maharashtra, India.
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Wu L, Hu J, Yi X, Lv J, Yao J, Tang W, Zhang S, Wan M. Gut microbiota interacts with inflammatory responses in acute pancreatitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231202133. [PMID: 37829561 PMCID: PMC10566291 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231202133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common acute abdominal conditions, and its incidence has been increasing for years. Approximately 15-20% of patients develop severe AP (SAP), which is complicated by critical inflammatory injury and intestinal dysfunction. AP-associated inflammation can lead to the gut barrier and function damage, causing dysbacteriosis and facilitating intestinal microbiota migration. Pancreatic exocrine deficiency and decreased levels of antimicrobial peptides in AP can also lead to abnormal growth of intestinal bacteria. Meanwhile, intestinal microbiota migration influences the pancreatic microenvironment and affects the severity of AP, which, in turn, exacerbates the systemic inflammatory response. Thus, the interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the inflammatory response may be a key pathogenic feature of SAP. Treating either of these factors or breaking their interaction may offer some benefits for SAP treatment. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of interaction of the GM and inflammation in AP and factors that can deteriorate or even cure both, including some traditional Chinese medicine treatments, to provide new methods for studying AP pathogenesis and developing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine of Leshan, Leshan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Intensive Care Unit, Suining Municipal Hospital of TCM, Suining, China
| | - Jianqin Lv
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenfu Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emergency Medical Laboratory, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Road 37, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China
- Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Road 37, Chengdu 610041, China
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Borovcanin MM, Vesic K, Petrovic I, Jovanovic IP, Mijailović NR. Diabetes mellitus type 2 as an underlying, comorbid or consequent state of mental disorders. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:481-493. [PMID: 37273248 PMCID: PMC10236997 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic disturbances that occur in parallel with psychiatric diseases are a major challenge in clinical practice. Various factors contribute to the development of mental and somatic disorders. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant health burden worldwide, and the prevalence of diabetes in adults is increasing. The comorbidity of diabetes and mental disorders is very common. By sharing a bidirectional link, both T2DM and mental disorders influence each other in various manners, but the exact mechanisms underlying this link are not yet elucidated. The potential mechanisms of both mental disorders and T2DM are related to immune and inflammatory system dysfunction, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances. Moreover, diabetes is also a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction that can range from subtle diabetes-associated cognitive decline to pre-dementia and dementia. A complex re-lationship between the gut and the brain also represents a new therapeutic approach since gut-brain signalling pathways regulate food intake and hepatic glucose production. The aim of this minireview is to summarize and present the latest data on mutual pathogenic pathways in these disorders, emphasizing their complexity and interweaving. We also focused on the cognitive performances and changes in neurodegenerative disorders. The importance of implementing integrated approaches in treating both of these states is highlighted, along with the need for individual therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica M Borovcanin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Katarina Vesic
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivica Petrovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Ivan P Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
| | - Nataša R Mijailović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34 000, Serbia
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Luo J, Chen Z, Guo Q, Chai Y, Bao Y. Effects of saponins isolated from Polygonatum sibiricum on H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in RIN-m5F cells and its protective effect on pancreas. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113724. [PMID: 36935075 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The damage of islet cells caused by oxidative stress is closely related to diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of saponins isolated from polygonatum sibiricum (PSS) on pancreas injury by using in vitro and in vivo models. The oxidative stress model of RIN-m5F cells induced by H2O2 was established. We found that PSS could decrease the apoptosis of RIN-m5F cells under oxidative stress. After PSS treatment, ROS and MDA levels in cells significantly decreased. Moreover, the levels of SOD and GSH were significantly increased. PSS could increase the insulin secretion level of cells under oxidative stress. The expression level of intracellular Bcl-2 increased, and the expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 decreased significantly. In addition, the type 2 diabetes mouse model was established. The results showed that PSS had a protective effect on the injury of the pancreas in T2DM mice. PSS can relieve oxidative stress and high glucose-mediated pancreas cytotoxicity. PSS may be a promising candidate for diabetes intervention and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Luo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Zefu Chen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Qingqi Guo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
| | - Yihong Bao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, PR China
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Chen J, Liu Y, Zhou K, Zhang W, Wen B, Xu K, Liu Y, Chen L, Huang Y, He B, Hang W, Chen J. DISC1 inhibits GSK3β activity to prevent tau hyperphosphorylation under diabetic encephalopathy. Biofactors 2023; 49:173-184. [PMID: 36070513 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in those patients with long T2D history. Persistent high glucose (HG) stimulation leads to neuron damage and manifests like Alzheimer's disease's pathological features such as neurofilament tangle. However, the precise mechanism of high-glucose-induced tau hyperphosphorylation is not fully revealed. We here gave evidence that Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein (DISC1) could interact with glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and inhibit its activity to prevent tau hyperphosphorylation. By using DB/DB mice as animal model and HG-treated N2a cell as cell model, we found that DISC1 was downregulated both in vivo and in vitro, complicated with Tau hyperphosphorylation and GSK3β activation. Further, we identified DISC1 interacted with GSK3β by its 198th-237th amino acid residues. Overexpression of full length DISC1 but not mutated DISC1 lacking this domain could prevent HG induced tau hyperphosphorylation. Taken together, our work revealed DISC1 could be an important negative modulators of tau phosphorylation, and suggested that preservation of DISC1 could prevent HG induced neuron damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiehui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Keru Zhou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yazhou Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, China
| | - Benhong He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lichuan People's Hospital, Lichuan, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cell Architecture Research Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Li Z, Li S, Xiao Y, Zhong T, Yu X, Wang L. Nutritional intervention for diabetes mellitus with Alzheimer's disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1046726. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1046726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined disease burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing, and the two diseases share some common pathological changes. However, the pharmacotherapeutic approach to this clinical complexity is limited to symptomatic rather than disease-arresting, with the possible exception of metformin. Whether nutritional intervention might extend or synergize with these effects of metformin is of interest. In particular, dietary patterns with an emphasis on dietary diversity shown to affect cognitive function are of growing interest in a range of food cultural settings. This paper presents the association between diabetes and AD. In addition, the cross-cultural nutritional intervention programs with the potential to mitigate both insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia, together with cognitive impairment are also reviewed. Both dietary patterns and nutritional supplementation showed the effects of improving glycemic control and reducing cognitive decline in diabetes associated with AD, but the intervention specificity remained controversial. Multi-nutrient supplements combined with diverse diets may have preventive and therapeutic potential for DM combined with AD, at least as related to the B vitamin group and folate-dependent homocysteine (Hcy). The nutritional intervention has promise in the prevention and management of DM and AD comorbidities, and more clinical studies would be of nutritional scientific merit.
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Mechanistic Insights into the Neuroprotective Potential of Sacred Ficus Trees. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224731. [PMID: 36432418 PMCID: PMC9695857 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus religiosa (Bo tree or sacred fig) and Ficus benghalensis (Indian banyan) are of immense spiritual and therapeutic importance. Various parts of these trees have been investigated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, hepatoprotective, dermoprotective, and nephroprotective properties. Previous reviews of Ficus mostly discussed traditional usages, photochemistry, and pharmacological activities, though comprehensive reviews of the neuroprotective potential of these Ficus species extracts and/or their important phytocompounds are lacking. The interesting phytocompounds from these trees include many bengalenosides, carotenoids, flavonoids (leucopelargonidin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, leucopelargonidin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside, lupeol, cetyl behenate, and α-amyrin acetate), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin), leucocyanidin, phytosterols (bergapten, bergaptol, lanosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), terpenes (α-thujene, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, limonene, β-ocimene, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, α-trans-bergamotene, α-copaene, aromadendrene, α-humulene, alloaromadendrene, germacrene, γ-cadinene, and δ-cadinene), and diverse polyphenols (tannin, wax, saponin, leucoanthocyanin), contributing significantly to their pharmacological effects, ranging from antimicrobial action to neuroprotection. This review presents extensive mechanistic insights into the neuroprotective potential, especially important phytochemicals from F. religiosa and F. benghalensis. Owing to the complex pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), the currently existing drugs merely alleviate the symptoms. Hence, bioactive compounds with potent neuroprotective effects through a multitarget approach would be of great interest in developing pharmacophores for the treatment of NDDs.
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Cheng L, Su Y, Zhi K, Xie Y, Zhang C, Meng X. Conditional deletion of MAD2B in forebrain neurons enhances hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:956029. [PMID: 36212696 PMCID: PMC9538151 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.956029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic arrest deficient 2-like protein 2 (MAD2B) is not only a DNA damage repair agent but also a cell cycle regulator that is widely expressed in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. However, the functions of MAD2B in hippocampal and cerebral cortical neurons are poorly understood. In this study, we crossed MAD2Bflox/flox and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (Camk2a)-Cre mice to conditionally knock out MAD2B in the forebrain pyramidal neurons by the Cre/loxP recombinase system. First, RNA sequencing suggested that the differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex between the WT and the MAD2B cKO mice were related to learning and memory. Then, the results of behavioral tests, including the Morris water maze test, the novel object recognition test, and the contextual fear conditioning experiment, suggested that the learning and memory abilities of the MAD2B cKO mice had improved. Moreover, conditional knockout of MAD2B increased the number of neurons without affecting the number of glial cells in the hippocampal CA1 and the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the number of doublecortin-positive (DCX+) cells was increased in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the MAD2B cKO mice. In addition, as shown by Golgi staining, the MAD2B cKO mice had more mushroom-like and long-like spines than the WT mice. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that spine synapses increased and shaft synapses decreased in the CA1 of the MAD2B cKO mice. Taken together, our findings indicated that MAD2B plays an essential role in regulating learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cheng
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaining Zhi
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaru Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chun Zhang
| | - Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Xianfang Meng
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Du Y, Li X, An Y, Song Y, Lu Y. Association of gut microbiota with sort-chain fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines in diabetic patients with cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional, non-controlled study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:930626. [PMID: 35938126 PMCID: PMC9355148 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.930626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI). However, little is known about alterations of gut microbiota and SCFA levels as well as the relationships between inflammatory cytokines and cognitive function in Chinese DCI patients. Herein, the differences in the gut microbiota, plasma SCFAs, and inflammatory cytokines in DCI patients and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were explored. A cross-sectional study of 30 DCI patients and 30 T2DM patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was conducted in Tianjin city, China. The gut microbiota, plasma SCFAs, and inflammatory cytokines were determined using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and Luminex immunofluorescence assays, respectively. In addition, the correlation between gut microbiota and DCI clinical characteristics, SCFAs, and inflammatory cytokines was investigated. According to the results, at the genus level, DCI patients presented a greater abundance of Gemmiger, Bacteroides, Roseburia, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium and a poorer abundance of Escherichia and Akkermansia than T2DM patients. The plasma concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and butyric acid plummeted in DCI patients compared to those in T2DM patients. TNF-α and IL-8 concentrations in plasma were significantly higher in DCI patients than in T2DM patients. Moreover, the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid in plasma were negatively correlated with TNF-α, while those of acetic acid and butyric acid were negatively correlated with IL-8. Furthermore, the abundance of the genus Alloprevotella was negatively correlated with butyric acid, while that of Holdemanella was negatively correlated with propanoic acid and isobutyric acid. Fusobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with propanoic acid. Clostridium XlVb abundance was negatively correlated with TNF-α, while Shuttleworthia abundance was positively correlated with TNF-α. It was demonstrated that the gut microbiota alterations were accompanied by a change in SCFAs and inflammatory cytokines in DCI in Chinese patients, potentially causing DCI development. These findings might help to identify more effective microbiota-based therapies for DCI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yage Du
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Geriatrics Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Song
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhui Lu
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Salas-Venegas V, Flores-Torres RP, Rodríguez-Cortés YM, Rodríguez-Retana D, Ramírez-Carreto RJ, Concepción-Carrillo LE, Pérez-Flores LJ, Alarcón-Aguilar A, López-Díazguerrero NE, Gómez-González B, Chavarría A, Konigsberg M. The Obese Brain: Mechanisms of Systemic and Local Inflammation, and Interventions to Reverse the Cognitive Deficit. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:798995. [PMID: 35422689 PMCID: PMC9002268 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.798995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are now considered a worldwide pandemic and a growing public health problem with severe economic and social consequences. Adipose tissue is an organ with neuroimmune-endocrine functions, which participates in homeostasis. So, adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia induce a state of chronic inflammation that causes changes in the brain and induce neuroinflammation. Studies with obese animal models and obese patients have shown a relationship between diet and cognitive decline, especially working memory and learning deficiencies. Here we analyze how obesity-related peripheral inflammation can affect central nervous system physiology, generating neuroinflammation. Given that the blood-brain barrier is an interface between the periphery and the central nervous system, its altered physiology in obesity may mediate the consequences on various cognitive processes. Finally, several interventions, and the use of natural compounds and exercise to prevent the adverse effects of obesity in the brain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Salas-Venegas
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa Pamela Flores-Torres
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yesica María Rodríguez-Cortés
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Retana
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Jair Ramírez-Carreto
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Edgar Concepción-Carrillo
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Josefina Pérez-Flores
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mina Konigsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (DCBS), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mina Konigsberg,
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12
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Neurofilament Light Chain (NF-L) Stimulates Lipid Peroxidation to Neuronal Membrane through Microglia-Derived Ferritin Heavy Chain (FTH) Secretion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3938940. [PMID: 35368870 PMCID: PMC8972155 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3938940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A part of the axonal cytoskeleton protein complex, neurofilament light chain (NF-L) has been suggested as a pathological hallmark in various neurological disorders, including hemorrhagic stroke, vascular dementia, and cerebral small vessel disease. Neuroaxonal debris are mainly engulfed and phagocytosed by microglia, while the effects of NF-L on microglia have not been elucidated. Ferritin heavy chain (FTH) not only reflects the age-related status of microglia but may also be secreted into the extracellular space. After treatment of microglia with varying concentrations of NF-L (0-3 μg/ml), we found robust increases in the number of secretory FTH-containing exosomes in the medium. Induction of the FTH-containing exosomes secreted from microglia stimulates neuronal loss and membrane lipid peroxidation, as assessed by CKK8 and C11-Bodipy581/591, respectively. However, this oxidative stress damage was attenuated by blocking Fth1 expression. Our results suggest that NF-L, as a biomarker of axonal injury itself, could participate in neuronal ferroptosis in a nonclassical manner by secreting FTH-containing exosomes from microglia into the extracellular matrix.
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Silveira Rossi JL, Barbalho SM, Reverete de Araujo R, Bechara MD, Sloan KP, Sloan LA. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3502. [PMID: 34614543 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a chronic non-infective syndrome characterised clinically by a set of vascular risk factors that include insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidaemia. These risk factors are due to a pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress, haemodynamic dysfunction, and ischaemia, which overlap in 'dysmetabolic' patients. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the traditional components of MS with cardiovascular disease (CVD), inflammation, and oxidative stress. MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Chronic low-grade inflammatory states and metaflammation are often accompanied by metabolic changes directly related to CVD incidence, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Moreover, the metaflammation is characterised by an increase in the serum concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), originating from the chronically inflamed adipose tissue and associated with oxidative stress. The increase of reactive oxygen species overloads the antioxidant systems causing post-translational alterations of proteins, lipids, and DNA leading to oxidative stress. Hyperglycaemia contributes to the increase in oxidative stress and the production of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) which are related to cellular and molecular dysfunction. Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with cellular senescence and CVD. CVD should not be seen only as being triggered by classical MS risk factors. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial pathological process with several triggering and aetiopathogenic mechanisms. Its medium and long-term repercussions, however, invariably constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Implementing preventive and therapeutic measures against oxy-reductive imbalances and metaflammation states has unquestionable potential for favourable clinical outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Leonardo Silveira Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia, Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Reverete de Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lance Alan Sloan
- Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Lufkin, Texas, USA
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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Butkeviciute A, Abukauskas V, Janulis V, Kviklys D. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Apples of the ‘Galaval’ Cultivar Grown on 17 Different Rootstocks. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020266. [PMID: 35204149 PMCID: PMC8868230 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple cultivars are one of the main factors setting the composition of bioactive compounds in apples and the quality of the fruit. However, research has been providing increasing amounts of data on the influence of rootstocks on the variations in the composition of bioactive compounds in apples. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of rootstocks on the changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in vitro in apple flesh and peel. HPLC analyses of phenolic compounds in apple samples were performed. The rootstock–scion combination had a significant effect on the composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in apple samples. Depending on the rootstock, the total content of phenolic compounds in apple flesh of the ‘Galaval’ cultivar could vary by 2.9 times, and in the peel by up to 90%. The genotype of the rootstock resulted in the highest variation in total flavan-3-ol content in apple flesh—by as much as 4.3 times—while the total content of flavonols varied by 2.1 times. In apple peel, on the contrary, the greatest variation was recorded for the total flavonol content (by 4.4 times), and the total flavan-3-ol content varied the least (by 1.8 times). A proper match of a cultivar and a rootstock can program a fruit tree to grow larger amounts of higher-quality, antioxidant-rich, and high-nutrition-value fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurita Butkeviciute
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-037-621-56190
| | - Vytautas Abukauskas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Technology, Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Darius Kviklys
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Technology, Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (V.A.); (D.K.)
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research—NIBIO Ullensvang, Postboks Str. 11, NO-1431 Ås Lofthus, Norway
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15
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Butkeviciute A, Viskelis J, Liaudanskas M, Viskelis P, Janulis V. Impact of Storage Controlled Atmosphere on the Apple Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, and Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020201. [PMID: 35050089 PMCID: PMC8781301 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apples are seasonal fruits, and it is important to prepare them adequately for storage and ensure proper storage conditions. In this study, we used ten different apple cultivars: ‘Alva’, ‘Auksis’, ‘Connell Red’, ‘Cortland’, ‘Ligol’, ‘Lodel’, ‘Noris’, ‘Rubin’, ‘Sampion’, and ‘Spartan’. We studied the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in the apple and apple extracts antioxidants activity before placing them in the controlled atmosphere chambers and again at the end of the experiment, eight months later. Different concentrations of O2, CO2, and N2, constant temperature, relative humidity, and removal of endogenous ethylene were continually maintained. HPLC analysis showed that the highest amount of 2265.7 ± 152.5 µg/g of chlorogenic acid was found in apple samples of the ‘Auksis’ cultivar stored under variant IV conditions. Different concentrations of gas in the controlled atmosphere chambers caused changes in antioxidant activity in whole apple and apple peel extracts. In our study, we found that the antioxidant activity of apple extracts varied between samples of different apple cultivars and depended on the composition of the controlled atmosphere. Determining the optimal storage conditions is beneficial to providing the consumers with apples that have a known and minimally altered chemical composition of phenolic compounds and the strongest antioxidant activity, which determine the use of apples in the healthy food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurita Butkeviciute
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.L.); (V.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +37-037-621-56190
| | - Jonas Viskelis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Technology, Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (J.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Mindaugas Liaudanskas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.L.); (V.J.)
| | - Pranas Viskelis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Technology, Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania; (J.V.); (P.V.)
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania; (M.L.); (V.J.)
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16
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Deng C, Chen H, Meng Z, Meng S. Roles of traditional chinese medicine regulating neuroendocrinology on AD treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:955618. [PMID: 36213283 PMCID: PMC9533021 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.955618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing in recent years. Studies have shown that in addition to some genetic abnormalities, the majority of AD patients has a history of long-term exposure to risk factors. Neuroendocrine related risk factors have been proved to be strongly associated with AD. Long-term hormone disorder can have a direct detrimental effect on the brain by producing an AD-like pathology and result in cognitive decline by impairing neuronal metabolism, plasticity and survival. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) may regulate the complex process of endocrine disorders, and improve metabolic abnormalities, as well as the resulting neuroinflammation and oxidative damage through a variety of pathways. TCM has unique therapeutic advantages in treating early intervention of AD-related neuroendocrine disorders and preventing cognitive decline. This paper reviewed the relationship between neuroendocrine and AD as well as the related TCM treatment and its mechanism. The advantages of TCM intervention on endocrine disorders and some pending problems was also discussed, and new insights for TCM treatment of dementia in the future was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengxi Meng,
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Deciphering the Potential Neuroprotective Effects of Luteolin against Aβ 1- 42-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179583. [PMID: 34502488 PMCID: PMC8430819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to unveil the protective effects of Luteolin, a natural flavonoid, against amyloid-beta (Aβ1–42)-induced neuroinflammation, amyloidogenesis, and synaptic dysfunction in mice. For the development of an AD mouse model, amyloid-beta (Aβ1–42, 5 μL/5 min/mouse) oligomers were injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) into mice’s brain by using a stereotaxic frame. After that, the mice were treated with Luteolin for two weeks at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day. To monitor the biochemical changes, we conducted western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. According to our findings, the infusion of amyloid-beta activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ionized calcium adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) in the cortex and hippocampus of the experimental mice; these changes were significantly inhibited in Aβ1–42 + Luteolin-treated mice. Likewise, we also checked the expression of inflammatory markers, such as p-nuclear factor-kB p65 (p-NF-kB p65 (Ser536), tissue necrosis factor (TNF-α), and Interleukin1-β (IL-1β), in Aβ1–42-injected mice brain, which was attenuated in Aβ1–42 + Luteolin-treated mice brains. Further, we investigated the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic cell death markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, and Cox-2, which was significantly reduced in Aβ1–42 + Lut-treated mice brains compared to the brains of the Aβ-injected group. The results also indicated that with the administration of Aβ1–42, the expression levels of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE-1) and amyloid-beta (Aβ1–42) were significantly enhanced, while they were reduced in Aβ1–42 + Luteolin-treated mice. We also checked the expression of synaptic markers such as PSD-95 and SNAP-25, which was significantly enhanced in Aβ1–42 + Lut-treated mice. To unveil the underlying factors responsible for the protective effects of Luteolin against AD, we used a specific JNK inhibitor, which suggested that Luteolin reduced Aβ-associated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration via inhibition of JNK. Collectively, our results indicate that Luteolin could serve as a novel therapeutic agent against AD-like pathological changes in mice.
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