Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Extracts from Different Garcinia Species

Phytochemical characterization and evaluation of the biological activity spectrum of ethanolic fruit extract of Garcinia indica: a less explored plant of Ayurveda

OBJECTIVES

Garcinia indica (commonly known as kokum) has been employed in Ayurvedic and Siddha medicine since ancient times. Every part of the plant has its own set of advantages and applications. Therefore, the present evaluates the phytochemical composition and biological activity spectrum of the ethanolic fruit extract of G. indica.

METHODS

Ethanolic extract of fruits of G. indica (GIFEE) underwent TPC and TFC quantification, with bioactive components characterized via GC-MS and HPLC. The disc diffusion method was used for assessing the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). GIFEE was employed to assess the cytotoxic impact on MDA-MB-231 cells through the utilisation of the MTT. The administered dosage of the extract ranged from 10-45 μg/mL.

RESULTS

TPC and TFC of GIFEE were determined to be 255.09 ± 4.7 mg GAE/g and 184.83 ± 3.2 mg QE/g dry mass of the extract, respectively. Furthermore, GIFEE demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus and a strong DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50=51.46 μg/mL). GIFEE induced strong anticancer activity (IC50=20 μg/mL) against the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, while had no discernible impact on normal human HEK-293 cells.

CONCLUSIONS

By virtue of a high phenolic and flavonoid content and possessing potent anticancer activity profile in vitro, GIFEE appears to be a promising candidate for future and further testing in vitro and in vivo as an effective 'adjunct'/complementary medicine in cancer chemotherapy regimens.

Metagenomic analysis and bioactive profiling of kombucha fermentation: antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and molecular docking insights into gastric cancer therapeutics

Kombucha is fermented and produced with a biofilm called a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast, which is drunk all over the world for its beneficial effects on human health and energy levels. The metagenomic study of kombucha frequently detected microorganisms in proteobacteria, firmicutes, and actinobacteria. And also, yeast and fungi are Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is present in green leaf and sugarcane juice fermented kombucha. The kombucha extracts' biological activities were assessed using pH, total phenolic content, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity. Fermentation may enhance biological activity and the generation of bioactive substances. These results showed the pH -3.1 ± 0.2 and TPC -0.721 μg/mL of gallic acid equivalent. The antioxidant radicals scavenging activity of kombucha was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 and TAC. The bioactive chemicals identified by FT-IR and HR-LC/MS analysis of Kombucha totaled 45 components. The identified compounds were further move on to perform molecular docking study against gastric cancer target proteins 4H9M, 2DQ7 and 1TVO are binding with Nequinate compounds showing best LibDock scores 105.12, 114.49, and 108.97. So, this study suggests that knowledge can potentially active bioactive compounds are present in kombucha and it's stimulated the mechanism of gastrointestinal transit. Additionally, the metagenomic analysis gives strength to understand the bacterial and fungal distribution and its molecular mechanism from Kombucha.