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Larsen C, Winther KH, Cramon PK, Rasmussen ÅK, Feldt-Rasmusssen U, Knudsen NJ, Bjorner JB, Schomburg L, Demircan K, Chillon TS, Gram J, Hansen SG, Brandt F, Nygaard B, Watt T, Hegedus L, Bonnema SJ. Selenium supplementation and placebo are equally effective in improving quality of life in patients with hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J 2024; 13:ETJ-23-0175. [PMID: 38215286 PMCID: PMC10895332 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether selenium supplementation improves quality-of-life (QoL) in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (ID:NCT02013479). METHODS We included 412 patients ≥18 years with serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) level ≥100 IU/mL in a multicentre double-blinded randomised clinical trial. The patients were allocated 1:1 to daily supplementation with either 200 μg selenium as selenium-enriched yeast or matching placebo tablets for 12 months, as add-on to levothyroxine (LT4) treatment. QoL, assessed by the Thyroid-related Patient-Reported-Outcome questionnaire (ThyPRO-39), was measured at baseline, after six weeks, three, six, 12, and 18 months. RESULTS In total, 332 patients (81%) completed the intervention period, of whom 82% were women. Although QoL improved during the trial, no difference in any of the ThyPRO-39 scales was found between the selenium group and the placebo group after 12 months of intervention. In addition, employing linear mixed model regression no difference between the two groups was observed in the ThyPRO-39 composite score (28.8 [95%CI:24.5-33.6] and 28.0 [24.5-33.1], respectively; P=0.602). Stratifying the patients according to duration of the disease at inclusion, ThyPRO-39 composite score, TPOAb level, or selenium status at baseline did not significantly change the results. TPOAb levels after 12 months of intervention were lower in the selenium group than in the placebo group (1995 [95%CI:1512-2512] vs. 2344 kIU/L [1862-2951]; P=0.016) but did not influence LT4 dosage or free triiodothyronine/free thyroxin ratio. CONCLUSION In hypothyroid patients on LT4 therapy due to autoimmune thyroiditis, daily supplementation with 200 μg selenium or placebo for 12 months improved QoL to the same extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Larsen
- C Larsen, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital Department of Endocrinology, Odense, 5000, Denmark
| | | | - Per Karkov Cramon
- P Cramon, Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Åse Krogh Rasmussen
- Å Rasmussen, Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Feldt-Rasmusssen
- U Feldt-Rasmusssen, Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nils Jakob Knudsen
- N Knudsen, Department of Endocrinology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- J Bjorner , Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- L Schomburg, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamil Demircan
- K Demircan, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thilo Samson Chillon
- T Chillon, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeppe Gram
- J Gram, Medical Department, Endocrinology, Hospital South West Jutland, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Frans Brandt
- F Brandt, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birte Nygaard
- B Nygaard, Department of Endocrinology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Torquil Watt
- T Watt, Medical Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laszlo Hegedus
- L Hegedus, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital Department of Endocrinology, Odense, Denmark
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and Alternative Medicine EBC. Retracted: Clinical Observation of Levothyroxine Sodium Combined with Selenium in the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism and the Effects on Thyroid Function, Mood, and Inflammatory Factors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:9785017. [PMID: 38125133 PMCID: PMC10733028 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9785017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/5471281.].
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Santos LR, Vasconcelos Bessa I, Gaspar da Rocha A, Neves C, Freitas C, Soares P. Survey on selenium clinical supplementation in autoimmune thyroid disease. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12:e220090. [PMID: 36622057 PMCID: PMC9986388 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous trials show that selenium could be a very useful tool in the control and treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases. In this cross-sectional study, through a survey, we aim to evaluate Portuguese endocrinologists' perception and pattern of prescription of selenium supplements in these diseases and verify its agreement with current guidelines. Methods The endocrinologists registered in the Portuguese Medical Association were sent an email with a web-based questionnaire, regarding their knowledge and use of selenium supplements in thyroid autoimmune pathology. Results A total of 105 physicians (33% of the total) submitted the survey. The selenium serum concentration in the general population was unknown to 80% of respondents. Over a third of respondents have never prescribed selenium for autoimmune thyroid disease. However, 89% are not afraid of recommending it, and 61% indicate Graves' orbitopathy as the pathology they would supplement. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 36% of respondents use selenium occasionally or frequently, and this percentage rises to 60% in Graves' disease. Conclusions Although recommendations only encompass mild Graves' orbitopathy, selenium is prescribed across the spectrum of autoimmune thyroid diseases, probably due to recent studies that consistently show improvement of biochemical hallmarks in these patients. Further investigation is required on the impact of selenium supplements on primarily clinical outcomes and to identify disorders and/or patients who will benefit the most. Also, there is still insufficient knowledge of this field in the medical community, and evidence-based practice should continue to be promoted by endocrinology societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Ribeiro Santos
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Vasconcelos Bessa
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Gaspar da Rocha
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Public Health Unit, ACES Baixo Mondego, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celestino Neves
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Freitas
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital University Centre of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Health Investigation and Innovation Institute (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Toh P, Nicholson JL, Vetter AM, Berry MJ, Torres DJ. Selenium in Bodily Homeostasis: Hypothalamus, Hormones, and Highways of Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15445. [PMID: 36499772 PMCID: PMC9739294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the body to maintain homeostasis requires constant communication between the brain and peripheral tissues. Different organs produce signals, often in the form of hormones, which are detected by the hypothalamus. In response, the hypothalamus alters its regulation of bodily processes, which is achieved through its own pathways of hormonal communication. The generation and transmission of the molecules involved in these bi-directional axes can be affected by redox balance. The essential trace element selenium is known to influence numerous physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, through its various redox functions. Selenium must be obtained through the diet and is used to synthesize selenoproteins, a family of proteins with mainly antioxidant functions. Alterations in selenium status have been correlated with homeostatic disturbances in humans and studies with animal models of selenoprotein dysfunction indicate a strong influence on energy balance. The relationship between selenium and energy metabolism is complicated, however, as selenium has been shown to participate in multiple levels of homeostatic communication. This review discusses the role of selenium in the various pathways of communication between the body and the brain that are essential for maintaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Toh
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jessica L. Nicholson
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Vetter
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Marla J. Berry
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Daniel J. Torres
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Luo Y, He X, Hu L, Zhao J, Su K, Lei Y, Li Y. The Relationship Between Plasma Selenium, Antioxidant Status, Inflammatory Responses and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Case-Control Study Based on Matched Propensity Scores. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5757-5765. [PMID: 36238760 PMCID: PMC9553306 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s383476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) with high morbidity and mortality is closely associated with an abnormal equilibrium of circulation selenium levels. The oxidative stress theory is the most accepted theory of selenium causing ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, the role of inflammatory responses in ICM has received limited attention. Methods This study included 119 subjects, 43 of whom were patients with ICM, and 76 were healthy controls. Blood specimens were collected from subjects and serum levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress indicators and plasma levels of selenium were measured. Results When plasma selenium and indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress were compared between groups, plasma selenium levels were significantly lower in the ICM group than in the control group (68.83874 vs 104.39775, p=0.02032), while indicators of inflammation such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (79.09773 vs 46.15634, p<0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (49.41484 vs 38.46923, p<0.01) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (3.696574 vs 2.383658, p<0.001) were significantly higher in the ICM group than in the control group (all of these results were statistically different). Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, was considerably higher in the ICM group than in the control group (61.63078 vs 39.0609, p<0.01). In contrast, there were no significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels between groups (p>0.05). The Poisson regression analysis revealed a significant association between selenium and high levels of MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α (p<0.05). Additionally, selenium was negatively connected with SOD levels and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, but this relationship was not statistically significant (p=0.96, 0.15, respectively). Conclusion Selenium deficiency is strongly associated with the development of ICM, and with levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with ICM. Selenium can prevent the development and delay the progression of ICM by alleviating inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Luo
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong He
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Enshi Prefecture, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linbo Hu
- Health Management Centre, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Prefecture, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Su
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Lei
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yuanhong Li, Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China, Email
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The Relationship between Gastrointestinal Health, Micronutrient Concentrations, and Autoimmunity: A Focus on the Thyroid. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173572. [PMID: 36079838 PMCID: PMC9460308 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of understanding of why many patients with thyroid dysfunction remain symptomatic despite being biochemically euthyroid. Gastrointestinal (GI) health is imperative for absorption of thyroid-specific nutrients as well as thyroid function directly. This comprehensive narrative review describes the impact of what the authors have conceptualized as the “nutrient–GI–thyroid axis”. Compelling evidence reveals how gastrointestinal health could be seen as the epicenter of thyroid-related care given that: (1) GI conditions can lower thyroid-specific nutrients; (2) GI care can improve status of thyroid-specific nutrients; (3) GI conditions are at least 45 times more common than hypothyroidism; (4) GI care can resolve symptoms thought to be from thyroid dysfunction; and (5) GI health can affect thyroid autoimmunity. A new appreciation for GI health could be the missing link to better nutrient status, thyroid status, and clinical care for those with thyroid dysfunction.
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