Analysis of Development Mechanism of Giant Cell Arteritis in Nude Mouse Model through Color Duplex Sonography and Computerized Tomography Nanocontrast Agent

Retracted: Analysis of Development Mechanism of Giant Cell Arteritis in Nude Mouse Model through Color Duplex Sonography and Computerized Tomography Nanocontrast Agent

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627925.].

Animal models for large vessel vasculitis - The unmet need

Our understanding of the pathogenesis of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) are mainly achieved by studying the arteries taken from temporal artery biopsy in giant cell arteries (GCA) or surgical or autopsy specimens in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). These artery specimens provide invaluable information about pathological changes in these conditions that GCA and TAK are similar but are distinctly different in immune cell infiltrate and distribution of inflammatory cells in anatomical locations. However, these specimens of established arteritis do not provide information of the arteritis initiation and early events which are impossible to obtain in human artery specimens. Animal models for LVV are needed but not available. Here, several approaches are proposed for experimentation to generate animal models to aid in delineating the interaction of immune reaction with arterial wall components.