Elevated LINC00909 Promotes Tumor Progression of Ovarian Cancer via Regulating the miR-23b-3p/MRC2 Axis

Recent advances of miR-23 in human diseases and growth development

MicroRNA (miRNA) is broadly manifested in eukaryotes and serves as a critical function in biological development and disease occurrence. With the rapid advancement of experimental research tools, researchers have discovered functional correlations among different miRNA isoforms and clusters within the same miRNA family. As a highly conserved member in the miR-23-27-24 cluster, miR-23 exhibits different isoforms and participates in various essential development. Although the miR-23-27-24 cluster has overlapping target sites, their differential expression can demonstrate independent biological functions. Furthermore, the untapped effects of miR-23 on organisms, whether as a functional cluster or a single regulator, has not been systematically elucidated yet. In this review article, we analyze the genomic location of miR-23 and its sequence variances among its isoforms or family members while summarizing its regulatory functions in metabolic diseases, immune responses, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, organ development as well as nervous system function. This review highlights the significant role of miR-23 as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and a key regulatory factor in pathogenesis, which can help us comprehend the diverse functions of miRNAs and provide a theoretical reference for the functional differences among miRNA isoforms.

The lncRNA TPTEP1 suppresses PI3K/AKT signalling and inhibits ovarian cancer progression by interacting with PTBP1

The expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) TPTE pseudogene 1 (TPTEP1) is significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer (OC). However, the function and mechanism of the lncRNA TPTEP1 in OC have not been identified. To investigate the expression of the lncRNA TPTEP1, we analysed a publicly available dataset and 20 pairs of OC and normal ovarian samples tissue from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Functional assays were used to determine the role of the lncRNA TPTEP1 in OC progression. Furthermore, Western blot, FISH, RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry and RNA immunoprecipitation approaches were used to determine the mechanism by which the lncRNA TPTEP1 affects OC progression. Animal experiments were used to determine the role of the lncRNA TPTEP1 in ovarian tumorigenicity in vivo. The expression of the lncRNA TPTEP1 in OC tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues and low expression of the lncRNA TPTEP1 was significantly correlated with advanced FIGO stage and the presence of malignant ascites in OC patients. In vitro and in vivo, regulation of the expression of the lncRNA TPTEP1 caused changes in OC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that TPTEP1 directly binds to the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) protein and inhibits PI3K/AKT signalling. The lncRNA TPTEP1 inhibits PI3K/AKT signalling by directly binding PTBP1, possibly indicating the molecular mechanism underlying its biological function. With further research, these findings may aid in the development of clinically useful strategies for the treatment of OC.

Identification of key molecules in the formation of portal vein tumor thrombus in hepatocellular carcinoma based on single cell transcriptomics and in vitro experiments

Background

The presence of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a significant indicator of advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, the prediction of PVTT occurrence remains challenging, and there is a lack of comprehensive research exploring the underlying mechanisms of PVTT formation and its association with immune infiltration.

Methods

Our approach involved analyzing single-cell sequencing data, applying high dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA), and identifying key genes associated with PVTT development. Furthermore, we constructed competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks and employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), as well as three machine-learning techniques, to identify the upstream regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of the crucial mRNAs. We employed fuzzy clustering of time series gene expression data (Mfuzz), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and cell communication analysis to uncover significant signaling pathways involved in the activation of these important mRNAs during PVTT development. In addition, we conducted immune infiltration analysis, survival typing, and drug sensitivity analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort to gain insights into the two patient groups under study.

Results

Through the implementation of hdWGCNA, we identified 110 genes that was closely associated with PVTT. Among these genes, TMEM165 emerged as a crucial candidate, and we further investigated its significance using COX regression analysis. Furthermore, through machine learning techniques and survival analysis, we successfully identified the upstream regulatory miRNA (hsa-miR-148a) and lncRNA (LINC00909) that targeted TMEM165. These findings shed light on the complex regulatory network surrounding TMEM165 in the context of PVTT. Moreover, we conducted CIBERSORT analysis, which unveiled correlations between TMEM165 and immune infiltration in HCC patients. Specifically, TMEM165 exhibited associations with various immune cell populations, including memory B cells and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, we observed implications for immune function, particularly in relation to immune checkpoints, within the context of HCC.

Conclusions

The regulatory axis involving TMEM165, hsa-miR-148a, and LINC00909 emerges as a crucial determinant in the development of PVTT in HCC patients, and it holds significant implications for prognosis. Furthermore, alterations in the TMEM165/hsa-miR-148a/LINC00909 regulatory axis exhibit a strong correlation with immune infiltration within the HCC tumor microenvironment, leading to immune dysfunction and potential failure of immunotherapy.

Long noncoding RNA LINC00921 serves as a predictive biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma: An observational study

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is usually diagnosed at advanced stages. Hence, there is an urgent need to seek an effective biomarker to predict LUAD status. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in the development of tumors. However, the relationship between LINC00921 and LUAD remains unclear. The gene expression data of LUAD were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database to investigate the expression level of LINC00921 in LUAD. Diagnostic ability analysis, survival analysis, tumor mutational burden analysis, and immune cell infiltration analysis of LINC00921 in LUAD patients were performed simultaneously. According to the median expression value of LINC00921, patients were divided into LINC00921 high- and low-expression groups. The function of LINC00921 in LUAD was identified through difference analysis and enrichment analysis. Moreover, drugs that may be relevant to LUAD treatment were screened. Finally, blood samples were collected for real-time polymerase chain reaction. LINC00921 was significantly lower in LUAD tumor tissues. Notably, patients with low expression of LINC00921 had a shorter median survival time. Decreased immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment in the low LINC00921 expression group may contribute to poorer patient outcomes. Tumor mutational burden was significantly different in survival between the LINC00921 high- and low-expression groups. In addition, LINC00921 may exert an influence on cancer development through its regulation of target genes transcription. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-related drugs may be more likely to be therapeutically effective in LUAD. LINC00921 was able to be used as the potential diagnostic indicator for LUAD.

Hsa_circ_0013561 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor progression by regulating ANXA2 via miR-23b-3p in ovarian cancer

Our preliminary experiment discovered that hsa_circ_0013561 was aberrantly expressed in OC. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. The expression of hsa_circ_0013561 in OC cells and tissues was detected by RT-qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The effects of hsa_circ_0013561 on the proliferation and metastasis of OC were explored by functional experiments such as cell counting kit-8, transwell, and tumor xenograft models. To mechanistically understand the regulatory role of hsa_circ_0013561, bioinformatics analysis, Western blot, luciferase reporter assay, and a series of rescue experiments were applied. We found that the hsa_circ_0013561 expression was elevated in OC cells and tissues, and was correlated with metastasis formation. Downregulation of hsa_circ_0013561 suppressed the proliferation and migration of OC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the interactions of hsa_circ_0013561, the luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-23b-3p and Annexin A2 (ANXA2) were its downstream targets. MiR-23b-3p inhibition or ANXA2 overexpression reversed OC cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) post-hsa_circ_0013561 silencing. Moreover, ANXA2 overexpression also reversed OC cell migration, proliferation, and EMT after miR-23b-3p upregulation. Our data suggest that hsa_circ_0013561 increases the expression of ANXA2 by regulating miR-23b-3p competitively, resulting in EMT and metastasis of OC. Thus, hsa_circ_0013561 may serve as a novel oncogenic biomarker for OC progression.

Bioinformatics and functional experiments reveal that MRC2 inhibits atrial fibrillation via the PPAR signaling pathway

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia that requires improved clinical markers to increase diagnostic accuracy and provide insight into its pathogenesis. Although some biomarkers are available, new ones need to be discovered to better capture the complex physiology of AF. However, their limitations are still not fully addressed. Bioinformatics and functional studies can help find new clinical markers and improve the understanding of AF, meeting the need for early diagnosis and individualized treatment.

Methods

To identify AF-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), We applied the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profile retrieved in Series Matrix File format from the GSE143924 microarray dataset obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and then used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify the overlapping genes. These genes were analyzed by enrichment analysis, expression analysis and others to obtain the hub gene. Additionally, the potential signaling pathway of hub gene in AF was explored and verified by functional experiments, like quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, and Western blotting (WB) assay.

Results

From the GSE143924 data (410 DEGs) and tan module (57 genes), 10 overlapping genes were identified. A central down-regulated gene in AF, MRC2, was identified through bioinformatics analysis. based on these results, it was hypothesized that the PPAR signaling pathway is related to the mechanism of action of MRC2 in AF. Moreover, over-MRC2 markedly reduced the growth speed of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) and increased apoptosis. Conversely, knockdown of MRC2 promoted HCFs cell proliferation number. Additionally, MRC2 over-expression increased the protein expression level of PPARα, PPARγ, CPT-1, and SIRT3 in Ang II-induced HCFs.

Conclusions

While meeting the need for new biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of AF, this study reveals the inherent limitations of current biomarkers. We identified MRC2 as a key player as an inhibitory gene in AF, highlighting its role in suppressing AF progression through the PPAR signaling pathway. MRC2 may not only serve as a diagnostic indicator, but also as a promising therapeutic target for patients with AF, which is expected to be applied in clinical practice and open up new avenues for individualized interventions.

Lnc-PLA2G4A-4 facilitates the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing versican expression via sponging miR-23b-3p

Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with progression of multiple human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the role of lncRNAs in HCC is not been fully understood. Our study aimed to investigate the biological function and potential molecular mechanism of Lnc-PAL2G4A-4 in HCC. In the current study, we show that Lnc-PLA2G4A-4 was significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues and high Lnc-PLA2G4A-4 expression was remarkably associated with tumor size, microvascular invasion and poor prognosis of HCC patients. Functionally, Lnc-PLA2G4A-4 positively regulated cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro, and facilitated lung metastasis of HCC in vivo. Mechanistically, Lnc-PLA2G4A-4 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to bind to miR-23b-3p and subsequently facilitate miR-23b-3p's target gene versican (VCAN) expression in HCC cells. Over-expression of miR-23b-3p could reverse Lnc-PLA2G4A-4 induced cell phenotypes in HCC and suppress versican expression of by rescue analysis. Collectively, Lnc-PLA2G4A-4 promotes HCC progression by targeting the miR-23b-3p/versican axis, which may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.

Identification of TGF-β-related genes in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure based on single cell RNA sequencing

BACKGROUND

Heart failure (HF) remains a huge medical burden worldwide. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is one of the most significant phenotypes of HF. Several studies have reported that the TGF-β pathway plays a double-sided role in HF. Therefore, TGF-β-related genes (TRGs) may be potential therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy and HF. However, the roles of TRGs in HF at the single-cell level remain unclear.

METHOD

In this study, to analyze the expression pattern of TRGs during the progress of cardiac hypertrophy and HF, we used three public single-cell RNA sequencing datasets for HF (GSE161470, GSE145154, and GSE161153), one HF transcriptome data (GSE57338), and one hypertrophic cardiomyopathy transcriptome data (GSE141910). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis and machine learning algorithms were used to filter hub genes. Transverse aortic constriction mice model, CCK-8, wound healing assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to validate bioinformatics results.

RESULTS

We observed that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and endothelial cells showed high TGF-β activity during the progress of HF. Three modules (royalblue, brown4, and darkturquoize) were identified to be significantly associated with TRGs in HF. Six hub genes (TANC2, ADAMTS2, DYNLL1, MRC2, EGR1, and OTUD1) showed anomaly trend in cardiac hypertrophy. We further validated the regulation of the TGF-β-MYC-ADAMTS2 axis on CFs activation in vitro.

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified six hub genes (TANC2, ADAMTS2, DYNLL1, MRC2, EGR1, and OTUD1) by integrating scRNA and transcriptome data. These six hub genes might be therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy and HF.

Identification of lncRNAs Deregulated in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Based on a Gene Expression Profiling Meta-Analysis

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest gynecological cancers worldwide, mainly because of its initially asymptomatic nature and consequently late diagnosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are non-coding transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides, whose deregulation is involved in pathologies such as EOC, and are therefore envisaged as future biomarkers. We present a meta-analysis of available gene expression profiling (microarray and RNA sequencing) studies from EOC patients to identify lncRNA genes with diagnostic and prognostic value. In this meta-analysis, we include 46 independent cohorts, along with available expression profiling data from EOC cell lines. Differential expression analyses were conducted to identify those lncRNAs that are deregulated in (i) EOC versus healthy ovary tissue, (ii) unfavorable versus more favorable prognosis, (iii) metastatic versus primary tumors, (iv) chemoresistant versus chemosensitive EOC, and (v) correlation to specific histological subtypes of EOC. From the results of this meta-analysis, we established a panel of lncRNAs that are highly correlated with EOC. The panel includes several lncRNAs that are already known and even functionally characterized in EOC, but also lncRNAs that have not been previously correlated with this cancer, and which are discussed in relation to their putative role in EOC and their potential use as clinically relevant tools.

The Role of EMT-Related lncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide; late diagnosis and drug resistance are two major factors often responsible for high morbidity and treatment failure. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that has been closely linked with cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been also associated with several cancer-related mechanisms, including EMT. We conducted a literature search in the PubMed database in order to sum up and discuss the role of lncRNAs in regulating OC-related EMT and their underlying mechanisms. Seventy (70) original research articles were identified, as of 23 April 2023. Our review concluded that the dysregulation of lncRNAs is highly associated with EMT-mediated OC progression. A comprehensive understanding of lncRNAs' mechanisms in OC will help in identifying novel and sensitive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this malignancy.

Long Noncoding RNA LINC00909 Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Contributes to Osteosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Metastasis

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor that is highly metastatic with a high mortality rate. Although mounting evidence suggests that LINC00909 is strongly associated with the malignant progression of various tumors, the exact role of LINC00909 in OS remains unknown. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the relationship between LINC00909 and the malignant progression of OS.

Methods

LINC00909 expression was measured in OS cell lines and clinical specimens using RT-qPCR assays. The effects of LINC00909 on OS proliferation, invasion, and migration were calculated both in vitro and in vivo. Apart from that, bioinformatics analyses, FISH, RIP, and luciferase reporter assays were carried out to investigate the downstream target of LINC00909. Rescue experiments were also conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms of action of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs).

Results

In this study, we found that LINC00909 was highly expressed in OS cell lines and clinical specimens. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that LINC00909 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and contributes to OS tumorigenesis and metastasis. FISH, RIP, and luciferase assays indicated that miR-875-5p is a direct target of LINC00909. Moreover, HOXD9 was validated as the downstream target of miR-875-5p in a luciferase reporter assay and western blotting experiments. Rescue experiments revealed that HOXD9 reversed the effect of LV-sh-LINC00909 on OS cells by positively regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Collectively, LINC00909 induces EMT and contributes to OS tumorigenesis and metastasis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by binding to miR-875-5p to upregulate HOXD9 expression. Targeting the LINC00909/miR-875-5p/HOXD9 axis may have potential in treating OS.

The miR-23-27-24 cluster: an emerging target in NAFLD pathogenesis

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing globally, being the most widespread form of chronic liver disease in the west. NAFLD includes a variety of disease states, the mildest being non-alcoholic fatty liver that gradually progresses to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. Small non-coding single-stranded microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the miRNA or translational level. Numerous miRNAs have been shown to promote NAFLD pathogenesis and progression through increasing lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation. The miR-23-27-24 clusters, composed of miR-23a-27a-24-2 and miR-23b-27b-24-1, have been implicated in various biological processes as well as many diseases. Herein, we review the current knowledge on miR-27, miR-24, and miR-23 in NAFLD pathogenesis and discuss their potential significance in NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.

Exosomal microRNA-23b-3p promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by targeting PTEN in Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

MicroRNA(miR)-23b-3p is known to target various genes that are involved in cancer-related pathways. Exosomes are emerging intercellular communication agents. Exosomes secreted by cancer cells can deliver active molecules to the surrounding stromal cells, thereby influencing the recipient cells and promoting the development of cancers. However, the role of exosomal miR-23b-3p in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is not yet clear. In this study, we set out to investigate the potential role of cancer-derived exosomal miR-23b-3p-related PTEN in the alteration of angiogenesis and vascular permeability in SACC. We investigated the effect of exosomal miR-23b-3p on the progression of SACC. In vitro experiments indicated that exosomal miR-23b-3p led to an up-regulation of vascular permeability, and reduced expression of tight junction proteins. In addition, exosomal miR-23b-3p also enhanced angiogenesis and migration. Next, the angiogenic effect of exosomal miR-23b-3p was validated in vivo, as it led to an increase in the tumor microvasculature. Furthermore, the growth rate of SACC was faster after injection of exosomes loaded with cholesterol- modified miR-23b-3p in mice. In conclusion, these results revealed that SACC cells-derived exosomes play an important role in promoting angiogenesis and local vascular microleakage of SACC by transporting miR-23b-3p, which suggests that miR-23b-3p in the exosomes may be a potential biomarker for distant metastasis of SACC. This suggests the potential of a novel therapeutic target by delivering anti-miR-23b-3p that focuses on exosomes.

The emerging roles of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, have been reported to play essential roles as extracellular messengers by transporting goods in various diseases, while their potential roles in bladder cancer (BC) still remain to be further studied. BC exhibits a high degree of chemoresistance and metastatic ability, which may be affected by cancer‐derived exosomes that carry proteins, lipids and RNA. To date, the most studied exosomal molecular cargo is long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA). Although there is increasing interest in its role and function, there is relatively little knowledge about it compared with other RNA transcripts. Nevertheless, in the past ten years, we have witnessed increasing interest in the role and function of lncRNA. For example, lncRNAs have been studied as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of BC. They may play a role as a therapeutic target in precision medicine, but they may also be directly involved in the characteristics of tumour progression, such as metastasis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and drug resistance. Cancer cells are on chemotherapy acting. The function of lncRNA in various cancer exosomes has not yet been determined. In this review, we summarize the current studies about the prominent roles of exosomal lncRNAs in genome integrity, BC progression and carcinogenic features.

Ropivacaine represses the ovarian cancer cell stemness and facilitates cell ferroptosis through inactivating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

PURPOSE

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor in women all over the world. Ropivacaine is identified as a potential drug for the treatment of malignant tumors, but the role and mechanism of ropivacaine in ovarian cancer remains unknown.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Ovarian cancer cells were treated with different doses of ropivacaine. The function of ropivacaine in ovarian cancer was assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, sphere-formation assay, Western blot, Fe²⁺ level analysis, and immunofluorescence. Meanwhile, the mechanism of ropivacaine in ovarian cancer was investigated by multiple molecular experiments. The protective function of ropivacaine in ovarian cancer was further confirmed by in vivo assay.

RESULTS

The functional research data indicated that the growth and stemness of ovarian cancer cells were restrained after ropivacaine treatment, while the ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells was facilitated. The mechanism results confirmed that ropivacaine inactivated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, in vivo assay demonstrated that ropivacaine repressed the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in vivo and had a protective function in ovarian cancer.

CONCLUSION

Ropivacaine restrained ovarian cancer cell stemness and accelerated cell ferroptosis by inactivating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

PCAT6 May Be a Whistler and Checkpoint Target for Precision Therapy in Human Cancers

Simple Summary

Prostate cancer-associated transcript 6 (PCAT6), as a newly discovered carcinogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is abnormally expressed in multiple diseases. With the accumulation of studies on PCAT6, we have a deeper understanding of its biological functions and mechanisms. Therefore, in this review, the various molecular mechanisms by which PCAT6 promotes multiple tumorigenesis and progression are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, its potential diagnostic, prognostic, and immunotherapeutic values are also clarified.

Abstract

LncRNAs are involved in the occurrence and progressions of multiple cancers. Emerging evidence has shown that PCAT6, a newly discovered carcinogenic lncRNA, is abnormally elevated in various human malignant tumors. Until now, PCAT6 has been found to sponge various miRNAs to activate the signaling pathways, which further affects tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cycle, apoptosis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Moreover, PCAT6 has been shown to exert biological functions beyond ceRNAs. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of PCAT6 in a variety of human malignancies and describe the biological mechanisms by which PCAT6 can facilitate tumor progression. Finally, we discuss its diagnostic and prognostic values and clinical applications in various human malignancies.