lncRNA OIP5-AS1 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Invasion of Endometrial Cancer by Regulating PTEN/AKT via Sponging miR-200c-3p

SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of FOXO3 enhances mitophagy and drives hormone resistance in endometrial cancer

BACKGROUND

The complex interplay between Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and FOXO3 in endometrial cancer (EC) remains understudied. This research aims to unravel the interactions of deacetylase SIRT1 and transcription factor FOXO3 in EC, focusing on their impact on mitophagy and hormone resistance.

METHODS

High-throughput sequencing, cell experiments, and bioinformatics tools were employed to investigate the roles and interactions of SIRT1 and FOXO3 in EC. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to assess the interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO3 in RL95-2 cells. Functional assays were used to assess cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and the expression of related genes and proteins. A mouse model of EC was established to evaluate tumor growth and hormone resistance under different interventions. Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays were used to assess protein expression and apoptosis in tumor tissues.

RESULTS

High-throughput transcriptome sequencing revealed a close association between SIRT1, FOXO3, and EC development. Co-IP showed a protein-protein interaction between SIRT1 and FOXO3. Overexpression of SIRT1 enhanced FOXO3 deacetylation and activity, promoting BNIP3 transcription and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which in turn promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibited apoptosis in vitro, as well as increased tumor growth and hormone resistance in vivo. These findings highlighted SIRT1 as an upstream regulator and potential therapeutic target in EC.

CONCLUSION

This study reveals a novel molecular mechanism underlying the functional relevance of SIRT1 in regulating mitophagy and hormone resistance through the deacetylation of FOXO3 in EC, thereby providing valuable insights for new therapeutic strategies.

Hepatitis B virus X protein promotes tumor glycolysis by downregulating lncRNA OIP5-AS1/HKDC1 in HCC

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection being the leading cause. This study aims to investigate the role of HBV in HCC pathogenesis involving glucose metabolism. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) OIP5-AS1 was significantly downregulated in HBV-positive HCC patients, and its low expression indicated a poor prognosis. This lncRNA was primarily localized in the cytoplasm, acting as a tumor suppressor. HBV protein X (HBx) repressed OIP5-AS1 expression by inhibiting a ligand-activated transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Furthermore, mechanistic studies revealed that OIP5-AS1 inhibited tumor growth by suppressing Hexokinase domain component 1 (HKDC1)-mediated glycolysis. The expression of HKDC1 could be enhanced by transcriptional factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1). OIP5-AS1 facilitated the ubiquitination and degradation of SREBP1 to suppress HKDC1 transcription, which inhibited glycolysis. The results suggest that lncRNA OIP5-AS1 plays an anti-oncogenic role in HBV-positive HCC via the HBx/OIP5-AS1/HKDC1 axis, providing a promising diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for HBV-positive HCC patients.

The Promotive and Inhibitory Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Endometrial Cancer Course-A Review

Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in women. The development of this tumour is associated with several genetic disorders, many of which are still unknown. One type of RNA molecules currently being intensively studied in many types of cancer are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). LncRNA-coding genes occupy a large fraction of the human genome. LncRNAs regulate many aspects of cell development, metabolism, and other physiological processes. Diverse types of lncRNA can function as a tumour suppressor or an oncogene that can alter migration, invasion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune system response. Recent studies suggest that selected lncRNAs are important in an endometrial cancer course. Our article describes over 70 lncRNAs involved in the development of endometrial cancer, which were studied via in vivo and in vitro research. It was proved that lncRNAs could both promote and inhibit the development of endometrial cancer. In the future, lncRNAs may become an important therapeutic target. The aim of this study is to review the role of lncRNAs in the development of carcinoma of uterine body.

Ferroptosis-related lncRNA model based on CFAP58-DT for predicting prognosis and immunocytes infiltration in endometrial cancer

Background

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a kind of common gynecological tumor. Further study on the markers related to the prognosis of endometrial cancer is important for women worldwide.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to obtain the transcriptome profiling and clinical data. A model was built using packages based on R software. Immune-related databases were employed to analyze the infiltration of immunocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), and transwell assays were utilized to investigate the role of CFAP58-DT in EC.

Results

Following Cox regression analysis, 1,731 ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) were screened, and a 9-related lncRNA prognostic model was constructed. Patients were classified as high- and low-risk according to their expression spectrum. Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis showed that the prognosis of low-risk patients was poor. Operating characteristic curves, decision curve analysis, and a nomogram suggested the model could independently guide prognostic evaluation, with higher sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency than other common clinical characteristics. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was conducted to determine the enriched pathways among the two groups and evaluation of the immune-infiltrating conditions were performed to help improve immune therapy. Finally, we conducted cytological studies on the model's most important indicators.

Conclusions

Overall, we identified a prognostic ferroptosis-related lncRNA model based on CFAP58-DT for predicting the prognosis and immune-infiltrating conditions in EC. We concluded that the potential oncogenic role of CFAP58-DT can further guide immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

A novel necroptosis-related lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis and anti-cancer treatment response in endometrial cancer

BACKGROUND

Necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, underlies tumorigenesis and the progression of cancers. Anti-cancer strategies targeting necroptosis have increasingly been shown to present a potential cancer therapy. However, the predictive utility and anticancer sensitivity value of necroptosis-related lncRNAs (NRLs) for endometrial cancer (EC) are currently unknown.

METHODS

EC patient gene expression profiles and the corresponding clinical information collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to identify NRLs that constituted a predictive signature for EC. The functional pathways, immune status, clinicopathological correlation, and anticancer drug sensitivity of the patients relative to the NRLs signatures were analyzed.

RESULTS

A signature composed of 7 NRLs (AC019080.5, BOLA3-AS1, AC022144.1, AP000345.2, LEF1-AS1, AC010503.4, and RPARP-AS1) was identified. The high-risk patient group with this signature exhibited a poorer prognosis and lower survival rate than low-risk group lacking this signature. This necroptosis-related lncRNA signature had a higher predictive accuracy compared with other clinicopathological variables (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the risk score: 0.717). Additionally, when patients were stratified based on other clinicopathological variables, the overall survival was significantly shorter in the high-risk versus low-risk group across all cohorts. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that immune- and tumor-related signaling pathways and biological processes were enriched in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) additionally showed that the resulting risk score was strongly correlated with EC patient immune status. Finally, patients with high-risk scores were more sensitive to the anti-cancer drugs such as Docetaxel, Mitomycin.C, Vinblastine, AZD.2281 (olaparib), AZD6244, and PD.0332991 (Palbociclib).

CONCLUSION

These findings reveal a novel necroptosis-related lncRNA signature for predicting EC patient prognosis and shed new light on anticancer therapy strategies for EC.

LncRNA-miRNA axis in tumor progression and therapy response: An emphasis on molecular interactions and therapeutic interventions

Epigenetic factors are critical regulators of biological and pathological mechanisms and they could interact with different molecular pathways. Targeting epigenetic factors has been an idea approach in disease therapy, especially cancer. Accumulating evidence has highlighted function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as epigenetic factors in cancer initiation and development and has focused on their association with downstream targets. microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most well-known targets of lncRNAs and present review focuses on lncRNA-miRNA axis in malignancy and therapy resistance of tumors. LncRNA-miRNA regulates cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and autophagy in cancers. This axis affects tumor metastasis via regulating EMT and MMPs. Besides, lncRNA-miRNA axis determines sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Based on the studies, lncRNAs can be affected by drugs and genetic tools in cancer therapy and this may affect expression level of miRNAs as their downstream targets, leading to cancer suppression/progression. LncRNAs have both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressor functions in cancer and this unique function of lncRNAs has complicated their implication in tumor therapy. LncRNA-miRNA axis can also affect other signaling networks in cancer such as PI3K/Akt, STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin and EZH2 among others. Notably, lncRNA/miRNA axis can be considered as a signature for diagnosis and prognosis in cancers.

LncRNA OIP5-AS1 Knockdown Facilitated the Ferroptosis and Immune Evasion by Modulating the GPX4 in Oesophageal Carcinoma

Objective

Oesophageal cancer (EC) is an extremely invasive malignancy, which has bad prognosis that requires safe and effective treatment modalities. Immunotherapy has provided new ideas for the treatment of EC in recent years. This project was conducted to probe into the role and mechanism of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 in ferroptosis and immunotherapy of EC.

Methods

Cell viability and multiplication were assessed through CCK-8, colony formation assays. Levels of Fe²⁺, MDA, and lipid ROS were applied to determine ferroptosis. GPX4 and OIP5-AS1 levels were examined through real-time PCR assay. The relationship between OIP5-AS1 and GPX4 was estimated through RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Flow cytometry was applied to examine the effect of OIP5-AS1 on CD8+ T cells.

Results

OIP5-AS1 inhibition significantly inhibited EC cell viability and proliferation, induced ferroptosis, and downregulated GPX4 levels, while GPX4 reversed these effects. OIP5-AS1/GPX4 induced CD8+ T cell interaction and induced apoptosis through PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints of CD8+ T cells.

Conclusion

OIP5-AS1/GPX4 promotes EC development and relieved ferroptosis; furthermore, OIP5-AS1/GPX4 facilitated immune evasion via modulation of PD-1/PD-L1, suggesting aiming at OIP5-AS1 is a possible route which might enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy.

The role of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 in cancer development and progression

OIP5-AS1, a conserved lncRNA, has been reported to be involved in several biological and pathological processes, including oncogenesis. OIP5-AS1 exerts its oncogenic or antitumor functions via regulation of different miRNAs in various cancer types. In this review, we describe the dysregulation of OIP5-AS1 expression in a variety of human cancers. Moreover, we discuss the multiple functions of OIP5-AS1 in cancer, including in proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, cell cycle, migration, metastasis, invasion, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, cancer stem cells and drug resistance. Furthermore, we provide a future perspective for OIP5-AS1 research. We conclude that targeting OIP5-AS1 might be a promising cancer therapy approach.

MicroRNA-200c-3p Negatively Regulates ATP2A2 and Promotes the Progression of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

microRNA-200c-3p (miR-200c-3p) has emerged as an important tumor growth regulator. However, its function in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate the role of miR-200c-3p in the progression of human PTC. The miR-200c-3p expression in human PTC tissues and cell lines was evaluated. The target relationship between miR-200c-3p and candidate genes was predicted through bioinformatic analysis and confirmed with a luciferase reporter assay. miRNA or gene expression was altered using transfection, and cell behavior was analyzed using CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell, and colony formation assays. The tumor-promoting effects of miR-200c-3p were evaluated by xenografting tumors with K1 cells in nude mice. The expression level of miR-200c-3p in human PTC tissues and cell lines markedly increased, and this increased expression was significantly associated with a worse overall survival. When inactivated, miR-200c-3p suppressed K1 cells’ malignant behaviors, including decreasing proliferation and attenuating colony formation, migration, and invasion. Its inactivation also attenuated the development of xenografted K1 cells in nude mice. The effects of miR-200c-3p mimics on promoting the malignant behaviors of PTC cells were remarkably reversed by the overexpression of ATP2A2, as a downstream target of miR-200c-3p. miR-200c-3p acts as an oncogenic gene and promotes the malignant biological behaviors of human PTC cells, thereby directly targeting ATP2A2. This regulated axis may be used as a potential therapy of PTC.

Long non-coding RNA OIP5-AS1 (Cyrano): A context-specific regulator of normal and disease processes

Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs have been implicated in a plethora of normal biological functions, and have also emerged as key molecules in various disease processes. OIP5-AS1, also commonly known by the alias Cyrano, is a lncRNA that displays broad expression across multiple tissues, with significant enrichment in particular contexts including within the nervous system and skeletal muscle. Thus far, this multifaceted lncRNA has been found to have regulatory functions in normal cellular processes including cell proliferation and survival, as well as in the development and progression of a myriad disease states. These widespread effects on normal and disease states have been found to be mediated through context-specific intermolecular interactions with dozens of miRNAs and proteins identified to date. This review explores recent studies to highlight OIP5-AS1's contextual yet pleiotropic roles in normal homeostatic functions as well as disease oetiology and progression, which may influence its utility in the generation of future theranostics.