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Mohapatra S, Kumar PA, Aggarwal A, Iqubal A, Mirza MA, Iqbal Z. Phytotherapeutic approach for conquering menopausal syndrome and osteoporosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2728-2763. [PMID: 38522005 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Women face a significant change in their reproductive health as menopause sets in. It is marred with numerous physiological changes that negatively impact their quality of life. This universal, transition phase is associated with menopausal and postmenopausal syndrome, which may spread over 2-10 years. This creates a depletion of female hormones causing physical, mental, sexual and social problems and may, later on, manifest as postmenopausal osteoporosis leading to weak bones, causing fractures and ultimately morbidity and mortality. Menopausal hormone therapy generally encompasses the correction of hormone balance through various pharmacological agents, but the associated side effects often lead to cessation of therapy with poor clinical outcomes. However, it has been noticed that phytotherapeutics is trusted by women for the amelioration of symptoms related to menopause and for improving bone health. This could primarily be due to their reduced side effects and lesser costs. This review attempts to bring forth the suitability of phytotherapeutics/herbals for the management of menopausal, postmenopausal syndrome, and menopausal osteoporosis through several published research. It tries to enlist the available botanicals with their key constituents and mechanism of action for mitigating symptoms associated with menopause as well as osteoporosis. It also includes a list of a few herbal commercial products available for these complications. The article also intends to collate the findings of various clinical trials and patents available in this field and provide a window for newer research avenues in this highly important yet ignored health segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sradhanjali Mohapatra
- Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - P Ayash Kumar
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, R&D Centre, Gurugram, India
| | - Akshay Aggarwal
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, R&D Centre, Gurugram, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Aamir Mirza
- Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Kim M, Kim HS, Oh J, Zhou X, Ahn S, Koo Y, Kim HJ, Jang J. Ameliorative effects of Kyung-Ok-Ko and its mixture with Pueraria lobata Ohwi on postmenopausal osteoporosis by promoting phytoestrogenic activity in rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1171346. [PMID: 37435569 PMCID: PMC10332514 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1171346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK) is a popular traditional medicine used as a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy for treating postmenopausal symptoms in Asia. Pueraria lobata Ohwi (P. lobata) is rich in isoflavones and has been traditionally used in combination with other herbs to produce synergistic and pharmaceutical effects via a multi-target approach for disease treatment. We aimed to investigate the phytoestrogenic effects of KOK extract against postmenopausal symptoms in ovariectomized (OVX) rats and confirm its efficacy by mixing KOK and P. lobata extracts. Methods OVX rats were daily oral administrated with KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture extracts (300-400 mg/kg) and their body weight and tail temperature were monitored for 12 weeks. The biochemical parameters, estradiol levels, and bone turnover markers were measured in the serum samples. Moreover, the estrogen receptor, ER-α and ER-β expression in the uterus and the uterus morphology were evaluated. AMPK, ATG1/ULK1, and mTOR protein expression in the liver were assessed. Results The 12-week treatment with KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture extracts did not cause liver damage or hormonal changes in the OVX rats. The treatments reduced the high lipid accumulation-related body weight gain and the tail temperature increase that was induced by ovariectomy. Further, it exhibited protective effects against hyperlipidemia and osteoporosis. No significant difference was observed in uterine weight compared to the OVX-treated group, while endometrial thickness reduction inhibition was observed due to ovariectomy. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum osteocalcin levels, which decreased in OVX rats, increased with both treatments. Western blotting analysis showed that ER-α and ER-β were not expressed in the treated rats, whereas these proteins were expressed in Sham-operated rats. No significant differences in the phosphorylation of AMPK were observed; however, the ATG1/ULK1 and mTOR protein phosphorylation levels were upregulated and downregulated in the treated rats compared to those of OVX rats, respectively. Conclusion This is the first in vivo study observing the efficacy and synergistic effects of the mixture of KOK and P. lobata. Our results suggest the potential of KOK and KOK + P. lobata mixture as an alternative therapy for alleviating menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseo Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangqin Zhou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SongHee Ahn
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtae Koo
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Jang
- Natural Products Convergence R&D Division, Kwangdong Pharm Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Yu J, Wan Q, Wang W, Yu X, You J, Ouyang H, Chen X, Cong Y, Huang S, Song J, Zhu K, Guan Y, Zhu W. Efficacy and safety of Pueraria lobata radix and Pueraria thomsonii radix for patients with mild dyslipidemia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Li Y, Li L, Li X, Luo B, Ye Q, Wang H, Yang L, Zhu X, Han L, Zhang R, Tian H, Wang P. A mechanistic review of chinese medicine polyphenols on bone formation and resorption. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1017538. [PMID: 36313339 PMCID: PMC9597080 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1017538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone reconstruction includes a steady state system of bone formation and bone absorption. This tight coupling requires subtle coordination between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. If this balance is broken, it will lead to bone mass loss, bone density reduction, and bone metabolic diseases, such as osteoporosis. Polyphenols in Chinese herbal medicines are active ingredients in plant extracts with high safety and few side effects, and they can play a role in affecting bone formation and bone resorption. Some of these have estrogen-like effects and can better target bone health in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine polyphenols and bone formation or bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingjie Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyun Ye
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ronghua Zhang, ; Huaqin Tian, ; Panpan Wang,
| | - Huaqin Tian
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Ronghua Zhang, ; Huaqin Tian, ; Panpan Wang,
| | - Panpan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ronghua Zhang, ; Huaqin Tian, ; Panpan Wang,
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Isolation of Mirificin and Other Bioactive Isoflavone Glycosides from the Kudzu Root Lyophilisate Using Centrifugal Partition and Flash Chromatographic Techniques. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196227. [PMID: 36234764 PMCID: PMC9570587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi is a legume taxon native to Southeast Asia and widely used in traditional medicine systems of that region. The therapeutic applications of the underground parts of this species (known as kudzu root) are related to its high content of isoflavones, mainly the characteristic C-glycoside derivatives. Within this group, the most explored compound both phytochemically and pharmacologically is puerarin. However, current scientific findings document important anti-biodegenerative effects for some of the minor isoflavones from kudzu roots. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to develop an original preparative method that allowed the efficient isolation of closely related hydrophilic daidzein C-glycosides, including mirificin, from vacuum-dried aqueous-ethanolic extracts of kudzu roots. For this purpose, the combined centrifugal partition (CPC) and flash chromatographic (FC) techniques were elaborated and used. The optimized biphasic solvent system in CPC, with ethyl acetate, ethanol, water, and 0.5% (V/V) acetic acid as a mobile phase modifier, enabled the purification and separation of the polar fraction containing bioactive isoflavones and ultimately the isolation of mirificin, 3′-hydroxy- and 3′-methoxypuerarin, puerarin, and daidzin using FC. The identity of isoflavones was confirmed using spectroscopic (UV absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance) and mass spectrometric methods. The determined purity of isolated mirificin was 63%.
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Tyler SEB, Tyler LDK. Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer's disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35996065 PMCID: PMC9395556 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive and ultimately fatal, with current drugs failing to reverse and cure it. This study aimed to find plant species which may provide therapeutic bioactivities targeted to causal agents proposed to be driving AD. A novel toolkit methodology was employed, whereby clinical symptoms were translated into categories recognized in ethnomedicine. These categories were applied to find plant species with therapeutic effects, mined from ethnomedical surveys. Survey locations were mapped to assess how this data is at risk. Bioactivities were found of therapeutic relevance to 15 hypothesised causal bases for AD. 107 species with an ethnological report of memory improvement demonstrated therapeutic activity for all these 15 causal bases. The majority of the surveys were found to reside within biodiversity hotspots (centres of high biodiversity under threat), with loss of traditional knowledge the most common threat. Our findings suggest that the documented plants provide a large resource of AD therapeutic potential. In demonstrating bioactivities targeted to these causal bases, such plants may have the capacity to reduce or reverse AD, with promise as drug leads to target multiple AD hallmarks. However, there is a need to preserve ethnomedical knowledge, and the habitats on which this knowledge depends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke D K Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK
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He's Yangchao Recipe Ameliorates Ovarian Oxidative Stress of Aging Mice under Consecutive Superovulation Involving JNK- And P53-Related Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7705194. [PMID: 35845588 PMCID: PMC9286969 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7705194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of He's Yangchao Recipe (HSYC) on ameliorating ovarian oxidative stress of aging mice under consecutive superovulation. Methods An 8-month-old C57BL/6 female mouse was chosen to establish an aging model under ovarian hyperstimulation. Mice were randomly separated into four groups: R1 as the control group, R4 as the model group, NR4 with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) administration, and TR4 with HSYC administration. Oocyte collection, in vitro fertilization, and embryo culture were performed. The serum hormone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of oocytes, the number of growing follicles, corpus luteum, ovulated oocytes, and developing embryos at each stage, along with the proportions of fragmented oocytes and abnormal mitochondria in granulosa cells (GCs) and the apoptosis rate of GCs were calculated; the mRNA and protein levels of JNK, P53, BAX were detected by real-time PCR and the Simple Western System. Results HSYC enhanced estradiol, progesterone, and inhibin-B levels and increased growing follicle and corpus luteum and ovulated egg counts compared to the R4 group (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased the proportions of fragmented oocytes (P < 0.01); Meanwhile, embryos from mice subjected to four superovulation cycles with HSYC treated had a higher hatching potential. The ROS level of oocytes is downregulated by HSYC (P < 0.01) and the percentage of abnormal mitochondrial in ovaries of the TR4 group was also significantly declined compared to the R4 group (P < 0.05); the most TUNEL-positive cells proportion was detected in the R4 group; nevertheless, HSYC effectively attenuated this detrimental effect (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expressions of JNK and P53 in ovary tissues were reduced in the TR4 group while these genes were upregulated by repeated superovulation (P < 0.05). Conclusions HSYC exerted promising effects on promoting the diminished ovarian reserve and decreased oocyte quality induced by both aging and consecutive ovarian superovulation, potentially via the ROS/JNK/p53 pathway.
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