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Shen Y, Gong X, Qian L, Ruan Y, Lin S, Yu Z, Si Z, Wei W, Liu Y. Inhibition of GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis decreased methamphetamine self-administration in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:167-180. [PMID: 38834156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that the activation of the central dopamine (DA) system is crucial to the rewarding effects of methamphetamine (METH) and to the behavioral outcomes of METH use disorder. It was reported that METH exposure induced gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis in rats. The membrane pore formation caused by METH-induced pyroptosis may also contribute to the overflow of DA into the extracellular space and subsequently increase the DA levels in the brain. The present study firstly investigated whether the membrane pore information induced by GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis was associated with the increased DA levels in the ventral tegmental area (VAT) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats self-administering METH and SY-SH5Y cells treated by METH. Subsequently, the effect of pore formation blockade or genetic inhibition of GSDMD on the reinforcing and motivational effect of METH was determined in rats, using the animal model of METH self-administration (SA). METH exposure significantly increased the activity of NLRP1/Cas-1/GSDMD pathway and the presence of pyroptosis, accompanied by the significantly increased DA levels in VTA and NAc. Moreover, intraperitoneal injections of disulfiram (DSF) or microinjection of rAAV-shGSDMD into VTA/NAc significantly reduced the reinforcing and motivational effect of METH, accompanied by the decreased level of DA in VTA and NAc. The results provided novel evidence that METH-induced pyroptosis could increase DA release in VTA and NAc via the NLRP1/Cas-1/GSDMD pathway. Additionally, membrane pores or GSDMD blockade could significantly reduce the reinforcing and motivational effect of METH. In conclusion, blocking GSDMD and membrane pore formation could be a promising potential target for the development of agents to treat METH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315021, China
| | - Xinshuang Gong
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315021, China
| | - Liyin Qian
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315021, China
| | - Yuer Ruan
- Department of Psychology, Collage of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shujun Lin
- Department of Psychology, Collage of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaoying Yu
- Department of Psychology, Collage of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zizhen Si
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wenting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chenical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Ali NH, Al‐Kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Albuhadily AK, Hamad RS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Saad HM, Batiha GE. Role of brain renin-angiotensin system in depression: A new perspective. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14525. [PMID: 37953501 PMCID: PMC11017442 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mood disorder characterized by abnormal thoughts. The pathophysiology of depression is related to the deficiency of serotonin (5HT), which is derived from tryptophan (Trp). Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Notably, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the pathogenesis of depression, and different findings revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be effective in depression. However, the underlying mechanism for the role of dysregulated brain RAS-induced depression remains speculative. Therefore, this review aimed to revise the conceivable role of ACEIs and ARBs and how these agents ameliorate the pathophysiology of depression. Dysregulation of brain RAS triggers the development and progression of depression through the reduction of brain 5HT and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of central classical RAS by ARBS and ACEIs and activation of non-classical RAS prevent the development of depression by regulating 5HT, BDNF, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H. Ali
- Department of Internal MedicineMedical CollegeNajran UniversityNajranKSA
| | - Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali K. Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Rabab S. Hamad
- Biological Sciences DepartmentCollege of Science, King Faisal UniversityAl AhsaSaudi Arabia
- Central LaboratoryTheodor Bilharz Research InstituteGizaEgypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjabIndia
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourAlBeheiraEgypt
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Cui Y, Zhuang M, Huang Z, Guo Y, Chen F, Li Y, Long Y, Liu Y, Zeng G, Feng X, Chen X. An antihypertensive drug-AT1 inhibitor attenuated BRCA development promoted by chronic psychological stress via Ang II/PARP1/FN1 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167031. [PMID: 38253214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress contributes to the occurrence of cancer and activates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, the mechanisms by which RAS promotes the progression of breast cancer (BRCA) under chronic psychological stress are remain unknown. In this study, we observed elevated levels of Angiotensin II (Ang II) in both serum and BRCA tissue under chronic stress, leading to accelerated BRCA growth in a mouse model. An antihypertensive drug, candesartan (an AT1 inhibitor), effectively attenuated Ang II-induced cell proliferation and metastasis. Utilizing mass spectrometry and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified fibronectin 1 (FN1) as the hub protein involved in chronic stress-Ang II/AT1 axis. Focal adhesion pathway was identified as a downstream signaling pathway activated during the progression of chronic stress. Depletion of FN1 significantly attenuated Ang II-induced proliferation and metastasis of BRCA cells. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) was found to bind to the DNA promoter of FN1, leading to the transcription of FN1. Ang II upregulated PARP1 expression, resulting in increased FN1 levels. Recombinant FN1 partially restored the progress of BRCA malignancy induced by the Ang II/PARP1 pathway. In vivo, candesartan reversed the progressive effect of chronic psychological stress on BRCA. In clinical samples, Ang II levels in both serum and tumor tissues are higher in stressed patients compared to control patients. Serum Ang II levels were positively correlated with chronic stress indicators. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that chronic psychological stress accelerates the malignancy of BRCA, and the AT1 inhibitor candesartan counteracts these effects by suppressing the Ang II-AT1 axis and the downstream PARP1/FN1/focal adhesion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cui
- The Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China; The Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ming Zhuang
- The Department Radiotherapy Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zheping Huang
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island & Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- The Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China; The Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Fengzhi Chen
- The Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- The Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuanhui Long
- The Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Liu
- The Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangchun Zeng
- The Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xujing Feng
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- The Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, China; The Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Wang HJ, Zhang LB, Sun SP, Yan QT, Gao ZQ, Fu FM, Qu MH. Duodenal-jejunal bypass improves hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic rats via glucagon-like peptide 1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:287-304. [PMID: 38464379 PMCID: PMC10921169 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is often accompanied by impaired glucose utilization in the brain, leading to oxidative stress, neuronal cell injury and infla-mmation. Previous studies have shown that duodenal jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery significantly improves brain glucose metabolism in T2DM rats, the role and the metabolism of DJB in improving brain oxidative stress and inflammation condition in T2DM rats remain unclear. AIM To investigate the role and metabolism of DJB in improving hypothalamic oxidative stress and inflammation condition in T2DM rats. METHODS A T2DM rat model was induced via a high-glucose and high-fat diet, combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection. T2DM rats were divided into DJB operation and Sham operation groups. DJB surgical intervention was carried out on T2DM rats. The differential expression of hypothalamic proteins was analyzed using quantitative proteomics analysis. Proteins related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal injury in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats were analyzed by flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Quantitative proteomics analysis showed significant differences in proteins related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuronal injury in the hypothalamus of rats with T2DM-DJB after DJB surgery, compared to the T2DM-Sham groups of rats. Oxidative stress-related proteins (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, Nrf2, and HO-1) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the hypothalamus of rats with T2DM after DJB surgery. DJB surgery significantly reduced (P < 0.05) hypothalamic inflammation in T2DM rats by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and decreasing the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. DJB surgery significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the expression of factors related to neuronal injury (glial fibrillary acidic protein and Caspase-3) in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats and upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of neuroprotective factors (C-fos, Ki67, Bcl-2, and BDNF), thereby reducing hypothalamic injury in T2DM rats. CONCLUSION DJB surgery improve oxidative stress and inflammation in the hypothalamus of T2DM rats and reduce neuronal cell injury by activating the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Jie Wang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Bin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong Province, China
| | - Si-Peng Sun
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing-Tao Yan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Gao
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang-Ming Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mei-Hua Qu
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong Province, China
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Goel KK, Thapliyal S, Kharb R, Joshi G, Negi A, Kumar B. Imidazoles as Serotonin Receptor Modulators for Treatment of Depression: Structural Insights and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2208. [PMID: 37765177 PMCID: PMC10535231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotoninergic signaling is identified as a crucial player in psychiatric disorders (notably depression), presenting it as a significant therapeutic target for treating such conditions. Inhibitors of serotoninergic signaling (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)) are prominently selected as first-line therapy for the treatment of depression, which benefits via increasing low serotonin levels and norepinephrine by blocking serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake and thereby increasing activity. While developing newer heterocyclic scaffolds to target/modulate the serotonergic systems, imidazole-bearing pharmacophores have emerged. The imidazole-derived pharmacophore already demonstrated unique structural characteristics and an electron-rich environment, ultimately resulting in a diverse range of bioactivities. Therefore, the current manuscript discloses such a specific modification and structural activity relationship (SAR) of attempted derivatization in terms of the serotonergic efficacy of the resultant inhibitor. We also featured a landscape of imidazole-based development, focusing on SAR studies against the serotoninergic system to target depression. This study covers the recent advancements in synthetic methodologies for imidazole derivatives and the development of new molecules having antidepressant activity via modulating serotonergic systems, along with their SAR studies. The focus of the study is to provide structural insights into imidazole-based derivatives as serotonergic system modulators for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Somesh Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Rajeev Kharb
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
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Cao M, Zhang Z. Adjuvant music therapy for patients with hypertension: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:110. [PMID: 37024863 PMCID: PMC10077636 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure, anxiety, depression and sleep disorder is very common in patients with hypertension. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of adjuvant music therapy for patients with hypertension, to provide insights to the clinical management of hypertension. METHODS Two authors searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang Databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the role of music therapy in hypertension up to Oct 15, 2022. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 20 RCTs including 2306 patients were finally included. 1154 patients received music therapy. Meta-analysis showed that music therapy can effectively reduce the systolic blood pressure(MD = - 9.00, 95%CI: - 11.99~- 6.00), diastolic blood pressure(MD = -6.53, 95%CI: -9.12~- 3.93), heart rate (MD = -3.76, 95%CI: -7.32~- 0.20), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score(MD =-8.55, 95%CI: -12.04~-4.12), self-rating depression scale (SDS) score(MD = -9.17, 95%CI: -13.85~-5.18), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA), score(MD = -3.37, 95%CI: - 5.38~- 1.36), PSQI score(MD =-1.61, 95%CI:-2.30~- 0.93) compared with routine therapy in patients with hypertension(all P < 0.05). No publication bias in the synthesized outcomes were found (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Music therapy can effectively control blood pressure and heart rate, reduce anxiety and depression levels, and improve sleep quality in hypertensive patients. Limited by the quantity and quality of included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, No. 2799 Qunxian Zhong Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, No. 2799 Qunxian Zhong Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China.
- Hunan international econonmics university, Hunan, China.
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Nazdikbin Yamchi N, Alizadeh Ashrafi MM, Abbasi H, Amjadi F, Geranmayeh MH, Shirazi R, Tamadon A, Rahbarghazi R, Mahdipour M. Classical music restored fertility status in rat model of premature ovarian failure. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:290. [PMID: 36352380 PMCID: PMC9647984 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The restorative effect of classical music was assessed on the cyclophosphamide-induced animal model of premature ovarian failure (POF). METHODS Mozart's piano classical music (K.448) was used for up to 4 and 8 weeks. Rats were exposed to music 6 h every day using a stereo system with a volume of 65-70 dB. Sera and ovarian tissue samples were collected for the evaluation of FSH, LH, and E2 and histopathological examination. At the same time points, samples were taken from the hypothalamus and hippocampus to monitor the expression of Ntrk2, Crh, and Pomc using real-time PCR. Mating trial was performed to evaluate the fertility status of POF rats. RESULTS Histopathological examination revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the numbers of morphologically normal follicles at all the developmental stages in POF rats after music therapy compared to the POF group (p < 0.05). Music therapy decreased FSH and LH levels to near-to-normal levels conidied with elevation of E2 (p < 0.05). Ntrk2, Crh, and Pomc expressions were down-regulated in POF rats. Music therapy increasaed the expression of Ntrk2 in the hypothalamus of POF rats (p < 0.05). In contrast, Crh and Pomc failed to reach the detection limit before intervention and four weeks after the intervention however, these genes were expressed eight weeks after music therapy. Fertility status was increased (p < 0.05) in terms of litter size in POF rats after being exposed to music compared to the non-treated POF control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Results showed that music can exert therapeutic effects on POF rats via the alteration of sex-related hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Abbasi
- Faculty of Lyrical Literature, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
- Mehr Afarin Ahang, Cultural-Artistic Co, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Amjadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ning M, Wen S, Zhou P, Zhang C. Ventral tegmental area dopaminergic action in music therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: A literature review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1014202. [PMID: 36300072 PMCID: PMC9589351 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1014202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating sequela of extraordinary traumatic sufferings that threaten personal health and dramatically attenuate the patient's quality of life. Accumulating lines of evidence suggest that functional disorders in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic system contribute substantially to PTSD symptomatology. Notably, music therapy has been shown to greatly ameliorate PTSD symptoms. In this literature review, we focused on whether music improved PTSD symptoms, based on VTA dopaminergic action, including the effects of music on dopamine (DA)-related gene expression, the promotion of DA release and metabolism, and the activation of VTA functional activities. In addition, the strengths and limitations of the studies concerning the results of music therapy on PTSD are discussed. Collectively, music therapy is an effective approach for PTSD intervention, in which the VTA dopaminergic system may hold an important position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ning
- School of Music, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
| | - Shizhe Wen
- School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Peiling Zhou
- School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
- Peiling Zhou
| | - Changzheng Zhang
- School of Educational Sciences, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Changzheng Zhang
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