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Wang X, Zhang Z, Cao X. Salidroside inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through up-regulating tumor suppressor miR-1343-3p and down-regulating MAP3K6/MMP24 signal molecules. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2322206. [PMID: 38436092 PMCID: PMC10913707 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2322206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Salidroside inhibited the proliferation of cancer cell. Nevertheless, the mechanism has not been completely clarified. The purpose of the study is to explore the mechanisms of salidroside against gastric cancer. To analyze the changes of microRNA (miRNA) in gastric cancer cells under the treatment of salidroside, the miRNA expression was analyzed by using RNA-seq in cancer cells for 24 h after salidroside treatment. The differentially expressed miRNAs were clustered and their target genes were analyzed. Selected miRNA and target mRNA genes were further verified by q-PCR. The expressions of target genes in cancer cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Cancer cell apoptotic index was significantly increased after salidroside treatment. The proliferation of gastric cancer cells were blocked at S-phase cell cycle. The expression of 44 miRNAs changed differentially after salidroside treatment in cancer cells. Bioinformatic analysis showed that there were 1384 target mRNAs corresponding to the differentially expressed miRNAs. Surprisingly, salidroside significantly up-regulated the expression of tumor suppressor miR-1343-3p, and down-regulated the expression of MAP3K6, STAT3 and MMP24-related genes. Salidroside suppressed the growth of gastric cancer by inducing the cancer cell apoptosis, arresting the cancer cell cycle and down-regulating the related signal transduction pathways. miRNAs are expressed differentially in gastric cancer cells after salidroside treatment, playing important roles in regulating proliferation and metastasis. Salidroside may suppress the growth of gastric cancer by up-regulating the expression of the tumor suppressor miR-1343-3p and down-regulating the expression of MAP3K6 and MMP24 signal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Medicine, KeyLaboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, KeyLaboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Cao
- Department of Medicine, KeyLaboratory of High Altitude Hypoxia Environment and Life Health, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Wang S, He H, Qu L, Shen Q, Dai Y. Dual roles of inflammatory programmed cell death in cancer: insights into pyroptosis and necroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1446486. [PMID: 39257400 PMCID: PMC11384570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1446486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for cellular homeostasis and defense against infections, with inflammatory forms like pyroptosis and necroptosis playing significant roles in cancer. Pyroptosis, mediated by caspases and gasdermin proteins, leads to cell lysis and inflammatory cytokine release. It has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, where it can either suppress tumor growth or promote tumor progression through chronic inflammation. Necroptosis, involving RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, serves as a backup mechanism when apoptosis is inhibited. In cancer, necroptosis can enhance immune responses or contribute to tumor progression. Both pathways have dual roles in cancer, acting as tumor suppressors or promoting a pro-tumorigenic environment depending on the context. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and necroptosis, their roles in different cancers, and their potential as therapeutic targets. Understanding the context-dependent effects of these pathways is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Collage of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lailiang Qu
- Collage of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Qianhe Shen
- Collage of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yihang Dai
- Collage of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
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Montalbano AM, Di Sano C, Albano GD, Gjomarkaj M, Ricciardolo FLM, Profita M. IL-17A Drives Oxidative Stress and Cell Growth in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells: Potential Protective Action of Oleuropein. Nutrients 2024; 16:2123. [PMID: 38999871 PMCID: PMC11243068 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-17A drives inflammation and oxidative stress, affecting the progression of chronic lung diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and cystic fibrosis). Oleuropein (OLP) is a polyphenolic compound present in olive oil and widely included in the Mediterranean diet. It exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, oxidative stress resistance, and anticarcinogenic effects with a conceivable positive impact on human health. We hypothesized that OLP positively affects the mechanisms of oxidative stress, apoptosis, DNA damage, cell viability during proliferation, and cell growth in alveolar epithelial cells and tested its effect in a human alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) in the presence of IL-17A. Our results show that OLP decreases the levels of oxidative stress (Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial membrane potential) and DNA damage (H2AX phosphorylation-ser139, Olive Tail Moment data) and increases cell apoptosis in A549 cells exposed to IL-17A. Furthermore, OLP decreases the number of viable cells during proliferation, the migratory potential (Scratch test), and the single cell capacity to grow within colonies as a cancer phenotype in A549 cells exposed to IL-17A. In conclusion, we suggest that OLP might be useful to protect lung epithelial cells from oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell growth, and cell apoptosis. This effect might be exerted in lung diseases by the downregulation of IL-17A activities. Our results suggest a positive effect of the components of olive oil on human lung health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Di Sano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Luigi Massimo Ricciardolo
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council of Italy (IFT-CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Shao G, Cui X, Wang Y, Luo S, Li C, Jiang Y, Cai D, Li N, Li X. Targeting MS4A4A: A novel pathway to improve immunotherapy responses in glioblastoma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14791. [PMID: 38997808 PMCID: PMC11245405 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a challenging brain tumor to treat, with limited response to PD-1 immunotherapy due to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), specifically the M2 phenotype. This study explores the potential of MS4A4A (membrane spanning four domains, subfamily A, member 4A) inhibition in driving M2 macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype via the ferroptosis pathway to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy in GBM. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analyses were employed to characterize M2 macrophages and MS4A4A expression in GBM. In vitro studies utilizing TAM cultures, flow cytometry, and western blot validations were conducted to assess the impact of MS4A4A on the tumor immune microenvironment and M2 macrophage polarization. In vivo models, including subcutaneous and orthotopic transplantation in mice, were utilized to evaluate the effects of MS4A4A knockout and combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy on tumor growth and response to PD-1 immunotherapy. RESULTS Distinct subsets of GBM-associated macrophages were identified, with spatial distribution in tumor tissue elucidated. In vivo experiments demonstrated that inhibiting MS4A4A and combining ICB therapy effectively inhibited tumor growth, reshaped the tumor immune microenvironment by reducing M2 TAM infiltration and enhancing CD8+ T-cell infiltration, ultimately leading to complete tumor eradication. CONCLUSION MS4A4A inhibition shows promise in converting M2 macrophages to M1 phenotype via ferroptosis, decreasing M2-TAM infiltration, and enhancing GBM response to PD-1 immunotherapy. These findings offer a novel approach to developing more effective immunotherapeutic strategies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcai Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryAnshan Central HospitalAnshanChina
| | - Xiangguo Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yiliang Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Shuyan Luo
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Chuanyu Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryAnshan Central HospitalAnshanChina
| | - Dasheng Cai
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Nu Li
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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Zhang X, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhou S. Salidroside induces mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis to inhibit melanoma progression through reactive oxygen species production. Exp Cell Res 2024; 438:114034. [PMID: 38588875 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces necroptotic and ferroptosis in melanoma cells. Salidroside (SAL) regulates ROS in normal cells and inhibits melanoma cell proliferation. This study used human malignant melanoma cells treated with SAL either alone or in combination with ROS scavenger (NAC) or ferroptosis inducer (Erastin). Through cell viability, wound healing assays, and a Seahorse analyze found that SAL inhibited cell proliferation, migration, extracellular acidification rate, and oxygen consumption rate. Metabolic flux analysis, complexes I, II, III, and IV activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain assays, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, mitochondrial ROS, and transmission electron microscope revealed that SAL induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ultrastructural damage. Assessment of malondialdehyde, lipid ROS, iron content measurement, and Western blot analysis showed that SAL activated lipid peroxidation and promoted ferroptosis in A-375 cells. These effects were abolished after NAC treatment. Additionally, SAL and Erastin both inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell death; SAL increased the Erastin sensitivity of cells while NAC antagonized it. In xenograft mice, SAL inhibited melanoma growth and promoted ROS-dependent ferroptosis. SAL induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis to block melanoma progression through ROS production, which offers a scientific foundation for conducting SAL pharmacological research in the management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710003, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Shengbo Zhou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Liang R, Qi X, Cai Q, Niu L, Huang X, Zhang D, Ling J, Wu Y, Chen Y, Yang P, Liu J, Zhang J, Yu P. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in aging and age-related diseases. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:14. [PMID: 38317229 PMCID: PMC10840156 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The gradual aging of the global population has led to a surge in age-related diseases, which seriously threaten human health. Researchers are dedicated to understanding and coping with the complexities of aging, constantly uncovering the substances and mechanism related to aging like chronic low-grade inflammation. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), a key regulator of the innate immune response, recognizes molecular patterns associated with pathogens and injury, initiating an intrinsic inflammatory immune response. Dysfunctional NLRP3 is linked to the onset of related diseases, particularly in the context of aging. Therefore, a profound comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome in aging-related diseases holds the potential to enhance treatment strategies for these conditions. In this article, we review the significance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the initiation and progression of diverse aging-related diseases. Furthermore, we explore preventive and therapeutic strategies for aging and related diseases by manipulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, along with its upstream and downstream mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikai Liang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinrui Qi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Liyan Niu
- Huan Kui College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xi Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Pingping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, China.
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Liu Q, Chen J, Zeng A, Song L. Pharmacological functions of salidroside in renal diseases: facts and perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1309598. [PMID: 38259279 PMCID: PMC10800390 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1309598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhodiola rosea is a valuable functional medicinal plant widely utilized in China and other Asian countries for its anti-fatigue, anti-aging, and altitude sickness prevention properties. Salidroside, a most active constituent derived from Rhodiola rosea, exhibits potent antioxidative, hypoxia-resistant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-aging effects that have garnered significant attention. The appreciation of the pharmacological role of salidroside has burgeoned over the last decade, making it a beneficial option for the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases, including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, and more. With its anti-aging and renoprotective effects, in parallel with the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, salidroside holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for kidney damage. This article provides an overview of the microinflammatory state in kidney disease and discuss the current therapeutic strategies, with a particular focus on highlighting the recent advancements in utilizing salidroside for renal disease. The potential mechanisms of action of salidroside are primarily associated with the regulation of gene and protein expression in glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes, renal tubule cells, renal mesangial cells and renal cell carcinoma cell, including TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-6, MCP-1, Bcl-2, VEGF, ECM protein, caspase-3, HIF-1α, BIM, as well as the modulation of AMPK/SIRT1, Nrf2/HO-1, Sirt1/PGC-1α, ROS/Src/Cav-1, Akt/GSK-3β, TXNIP-NLRP3, ERK1/2, TGF-β1/Smad2/3, PI3K/Akt, Wnt1/Wnt3a β-catenin, TLR4/NF-κB, MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, SIRT1/Nrf2 pathways. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to comprehensively cover the protective effects of salidroside on diverse renal diseases, and suggests that salidroside has great potential to be developed as a drug for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianzhu Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Anqi Zeng
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Feng H, Zhang D, Yin Y, Kang J, Zheng R. Salidroside ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke via mitigating M1 macrophage polarization by JNK/c-Jun. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4251-4264. [PMID: 37254460 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke (CS) promoted the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and macrophage polarization caused by CS modulated inflammatory response. Previous studies indicated that salidroside exerted therapeutic effects in COPD, but the anti-inflammatory mechanisms were not clear. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of salidroside on macrophage polarization induced by CS. Wistar rats received passively CS exposure and were treated intraperitoneally with salidroside at a low, medium or high dose. Lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Emphysema and inflammatory scores were evaluated by histomorphology. Lung function, cytokines, and cell differential counts in BALF were detected. The macrophage polarization was determined by immunohistochemistry in lung tissues. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were isolated and treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), salidroside or inhibitors of relative pathways. The polarization status was determined by qPCR, and the protein level was detected by Western blotting. CS exposure induced emphysema and lung function deterioration. The inflammatory scores, cytokines level and neutrophils counts were elevated after CS exposure. Salidroside treatment partly ameliorated above abnormal. CS exposure activated M1 and M2 polarization of AMs in vivo and in vitro, and salidroside mitigated M1 polarization induced by CS. CSE activated the JNK/c-Jun in AMs and the M1 polarization of AMs was inhibited by the inhibitors of JNK and AP-1. Salidroside treatment deactivated the JNK/c-Jun, which indicated that salidroside mitigated the M1 polarization of AMs induced by CS via inhibiting JNK/c-Jun. Salidroside treatment ameliorated the pulmonary inflammation and M1 polarization of AMs induced by CS, and the process might be mediated by the deactivation of JNK/c-Jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshen Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Wen Z, Liu T, Zhang Y, Yue Q, Meng H, He Y, Yang Y, Li M, Zheng J, Lin W. Salidroside regulates tumor microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer via Hsp70/Stub1/Foxp3 pathway in Tregs. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:717. [PMID: 37528345 PMCID: PMC10391887 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is challenging due to immune tolerance and evasion. Salidroside (SAL) is an extract in traditional Chinese medicine and has a potential antitumor effect. However, the mechanism of SAL in regulating the immunological microenvironment of NSCLC is yet to be clarified. METHODS The mouse model with Lewis lung cancer cell line (3LL) in C57BL/6 mice was established. And then, the percentage of tumor-infiltrating T cell subsets including Treg was detected in tumor-bearing mice with or without SAL treatment. In vitro, the effect of SAL on the expression of IL-10, Foxp3 and Stub1 and the function of Treg were detected by flow cytometry. Network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking software were used to predict the target of SAL and intermolecular interaction. Furthermore, the effect of SAL on the expression of Hsp70 and the co-localization of Stub1-Foxp3 in Treg was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy. Finally, Hsp70 inhibitor was used to verify the above molecular expression. RESULTS We discovered that SAL treatment inhibits the growth of tumor cells by decreasing the percentage of tumor-infiltrated CD4+Foxp3+T cells. SAL treatment downregulates the expression of Foxp3 in Tregs, but increases the expression of Stub1, an E3 ubiquitination ligase upstream of Foxp3, and the expression of Hsp70. Inhibiting the expression of Hsp70 reverses the inhibition of SAL on Foxp3 and disrupts the colocalization of Stub1 and Foxp3 in the nucleus of Tregs. CONCLUSIONS SAL inhibits tumor growth by regulating the Hsp70/stub1/Foxp3 pathway in Treg to suppress the function of Treg. It is a new mechanism of SAL for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Wen
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiujuan Yue
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hang Meng
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yijie He
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwen Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University &Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Bernatoniene J, Jakstas V, Kopustinskiene DM. Phenolic Compounds of Rhodiola rosea L. as the Potential Alternative Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12293. [PMID: 37569669 PMCID: PMC10418374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae), which is widely growing in Northern Europe, North America, and Siberia, have been used since ancient times to alleviate stress, fatigue, and mental and physical disorders. Phenolic compounds: phenylpropanoids rosavin, rosarin, and rosin, tyrosol glucoside salidroside, and tyrosol, are responsible for the biological action of R. rosea, exerting antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, anti-fatigue activities. R. rosea extract formulations are used as alternative remedies to enhance mental and cognitive functions and protect the central nervous system and heart during stress. Recent studies indicate that R. rosea may be used to treat diabetes, cancer, and a variety of cardiovascular and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This paper reviews the beneficial effects of the extract of R. rosea, its key active components, and their possible use in the treatment of chronic diseases. R. rosea represents an excellent natural remedy to address situations involving decreased performance, such as fatigue and a sense of weakness, particularly in the context of chronic diseases. Given the significance of mitochondria in cellular energy metabolism and their vulnerability to reactive oxygen species, future research should prioritize investigating the potential effects of R. rosea main bioactive phenolic compounds on mitochondria, thus targeting cellular energy supply and countering oxidative stress-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (V.J.)
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Jakstas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (V.J.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (J.B.); (V.J.)
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Shi S, Huang D, Wu Y, Pei C, Wang Y, Shen Z, Zhao S, Jia N, Wang X, Chen B, Pan J, Wang F, Wang Z. Salidroside pretreatment alleviates PM 2.5 caused lung injury via inhibition of apoptosis and pyroptosis through regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113858. [PMID: 37236293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is considered a leading cause of pathogenic particulate matter induced lung injury. And Salidroside (Sal), the major bioactive constituent isolated from Rhodiola rosea L., has been shown to ameliorate lung injury in various conditions. To uncover the possible therapy for PM2.5 related pulmonary disease, we evaluated the protective role of Sal pre-treatment on PM2.5 induced lung injury in mice by utilizing the survival analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, lung injury score, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, immunoblot, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Impressively, our findings strongly indicated Sal as an effective precaution against PM2.5 induced lung injury. Pre-administration of Sal before PM2.5 treatment reduced the mortality within 120 h and alleviated inflammatory responses by reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18. Meanwhile, Sal pretreatment blocked apoptosis and pyroptosis that introduced the tissue damage under PM2.5 treatment via regulating Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 and NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 signal pathways. In summary, our research demonstrated that Sal could be a potential preventative therapy for PM2.5 caused lung injury by inhibiting the initiation and development of apoptosis and pyroptosis through down-regulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, 4123, Switzerland; Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
| | - Demei Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yongcan Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zherui Shen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Sijing Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 99907, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Entezari M, Taheriazam A, Paskeh MDA, Sabouni E, Zandieh MA, Aboutalebi M, Kakavand A, Rezaei S, Hejazi ES, Saebfar H, Salimimoghadam S, Mirzaei S, Hashemi M, Samarghandian S. The pharmacological and biological importance of EZH2 signaling in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114313. [PMID: 36738498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to 18% of cancer-related deaths worldwide are attributed to lung tumor and global burden of this type of cancer is ascending. Different factors are responsible for development of lung cancer such as smoking, environmental factors and genetic mutations. EZH2 is a vital protein with catalytic activity and belongs to PCR2 family. EZH2 has been implicated in regulating gene expression by binding to promoter of targets. The importance of EZH2 in lung cancer is discussed in current manuscript. Activation of EZH2 significantly elevates the proliferation rate of lung cancer. Furthermore, metastasis and associated molecular mechanisms including EMT undergo activation by EZH2 in enhancing the lung cancer progression. The response of lung cancer to therapy can be significantly diminished due to EZH2 upregulation. Since EZH2 increases tumor progression, anti-cancer agents suppressing its expression reduce malignancy. In spite of significant effort in understanding modulatory function of EZH2 on other pathways, it appears that EZH2 can be also regulated and controlled by other factors that are described in current review. Therefore, translating current findings to clinic can improve treatment and management of lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eisa Sabouni
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Aboutalebi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirabbas Kakavand
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shamin Rezaei
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Hejazi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Saebfar
- European University Association, League of European Research Universities, university of milan, Italy
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Xiao L, Li L, Huang J, Luan Y, Pan J, Gai Y, Xu Z. Salidroside attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in septic encephalopathy mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109975. [PMID: 36948107 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside (SAL) is a natural bioactive compound with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. In the present study, we generate an experimental design to investigate SAL-mediated protective effect and underlying mechanism on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in the septic encephalopathy mice model (SEMM). In SEMM, Open-Field Test (OFT) and Novel Object Recognition Test evaluated LPS-induced cognitive impairment, behavioural phenotypes, and memory impairment (NOR). Cytokines and protein expression were assessed using ELISA assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. Our results showed cognitive dysfunction could be reversed when treated with SAL in SEMM. SAL treatment significantly reduced apoptotic TUNEL-positive cells and related gene expression (BAX and BCL-2) and considerably improved neuronal damage in SEMM. In addition, it markedly reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and Iba-1-positive cells responsible for microglial activation in mice hippocampus (P < 0.05). The effects of SAL on ROS and oxidative stress markedly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampal tissues of mice. Besides, SAL treatment enhanced LPS-induced autophagy in mice's hippocampus and increased autophagy-related protein expression (Beclin-1 and P62). In addition, the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and its related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, and cleaved caspase-1) were suppressed by SAL treatment. However, SAL activated the SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway and exerts protection by enhanced expression of the proteins (SIRT1 and Nrf2) and downstream genes (HO-1 and NQO1). Our finding demonstrated that SAL employed neuroprotective effects in SEMM by promoting autophagy via activation of the SIRT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Jingcong Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Yuting Luan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Jiaying Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Yun Gai
- General Practice Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200137, China.
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200137, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li N, Jiang Z, Li X. Role of mitochondrial stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome in lung diseases. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:829-846. [PMID: 36905430 PMCID: PMC10007669 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an organelle essential for intracellular energy supply, mitochondria are involved in intracellular metabolism and inflammation, and cell death. The interaction of mitochondria with the NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of lung diseases has been extensively studied. However, the exact mechanism by which mitochondria mediate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and trigger lung disease is still unclear. METHODS The literatures related to mitochondrial stress, NLRP3 inflammasome and lung diseases were searched in PubMed. RESULTS This review aims to provide new insights into the recently discovered mitochondrial regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in lung diseases. It also describes the crucial roles of mitochondrial autophagy, long noncoding RNA, micro RNA, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, cell membrane receptors, and ion channels in mitochondrial stress and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, in addition to the reduction of mitochondrial stress by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The effective components of potential drugs for the treatment of lung diseases under this mechanism are also summarized. CONCLUSION This review provides a resource for the discovery of new therapeutic mechanisms and suggests ideas for the development of new therapeutic drugs, thus promoting the rapid treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghu Chen
- Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuezheng Li
- Yanbian University Hospital, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, People's Republic of China.
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Hou Y, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Xie N, Zhang Y, Meng X, Wang X. Salidroside intensifies mitochondrial function of CoCl 2-damaged HT22 cells by stimulating PI3K-AKT-MAPK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154568. [PMID: 36610162 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salidroside (Sal), an active component from Rhodiola crenulata, has been confirmed to exert neuroprotective effects against hypoxia. However, its molecular mechanisms of intensifying mitochondrial function still largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the mechanisms by which Sal heightened mitochondrial function in CoCl2-induced HT22 hypoxic injury. METHODS The hypoxic condition of HT22 cells was performed by CoCl2 stimulus. We then investigated the effects of Sal on the viability of hypoxic HT22 cells by cell counting kit-8. The contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in cultured supernatant were detected by using commercial biochemical kit. Superoxide free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity assay kit with ferric reducing ability of plasma and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) methods were employed to detect the free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant capacity of Sal. Meanwhile, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined by corresponding specific labeled probes. Mitochondrial morphology was tested by Mito-tracker green with confocal microscopy. Hoechst 33342 and Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining were also employed to evaluate the effect of Sal on cell apoptosis. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), real-time ATP production and proton efflux rate were measured using a Seahorse analyzer. Additionally, the potential interactions of Sal with PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-related proteins were predicted and tested by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) techniques, respectively. Furthermore, the protein levels of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-AKT, AKT, p-JNK, JNK, p-p38 and p38 were estimated by western blot analysis. RESULTS Sal alleviated CoCl2-induced hypoxic injury in HT22 cells as evidenced by increased cell viability and decreased LDH release. In vitro antioxidant test confirmed that Sal had marvelous antioxidant abilities. The protected mitochondrial function by Sal treatment was illustrated by the decrease of ROS, Ca2+, mitochondrial fragment and the increase of MMP. In addition, Sal ameliorated the apoptosis of HT22 cells by decreasing Hoechst 33342 positive cells and the rate of apoptotic cells. Enhancement of energy metabolism in HT22 by Sal was demonstrated by increased OCR, real-time ATP generation and proton efflux rate. The molecular docking confirmed the potential binding of Sal to PI3K, AKT and CaMK II proteins with calculated binding energy of -1.32, -4.21 and -4.38 kcal/mol, respectively. The MDS test revealed the average hydrogen bond of complex Sal-PI3K and Sal-AKT were 0.79 and 4.46, respectively. The results of LSPR verified the potential binding of Sal to proteins PI3K, AKT and HIF-1α with affinity values of 5.20 × 10 - 3, 2.83 × 10 - 3 and 3.97 × 10 - 3 KD, respectively. Western blot analysis further argued that Sal consolidated the levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Meanwhile, Sal could downregulate the proteins expression of p-JNK and p-p38. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggested that Sal can intensify mitochondrial function of CoCl2-simulated hypoxia injury in HT22 cells by stimulating PI3K-AKT-MAPK signaling pathway. Sal is a potential agent for mitochondrial protection against hypoxia with the underlying molecular mechanisms of energy metabolism being further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shengnan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Jin M, Wang C, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Wu X, Ye R, Zhang Q, Han D. Pharmacological effects of salidroside on central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Sun K, Wu L, Wang S, Deng W. Antitumor effects of Chinese herbal medicine compounds and their nano-formulations on regulating the immune system microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949332. [PMID: 36212483 PMCID: PMC9540406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including herbal medicine, acupuncture and meditation, has a wide range of applications in China. In recent years, herbal compounding and active ingredients have been used to control tumor growth, reduce suffering, improve quality of life, and prolong the life span of cancer patients. To reduce side effects, herbal medicine can be used in conjunction with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or can be used as an adjuvant to strengthen the immune effect of anticancer vaccines. In particular, in the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment, herbal medicine can have antitumor effects by stimulating the immune response. This paper reviews the advances in research on antitumor immunomodulation in Chinese herbal medicine, including the regulation of the innate immune system, which includes macrophages, MDSCs, and natural killer cells, and the adaptive immune system, which includes CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), to influence tumor-associated inflammation. In addition, a combination of active ingredients of herbal medicine and modern nanotechnology alter the tumor immune microenvironment. In recent years, immunological antitumor therapy in TCM has been applied on a reasonably large scale both nationally and internationally, and there is potential for further clinical expansion. Investigation of immune modulation mechanisms in Chinese herbal medicine will provide novel perspectives of how herbal medicine controls tumor growth and metastasis, which will contribute to the evolution of tumor research.
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Salidroside Exerts Beneficial Effect on Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8069152. [PMID: 35602096 PMCID: PMC9117026 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8069152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Testicular torsion-detorsion results in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury, which is associated with overgeneration of reactive oxygen species. Salidroside, a major bioactive ingredient extracted from Rhodiola rosea, has strong antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of salidroside on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sixty rats were randomly separated into 3 experimental groups: group A = sham-operated control; group B = testicular ischemia-reperfusion; and group C = testicular ischemia-reperfusion treated with salidroside. The rats in the sham-operated control group received all surgical procedures except testicular torsion-detorsion. The testicular ischemia-reperfusion group underwent 2 hours of left testicular torsion followed by detorsion. The rats in the salidroside-treated group received the same surgical procedure as in testicular ischemia-reperfusion group, but salidroside was injected intraperitoneally at reperfusion. Testicular malondialdehyde content (a reliable index of reactive oxygen species) and protein expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase which are primary antioxidant enzymes in testes were measured at 4 hours after reperfusion. Testicular spermatogenesis was evaluated at 3 months after reperfusion. The malondialdehyde content increased significantly, while superoxide dismutase and catalase protein expression and testicular spermatogenesis reduced significantly in ipsilateral testes of testicular ischemia-reperfusion group, as compared with sham-operated control group. Therapy with salidroside significantly reduced malondialdehyde content and significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase protein expression and spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testes, as compared with testicular ischemia-reperfusion group. The present findings indicate that treatment with salidroside ameliorates testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing reactive oxygen species level by upregulating superoxide dismutase and catalase protein expression.
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