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Majeed Z, Farhat H, Ahmad B, Iqbal A, Faiz AUH, Mahnashi MH, Alqarni AO, Alqahtani O, Ali AA, Momenah AM. Process optimization, antioxidant, antibacterial, and drug adjuvant properties of bioactive keratin microparticles derived from porcupine ( Hystrix indica) quills. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15653. [PMID: 37609437 PMCID: PMC10441523 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A structural protein called keratin is often employed in the medical industry to create medication carriers. Process improvement, antioxidant, antibacterial, and adjuvant drug studies of synthetic bioactive keratin microparticles made from lipids and keratin derived from porcupine (Hystrix indica) quills are the main objectives of this study. After coating the keratin microparticles with lipids which were obtained from the same porcupine quills, the bioactive keratin microparticles were produced. The response surface technique was applied to optimize the conditions for extraction of the keratin protein and sizing of the keratin microparticles. An infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical shifts in compositions of keratin microparticles while the optical microscopy was used to measure the size of the keratin microparticles. The results of this work revealed that a yield 27.36 to 42.25% of the keratin protein could be obtained from porcupine quills. The keratin microparticles were sized between 60.65 and 118.87 µm. Through response surface optimization, mercaptoethanol and urea were shown to be the main variables which positively affected the yield and the size of the keratin protein. The lipid stacking on the keratin microparticles' surface was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) assay confirmed the keratin microparticle's antioxidant activity of 29.83%. Compared to lipid alone, the antibacterial properties of the keratin microparticles against Escherichia coli-a gram-negative-and Staphylococcus aureus-a gram-positive-bacteria enhanced by up to 55% following the coating of the microparticles with the lipids. The pharmacological action against these bacterial species was further improved by the lipid-loaded erythromycin that was carried on the surface of keratin microparticles. This work has demonstrated the design and uses of the keratin microparticles obtained from porcupine quills for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Hoorulain Farhat
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Atia Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abu ul Hassan Faiz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh, Pakistan
| | - Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali O. Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omaish Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Al Nakhil Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman M. Momenah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Silva OA, Pellá MG, Sabino RM, Popat KC, Kipper MJ, Rubira AF, Follmann HDM, Silva R, Martins AF. Carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels crosslinked with keratin nanoparticles for efficient prednisolone delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124497. [PMID: 37080405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and keratin nanoparticle (KNP) hydrogels were obtained, characterized, and applied as drug delivery systems (DDSs) for the first time. Lyophilized CMC/KNP mixtures containing 10, 25, and 50 wt% of KNPs were kept at 170 °C for 90 min to crosslink CMC chains through a solid-state reaction with the KNPs. The hydrogels were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analyses, X-ray diffraction, mechanical measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. The infrared spectra indicated the formation of ester and amide linkages between crosslinked CMC and KNPs. The elastic modulus of the hydrogel containing 10 wt% KNPs was 2-fold higher than that of the hydrogel containing 50 wt% KNPs. The mechanical properties influenced the hydrogel stability and water uptake. The anti-inflammatory prednisolone (PRED) drug was incorporated into the hydrogels, and the release mechanism was investigated. The hydrogels supported PRED release by drug desorption for approximately 360 h. A sustained release mechanism was achieved. The CMC/KNP and CMC/KNP/PRED hydrogels were cytocompatible toward mammalian cells. The CMC/KNP/PRED set imparted the highest cell viability after 7 days of incubation. This study showed a straightforward procedure to create DDSs (chemically crosslinked) based on polysaccharides and proteins for efficient PRED delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otavio A Silva
- Group of Polymers and Composite Materials, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Michelly G Pellá
- Group of Polymers and Composite Materials, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberta M Sabino
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ketul C Popat
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Advanced Materials Discovery, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adley F Rubira
- Group of Polymers and Composite Materials, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Heveline D M Follmann
- Group of Polymers and Composite Materials, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva
- Group of Polymers and Composite Materials, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Alessandro F Martins
- Group of Polymers and Composite Materials, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Materials, Macromolecules, and Composites, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana, PR, Brazil; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Salawi A, Almoshari Y, Sultan MH, Madkhali OA, Bakkari MA, Alshamrani M, Safhi AY, Sabei FY, Al Hagbani T, Ali MS, Alam MS. Production, Characterization, and In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Nanoemulsions Containing St. John’s Wort Plant Constituents and Their Potential for the Treatment of Depression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040490. [PMID: 37111247 PMCID: PMC10141068 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current project was designed to prepare an oil-in-water (oil/water) hypericin nanoemulsion using eucalyptus oil for the preparation of an oil phase with chitosan as an emulsion stabilizer. The study might be a novelty in the field of pharmaceutical sciences, especially in the area of formulation development. Tween® 80 (Polysorbate) was used as the nonionic surfactant. The nanoemulsion was prepared by using the homogenization technique, followed by its physicochemical evaluation. The surface morphological studies showed the globular structure has a nano-sized diameter, as confirmed by zeta size analysis. The zeta potential analysis confirmed a positive surface charge that might be caused by the presence of chitosan in the formulation. The pH was in the range of 5.14 to 6.11, which could also be compatible with the range of nasal pH. The viscosity of the formulations was found to be affected by the concentration of chitosan (F1-11.61 to F4-49.28). The drug release studies showed that the presence of chitosan greatly influenced the drug release, as it was noticed that formulations having an elevated concentration of chitosan release lesser amounts of the drug. The persistent stress in the mouse model caused a variety of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors that can be counteracted by chemicals isolated from plants, such as sulforaphane and tea polyphenols. In the behavioral test and source performance test, hypericin exhibited antidepressant-like effects. The results show that the mice treated for chronic mild stress had a considerably higher preference for sucrose after receiving continuous hypericin for 4 days (p = 0.0001) compared to the animals administered with normal saline (p ≤ 0.0001) as well as the naïve group (p ≤ 0.0001). In conclusion, prepared formulations were found to be stable and can be used as a potential candidate for the treatment of depression.
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Xi Z, Fei Y, Wang Y, Lin Q, Ke Q, Feng G, Xu L. Solubility improvement of curcumin by crystallization inhibition from polymeric surfactants in amorphous solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Wang G, Li Y, Qin Z, Liu T. Nanosizing Coamorphous Drugs Using Top-Down Approach: The Effect of Particle Size Reduction on Dissolution Improvement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 24:14. [PMID: 36478061 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology and coamorphous are both advanced technologies that can effectively improve the solubility of drugs. This study has been the first attempt to combine these two approaches to construct the coamorphous nanoparticles to improve the dissolution and investigated the effect of physical properties of coamorphous solid on the nanosizing process. Two types of coamorphous solid, i.e., curcumin-artemisinin and quercetin-lysine, were selected as models. Coamorphous curcumin-artemisinin could highly contribute to the size reduction during milling compared to the crystalline form, which might attribute to the change of crystallinity. Nanosized coamorphous curcumin-artemisinin showed higher dissolution than nanocrystals and single coamorphous sample. However, quercetin-lysine coamorphous nanoparticles did not reflect significant dissolution improvement compared with the microsized sample. The difference of initial dissolutions for both could be the main reason. The directly mixing and drying method was confirmed to be an effective and simple approach to maintain the dissolution of nanosized coamorphous sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanchao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiguo Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Sarma A. Biological importance and pharmaceutical significance of keratin: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:395-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Han J, Li L, Pang Z, Su M, He X, Qian S, Zhang J, Gao Y, Wei Y. Mechanistic insight into gel-induced aggregation of amorphous curcumin during dissolution process. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 170:106083. [PMID: 34973361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous curcumin (CUR) exhibited a decreased dissolution rate in comparison with the crystalline counterpart due to its gel formation during dissolution. The main purpose of the present study is to explore the mechanism of such gelation phenomenon. It was found that the dissolution of amorphous CUR and gel properties were influenced by the temperature and pH of the media. The formed gels were characterized by TPA, SEM, DSC, XRPD, FTIR and PLM. The results indicated that the gelation process led to the formation of a porous structure in which water molecules infiltrate, and entered into its supercooled liquid state with high viscosity when contacting aqueous media, accompanied by decreased Tg and crystalline transformation. In addition, mixing with hydrophilic excipients (such as hydrophilic silica) accelerated the gel formation of amorphous CUR, while the addition of hydrophobic excipients (such as hydrophobic silica and magnesium stearate) could effectively weaken and even eliminate the gelation, hence significantly improving its dissolution. Furthermore, according to contact angle measurement and fluorescence microscope observation, hydrophilic excipients were found to be able to accelerate water entering into the interior of amorphous CUR, hence facilitating the gelation, while hydrophobic excipients would hinder water infiltration into the powder and thus achieve degelation. In conclusion, it is important to recognize that the gelation potential of some amorphous materials should be considered in developing robust amorphous drug product of high quality and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China
| | - Luyuan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China
| | - Meiling Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China
| | - Xiaoshuang He
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P.R., China.
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