Cytoreductive Surgery plus Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Improves Survival with Acceptable Safety for Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Clinical Study of 100 Patients

Immune Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer Ascites

Ovarian cancer (OC) has a specific type of metastasis, via transcoelomic, and most of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages with multiple tumors spread within the peritoneal cavity. The role of Malignant Ascites (MA) is to serve as a transporter of tumor cells from the primary location to the peritoneal wall or to the surface of the peritoneal organs. MA comprise cellular components with tumor and non-tumor cells and acellular components, creating a unique microenvironment capable of modifying the tumor behavior. These microenvironment factors influence tumor cell proliferation, progression, chemoresistance, and immune evasion, suggesting that MA play an active role in OC progression. Tumor cells induce a complex immune suppression that neutralizes antitumor immunity, leading to disease progression and treatment failure, provoking a tumor-promoting environment. In this review, we will focus on the High-Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) microenvironment with special attention to the tumor microenvironment immunology.

Clinical Characteristics in the Prediction of Posttreatment Survival of Patients with Ovarian Cancer

Objective

To determine the efficacy of clinical characteristics in the prediction of prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer.

Methods

Clinical data were collected from 3 datasets from TCGA database, including 1680 cases of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, and were analyzed. Patients with ovarian cancer admitted to our hospital in 2016 were retrieved and followed up for prognosis analysis.

Results

From the datasets, for patients > 75 years old at the time of diagnosis, histologic grade and mutation count were good predictors for disease-free survival, while for patients > 50 years old at the time of diagnosis, histologic grade, race, fraction genome altered, and mutation count were good predictors for overall survival. In the patients (n = 38) retrieved from our hospital, the longest dimension of lesion (cm) and body weight at admission were good predictors for overall survival.

Conclusions

Those clinical factors, together with the two predictive equations, could be used to comprehensively predict the long-term prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer.

Olaparib and paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin in treatment of ovarian cancer: influence on disease control

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the efficacy and safety of olaparib and paclitaxel combined with carboplatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer and its impact on disease control.

METHODS

The medical data of 120 patients with ovarian cancer admitted to our hospital from February 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods, the enrolled patients were divided into two groups: a control group (n=60) treated with paclitaxel combined with carboplatin, and an experimental group (n=60) additionally treated with olaparib on the basis of the control group. The short-term efficacy, serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), and the incidence of adverse effects and tumor metastasis were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

There was no difference in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). The objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The experimental group had lower levels of serum CA125, TNF-α, IL-6, and HE4 than the control group after treatment (P<0.05). The two groups showed no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions (P>0.05). The one-year follow-up identified a lower tumor metastasis rate in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Olaparib and paclitaxel combined with carboplatin improve the serum indexes of patients with ovarian cancer, enhance the disease control, and reduce the recurrence rate, without extra toxic side effects.