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Lei L, Li Y, Li M, Xin H, Tian X, Zhang Y, Shi W, Cong B. Pathological changes in the spleen of mice subjected to different time courses of restraint stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13543. [PMID: 38866996 PMCID: PMC11169231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate spleen pathology and immune cell subset alterations in mice exposed to acute and chronic restraint stress over various timeframes. A deeper understanding of stress-induced spleen injuries can provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying stress-induced disorders. C57BL/6N mice were restrained for different durations (1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days) for 6-8 h daily. The control mice were observed at the same time points. Post restraint, behavioural experiments were conducted to assess spleen weight, gross morphology and microscopic histological changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect changes in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression, immune cell subsets and cell proliferation in response to stress. Our analysis revealed significant behavioural abnormalities in the stressed mice. In particular, there was an increase in the nuclear expression of GR beginning on Day 3, and it peaked on Day 14. The spleens of stressed mice displayed a reduction in size, disordered internal tissue structure and reduced cell proliferation. NK cells and M2-type macrophages exhibited immune cell subset alterations under stress, whereas T or B cells remained unaltered. Restraint stress can lead to pathomorphological alterations in spleen morphology, cell proliferation and immune cell counts in mice. These findings suggest that stress-induced pathological changes can disrupt immune regulation during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No.361 Zhongshan Dong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yingmin Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No.361 Zhongshan Dong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Meili Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No.361 Zhongshan Dong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Hongjian Xin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No.361 Zhongshan Dong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaofei Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No.361 Zhongshan Dong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No.361 Zhongshan Dong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Weibo Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No.361 Zhongshan Dong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Bin Cong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, No.361 Zhongshan Dong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Liu YX, Zhao M, Yu Y, Liu JP, Liu WJ, Yao RQ, Wang J, Yang RL, Wu Y, Dong N, Cao Y, Li SC, Zhang QH, Yan RM, Yao YM. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein mediated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic brain injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae004. [PMID: 38817684 PMCID: PMC11136617 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) plays a vital role in the inflammatory response during cerebral ischaemia. However, the potential role and regulatory mechanism of eCIRP in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain unclear. Here, we explored the effect of eCIRP on the development of TBI using a neural-specific CIRP knockout (KO) mouse model to determine the contribution of eCIRP to TBI-induced neuronal injury and to discover novel therapeutic targets for TBI. Methods TBI animal models were generated in mice using the fluid percussion injury method. Microglia or neuron lines were subjected to different drug interventions. Histological and functional changes were observed by immunofluorescence and neurobehavioural testing. Apoptosis was examined by a TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay in vivo or by an annexin-V assay in vitro. Ultrastructural alterations in the cells were examined via electron microscopy. Tissue acetylation alterations were identified by non-labelled quantitative acetylation via proteomics. Protein or mRNA expression in cells and tissues was determined by western blot analysis or real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and mediators in the serum and supernatants were measured via enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results There were closely positive correlations between eCIRP and inflammatory mediators, and between eCIRP and TBI markers in human and mouse serum. Neural-specific eCIRP KO decreased hemispheric volume loss and neuronal apoptosis and alleviated glial cell activation and neurological function damage after TBI. In contrast, eCIRP treatment resulted in endoplasmic reticulum disruption and ER stress (ERS)-related death of neurons and enhanced inflammatory mediators by glial cells. Mechanistically, we noted that eCIRP-induced neural apoptosis was associated with the activation of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-C/EBP homologous protein signalling pathway, and that eCIRP-induced microglial inflammation was associated with histone H3 acetylation and the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Conclusions These results suggest that TBI obviously enhances the secretion of eCIRP, thereby resulting in neural damage and inflammation in TBI. eCIRP may be a biomarker of TBI that can mediate the apoptosis of neuronal cells through the ERS apoptotic pathway and regulate the inflammatory response of microglia via histone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Sixth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-peng Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Science, Sixth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 100071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ren-qi Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-li Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Dong
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shou-chun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin-hong Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run-min Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
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Yang B, Wang Q, Li Y, Li L, Zhang Y, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI, Hao W, Li D, Zhang R. miR-96-5p is involved in alcohol-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via negatively regulating TAp73. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282488. [PMID: 37099528 PMCID: PMC10132643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study opted for the adrenal phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cell line to frame a neuronal injury model induced by alcohol exposure in vitro, aiming to probe whether TAp73 and miR-96-5p are involved in the neuronal injury process induced by alcohol and elucidate the regulatory relationship between miR-96-5p and TAp73. METHODS Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the structural features of PC12 cells after culturing in medium with nerve growth factor (NGF). After different doses and different durations of alcohol treatment, CCK-8 assay was performed to detect the viability of PC12 cells, flow cytometry assay was carried out to detect the apoptosis rate of PC12 cells, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to definitude the regulatory relationship between miR-96-5p and Tp73, and western blot was used to detect the protein expression of TAp73. RESULTS The result of immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that PC12 cells abundantly expressed Map2, CCK-8 assay illustrated alcohol exposure significantly downregulated the cell viability of PC12 cells, Treatment with miR-96-5p inhibitor induced apoptosis and upregulated the expression of TAp73 in PC12 cells. Contrastingly, miR-96-5p mimic reversed the above effects and downregulation of TAp73 inhibited the apoptosis of PC12 cells. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that miR-96-5p participates in alcohol-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells via negatively regulating TAp73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Qi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - YanJie Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | | | - Wei Hao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Duan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Mental Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Lu J, Tang X, Zhang D, Lan T, Huang Q, Xu P, Liu M, Liu L, Wang J. Didang Tang inhibits intracerebral hemorrhage-induced neuronal injury via ASK1/MKK7/JNK signaling pathway, network pharmacology-based analyses combined with experimental validation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11407. [PMID: 36387497 PMCID: PMC9647469 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is an acute cerebrovascular disease, which is also a principal consideration for disability. Didang tang (DDT) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating ICH. However, its pharmacological mechanism of action has not been elucidated. Materials and methods The TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases were used to collect chemical compounds and predict targets of DDT. Protein targets in ICH were identified by GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases. DDT compounds-ICH targets and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed for topological analysis and hub-targets screening. Further, Key biological processes and signaling pathways were identified by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Then, an ICH rat model and a Cobaltous Chloride (CoCl2)-induced PC12 cells model were established. Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were detected using cck8 and LDH kits. Apoptosis levels were detected by TUNEL assessment and flow cytometry. IL-1β levels were detected by ELISA, while key protein expressions were determined by Western blot. Results A total of 126 active compounds related to DDT and 3,263 therapeutic targets for ICH were predicted. The functional enrichment of the GO and KEGG pathways combined with literature studies suggested that DDT is most likely to influence MAPK and apoptotic signaling pathways for ICH treatment. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that DDT remarkably inhibited apoptosis and increased the expression of Bcl-2, while inhibiting Bax and cleaved-Caspase 3. For other enriched core proteins, DDT suppressed the phosphorylation of Src and the expression of c-Myc and IL-1β, and up-regulated the level of MMP-9. The further results showed that, DDT decreased the phosphorylation of ASK1, MKK7, JNK and c-JUN. Conclusion Based on network pharmacology and experimental validation results, our in vivo and in vitro study indicated that ASK1/MKK7/JNK pathway might be the critical target for DDT against ICH.
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Fan XX, Sun WY, Li Y, Tang Q, Li LN, Yu X, Wang SY, Fan AR, Xu XQ, Chang HS. Honokiol improves depression-like behaviors in rats by HIF-1α- VEGF signaling pathway activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968124. [PMID: 36091747 PMCID: PMC9453876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of depression is closely linked to impairments in neuronal synaptic plasticity. Honokiol, a biologically active substance extracted from Magnolia Officinalis, has been proven to exert significant antidepressant effects. However, the specific mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, PC12 cells and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats were used to explore the antidepressant effects and potential mechanisms of honokiol in vitro and in rats. In vitro experiment, a cell viability detection kit was used to screen the concentration and time of honokiol administration. PC12 cells were administered with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) blocker, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) blocker, SU5416, to detect the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, synaptic protein 1 (SYN 1), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95) by western blotting. In effect, we investigated whether the synaptic plasticity action of honokiol was dependent on the HIF-1α-VEGF pathway. In vivo, behavioral tests were used to evaluate the reproducibility of the CUMS depression model and depression-like behaviors. Molecular biology techniques were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of the HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators. Additionally, molecular docking techniques were used to study the interaction between honokiol and target proteins, and predict their binding patterns and affinities. Experimental results showed that honokiol significantly reversed CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors. Mechanically, honokiol exerted a significant antidepressant effect by enhancing synaptic plasticity. At the molecular level, honokiol can activate the HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, as well as promote the protein expression levels of SYN 1 and PSD 95. Taken together, the results do not only provide an experimental basis for honokiol in the clinical treatment of depression but also suggest that the HIF-1α-VEGF pathway may be a potential target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Yan Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ang-Ran Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Xu
- Experiment Center, Encephalopathy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Sheng Chang, ; Xiang-Qing Xu,
| | - Hong-Sheng Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Sheng Chang, ; Xiang-Qing Xu,
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Yang L, Chen Z, Li J, Ding P, Wang Y. Effects of Escitalopram on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress Induced by Tunicamycin. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:737509. [PMID: 34759791 PMCID: PMC8573126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.737509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) was reported to be associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) combined with oxidative stress (OS) (ERS/OS). Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of escitalopram (ESC) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and ERS/OS-related pathways in brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) induced by tunicamycin (TM). Methods: bEnd.3 cells were divided into four groups: control, TM, ESC, and ESC + TM groups. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect cell survival and apoptosis, respectively. The expression levels of proteins involved in cell permeability and ERS/OS-related pathways were assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined by commercial kits. Results: We revealed that TM-induced bEnd.3 cells exhibited remarkably decreased viability and increased apoptosis rate, while ESC treatment reversed these changes. Additionally, TM treatment resulted in markedly increased PERK, GRP78, ATF6, XBP1, and CHOP protein expression levels. On the contrary, the expression of PERK, GRP78, XBP1, and CHOP was obviously reduced in TM-induced bEnd.3 cells after ESC treatment. Moreover, TM significantly reduced the expression of p-eNOS and P-gp and increased the expression of CaMKII and MMP9 compared with the control group. However, ESC reversed these changes in TM-induced bEnd.3 cells. Furthermore, the expression of SOD was significantly decreased, while MDA was significantly increased by TM treatment. In contrast, the expression of SOD was dramatically increased, while MDA was remarkably decreased by ESC treatment. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that ESC can inhibit ERS/OS and BBB permeability of TM-induced bEnd.3 cells. ESC may alleviate cognitive impairment and prevent comorbidities in MDD patients through ERS/OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - ZhengHong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - PengJin Ding
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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