1
|
Tomah AA, Khattak AA, Aldarraji MH, Al-Maidi AAH, Mohany M, Al-Rejaie SS, Ogunyemi SO. Sclerotia degradation by Trichoderma-mycoparasitic; an effective and sustainable trend in the drop lettuce disease control caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:286. [PMID: 38829426 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the hazard of sclerotia produced by the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is very complex, and it is urgent to adopt an effective method that is harmonious environmentally to control the disease. Among the six isolates isolated from the rhizosphere of lettuce, the isolate HZA84 demonstrated a high activity in its antagonism towards Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro, and produces siderophore. By amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) genes, the isolate HZA84 was identified as Trichoderma asperellum, which was confirmed by analysis of phylogenetic tree. The Scanning electron microscope monitoring detected that the isolate HZA84 spread over the sclerotial surface, thus, damaging, decomposing, and distorting the globular cells of the outer cortex of the sclerotia. The Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis disclosed the overexpression of two genes (chit33 and chit37) encoding the endochitinase in addition to one gene (prb1) encoding the proteinase during 4 and 8 days of the parasitism behavior of isolate HZA84 on the sclerotia surface. These enzymes aligned together in the sclerotia destruction by hyperparasitism. On the other hand, the pots trial revealed that spraying of isolate HZA84 reduced the drop disease symptoms of lettuce. The disease severity was decreased by 19.33 and the biocontrol efficiency was increased by 80.67% within the fourth week of inoculation. These findings magnify the unique role of Trichoderma in disrupting the development of plant diseases in sustainable ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Athafah Tomah
- Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Misan, AL-Amarah, 62001, Iraq.
| | - Arif Ali Khattak
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | | | | | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Solabomi Olaitan Ogunyemi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kredics L, Büchner R, Balázs D, Allaga H, Kedves O, Racić G, Varga A, Nagy VD, Vágvölgyi C, Sipos G. Recent advances in the use of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbial inoculants for pathogen control and plant growth promotion. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:162. [PMID: 38613584 PMCID: PMC11015995 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides and fertilizers are used in agricultural production worldwide to prevent damage from plant pathogenic microorganisms, insects, and nematodes, to minimize crop losses and to preserve crop quality. However, the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers can severely pollute soil, water, and air, posing risks to the environment and human health. Consequently, developing new, alternative, environment-friendly microbial soil treatment interventions for plant protection and crop yield increase has become indispensable. Members of the filamentous fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales) have long been known as efficient antagonists of plant pathogenic microorganisms based on various beneficial traits and abilities of these fungi. This minireview aims to discuss the advances in the field of Trichoderma-containing multicomponent microbiological inoculants based on recent experimental updates. Trichoderma strains can be combined with each other, with other fungi and/or with beneficial bacteria. The development and field performance of such inoculants will be addressed, focusing on the complementarity, synergy, and compatibility of their microbial components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- László Kredics
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
| | - Rita Büchner
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Dóra Balázs
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Allaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kedves
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Gordana Racić
- Faculty of Ecological Agriculture, Educons University, Vojvode Putnika 87, Sremska Kamenica, 21208, Serbia
| | - András Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Viktor Dávid Nagy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - György Sipos
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Forest and Natural Resource Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, 9400, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sefer Ö, Özsoy E, Yörük E, Özkale E. Determining the biocontrol capacities of Trichoderma spp. originating from Turkey on Fusarium culmorum by transcriptional and antagonistic analyses. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1278525. [PMID: 38025898 PMCID: PMC10679392 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1278525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study aiming to investigate potential fungal biocontrol agents for Fusarium culmorum, several isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antagonistic effects by means of transcriptional analyses. At first, 21 monosporic Trichoderma spp. isolates were obtained from natural wood debris and wood area soils in Manisa, Turkey. Trichoderma spp. Isolates were identified as belonging to four different species (T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. brevicompactum) by tef1-α sequencing. Then, the linear growth rate (LGR) of each species was calculated and determined to be in a range between 13.22 ± 0.71 mm/day (T. atroviride TR2) and 25.06 ± 1.45 mm/day (T. harzianum K30). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) genotyping validated the tef1-α sequencing results by presenting two sub-clusters in the dendrogram. We determined the genetically most similar (TR1 & TR2; 97.77%) and dissimilar (K9 & K17; 40.40%) individuals belonging to the same and different species, respectively. Dual sandwich culture tests (which are useful for antagonism studies) revealed that T. harzianum K21 (the least suppressive) and T. brevicompactum K26 (the most suppressive) isolates suppressed F. culmorum with growth rates of 3% and 46%, respectively. Expressions of genes previously associated with mycoparasitism-plant protection-secondary metabolism (nag1, tgf-1, and tmk-1) were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in both those isolates. While there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in expression that were present in the K21 isolate, those three genes were upregulated with fold change values of 2.69 ± 0.26 (p<0.001), 2.23 ± 0.16 (p<0.001), and 5.38 ± 2.01 (p<0.05) in K26, meaning that the presence of significant alteration in the physiological processes of the fungus. Also, its mycoparasitism potential was tested on Triticum aestivum L. cv Basribey in planta, which was infected with the F. culmorum FcUK99 strain. Results of the trials, including specific plant growth parameters (weight or length of plantlets), confirmed the mycoparasitic potential of the isolate. It can be concluded that (i) nag1, tgf-1, and tmk-1 genes could be approved as reliable markers for evaluation of BCA capacities of Trichoderma spp. and (ii) the T. brevicompactum K26 strain can be suggested as a promising candidate for combating in F. culmorum diseases following the necessary procedures to ensure it is non-hazardous and safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Sefer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Programme of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Esma Özsoy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Emre Yörük
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Evrim Özkale
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Go WZ, Chin KL, H’ng PS, Wong MY, Lee CL, Khoo PS. Exploring the Biocontrol Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. against Rigidoporus microporus, the Causal Agent of White Root Rot Disease in Rubber Trees ( Hevea brasiliensis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1066. [PMID: 36903926 PMCID: PMC10004977 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rigidoporus microporus, which causes white root rot disease (WRD) in Hevea brasiliensis, is a looming threat to rubber plantation in Malaysia. The current study was conducted to determine and evaluate the efficiency of fungal antagonists (Ascomycota) against R. microporus in rubber trees under laboratory and nursery conditions. A total of 35 fungal isolates established from the rubber tree rhizosphere soil were assessed for their antagonism against R. microporus by the dual culture technique. Trichoderma isolates can inhibit the radial growth of R. microporus by 75% or more in the dual culture test. Strains of T. asperellum, T. koningiopsis, T. spirale, and T. reesei were selected to assess the metabolites involved in their antifungal activity. Results indicated that T. asperellum exhibited an inhibitory effect against R. microporus in both volatile and non-volatile metabolite tests. All Trichoderma isolates were then tested for their ability in producing hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase, cellulase and glucanase, indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophores production, and phosphate solubilization. From the positive results of the biochemical assays, T. asperellum and T. spirale were selected as the biocontrol candidates to be further tested in vivo against R. microporus. The nursery assessments revealed that rubber tree clone RRIM600 pretreated with only T. asperellum or with the combination of T. asperellum and T. spirale was able to reduce the disease severity index (DSI) and exert higher suppression of R. microporus compared to other pretreated samples, with the average DSI below 30%. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that T. asperellum represents a potential biocontrol agent that should be further explored to control R. microporus infection on rubber trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ze Go
- Department of Wood and Fiber Industries, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kit Ling Chin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paik San H’ng
- Department of Wood and Fiber Industries, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mui Yun Wong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Li Lee
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pui San Khoo
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kabir MG, Wang Y, Abuhena M, Azim MF, Al-Rashid J, Rasul NM, Mandal D, Maitra P. A bio-sustainable approach for reducing Eucalyptus tree-caused agricultural ecosystem hazards employing Trichoderma bio-sustained spores and mycorrhizal networks. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1071392. [PMID: 36726567 PMCID: PMC9885803 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of the exotic Eucalyptus tree in crop-growing soil and the accumulation of its undecomposed leaves is a significant ecological hazard. The waxy coating on the leaves and the phenolic compounds takes a long time to break down under normal conditions. It is necessary to explore various fungi that can degrade these leaves for an eco-friendly solution to this problem. In this study, spores of nine native Trichoderma strains were produced on wheat agar using a lactic acid-induced sporulation strategy (LAISS). Trichoderma biosustained spores and Serendipita indica (SI) spores were applied to a rice field with accumulated Eucalyptus leaves under continuous ponding (CP) and alternate flooding and wetting conditions (AFW). Among the strains, TI04 (Trichoderma viride) and TI15 (Trichoderma citrinoviride) showed faster (5 days) and massive sporulation (1.06-1.38 × 1011 CFU/g) in LAISS. In vitro, TI04 and TI15 biosustained on Eucalyptus leaves and improved rice seedling growth and SI infection under greenhouse conditions. In the rice-field experiment, Trichoderma-treatment had a threefold yield (percentage) increase from control, with TI04 (CP) increasing the yield by 30.79, TI04 (AFW) by 29.45, TI15 (CP) by 32.72, and TI15 (AFW) rising by 31.91. Remarkably, unfilled grain yield significantly decreased in all the Trichoderma treatments. Under AFW conditions, TI04 and TI15 showed a higher pH increase. Furthermore, TI04 and TI15 under AFW had higher water productivity (t ha-1 cm-1) of 0.0763 and 0.0791, respectively, and the highest rates (percentage) of SI colonization of 86.36 and 83.16, respectively. According to the findings, LAISS-produced Trichoderma spores can be applied to break down persistent wastes and restore agricultural ecosystems through increased mycorrhizae networking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Golam Kabir
- Department of Research and Development, Apex Biofertilizers and Biopesticides Limited, Gaibandha, Bangladesh,Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglong Wang
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Baotou Teacher's College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China,*Correspondence: Yonglong Wang, ✉
| | - Md. Abuhena
- Department of Research and Development, Apex Biofertilizers and Biopesticides Limited, Gaibandha, Bangladesh,Apex Biotechnology Laboratory, Apex Holdings Ltd., Gazipur, Bangladesh,Md. Abuhena, ✉
| | - Md. Faisal Azim
- Department of Research and Development, Apex Biofertilizers and Biopesticides Limited, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Jubair Al-Rashid
- Department of Research and Development, Apex Biofertilizers and Biopesticides Limited, Gaibandha, Bangladesh,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Noorain Munim Rasul
- Department of Research and Development, Apex Biofertilizers and Biopesticides Limited, Gaibandha, Bangladesh,Apex Biotechnology Laboratory, Apex Holdings Ltd., Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Dipa Mandal
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pulak Maitra
- Apex Biotechnology Laboratory, Apex Holdings Ltd., Gazipur, Bangladesh,Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland,Pulak Maitra, ✉
| |
Collapse
|