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Huang C, Zhang J, Wang H, Liang C. Exosomes That Have Different Cellular Origins Followed by the Impact They Have on Prostate Tumor Development in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e70001. [PMID: 39229670 PMCID: PMC11372288 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.70001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common urinary tumor with the highest incidence rate and the second among the leading causes of death worldwide for adult males. In the worldwide cancer incidence rate, PCa is on the increase. The cancerous cells in the prostate and cells in the microenvironment surrounding the tumor communicate through signal transduction, which is crucial for the development and spread of PCa. RECENT FINDINGS Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released into body fluids by various cells that can aid intercellular communication by releasing nucleic acids and proteins. Exosomes published by different types of cells in the tumor microenvironment can have varying impacts on the proliferation and growth of tumor cells via various signaling pathways, modes of action, and secreted cytokines. CONCLUSION The main purpose of this review is to describe the effects of different cell-derived exosomes in the tumor microenvironment of PCa on the progression of tumor cells, as well as to summarize and discuss the prospects for the application of exosomes in the treatment and diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Diseases Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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2
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Bao H, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lan H, Jin K. Exosomes-based immunotherapy for cancer: Effective components in the naïve and engineered forms. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112656. [PMID: 39043104 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Today, cancer treatment is one of the main challenges for researchers. The main cause of tumor cell formation is mutations that lead to uncontrolled proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in malignant cells. Tumor cells also create a microenvironment that can suppress the immune system cells' responses through various methods, including producing soluble factors and cell-to-cell communication. After being produced from tumor cells, exosomes can also affect the functions of other cells in this microenvironment. Various studies have shown that exosomes from different sources, including tumor cells and immune cells, can be used to treat cancers due to their characteristics. Since tumor cells are rich sources of various types of tumor peptides, they can induce anti-tumor responses. Immune cells also produce exosomes that mimic the functions of their cells of origin, such that exosomes derived from NK cells and CTLs can directly lead to their apoptosis after merging with tumor cells. However, many researchers have pointed out that naïve exosomes have a limited therapeutic function, and their therapeutic potential can be increased by manipulating and engineering them. There are various methods to modify exosomes and improve their therapeutic potential. In general, these methods are divided into two parts, which include changing the cell of origin of the exosome and encapsulating the exosome to carry different drugs. In this review, we will discuss the studies on the therapeutic use of naive and engineered exosomes and provide an update on new studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiashan First People's Hospital, Jiashan First People's Hospital Luoxing Branch, Jiashan, Zhejiang 314100, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xinchang People's Hospital, Affiliated Xinchang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Xinchang, Zhejiang 312500, China
| | - Youni Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317200, China
| | - Huanrong Lan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, China.
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
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Sovunjov E, Halbutoğulları ZS, Gacar G, Öztürk A, Duruksu G, Yazır Y. Examining the effect of activated cytotoxic (CD8 +) T-cell exosomes to the lung cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:359. [PMID: 37966661 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be a major health problem worldwide owing to its incidence, and causes physical, psychological, social, and economic problems. Activated cytotoxic T cells (ACTC) are positively correlated with the tumor microenvironment (TME), improving the prognosis of cancer patients. Recently, ACTC-derived exosomes (ACTC-dExo) were implicated in this effect by inhibiting mesenchymal stem cells, which may promote metastasis in the TME. Exosomes are thought to be advantageous for the specific delivery of drugs to cancer cells because they have the characteristics of natural liposomes, are nanosized, and remain largely stable in the blood due to the protein and lipid content they carry on their membranes. In this study, we aimed to determine the cytotoxic and metastatic inhibitory effects of ACTC-dExo in A549 cells in vitro. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were isolated from whole blood obtained from healthy individuals and cultured for 5-7 days after stimulation. The ACTC-dExo serum-free culture medium was collected by ultracentrifugation. Characterization and quantification of the isolated exosomes were performed using flow cytometry, electron microscopy, zeta-sizer measurements, and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assays. We co-cultured ACTC and ACTC-dExo with A549 cells for 48 h. The viability of A549 cells was evaluated using a WST-1 assay. The metastasis-related genes MMP2, MMP9, TWIST, SNAI1, and CDH1 were detected by qRT-PCR, and MMP2 and MMP9 proteins were evaluated by confocal microscopy. In addition, changes in cell migration were investigated using a scratch assay. ACTC-dExo were found to have anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects and reduced cancer cell proliferation and metastatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldar Sovunjov
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zehra Seda Halbutoğulları
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Gülçin Gacar
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Öztürk
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Duruksu
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Yazır
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Gong X, Chi H, Strohmer DF, Teichmann AT, Xia Z, Wang Q. Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1089410. [PMID: 36741380 PMCID: PMC9889675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1089410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with a very poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most common treatments for ovarian cancer, with unsatisfactory results. Exosomes are a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, which have a diameter of approximately 30-100 nm and are secreted by many different types of cells in various body fluids. Exosomes are highly stable and are effective carriers of immunotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies have shown that exosomes are involved in various cellular responses in the tumor microenvironment, influencing the development and therapeutic efficacy of ovarian cancer, and exhibiting dual roles in inhibiting and promoting tumor development. Exosomes also contain a variety of genes related to ovarian cancer immunotherapy that could be potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Undoubtedly, exosomes have great therapeutic potential in the field of ovarian cancer immunotherapy. However, translation of this idea to the clinic has not occurred. Therefore, it is important to understand how exosomes could be used in ovarian cancer immunotherapy to regulate tumor progression. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers of exosomes in different body fluids related to immunotherapy in ovarian cancer and the potential mechanisms by which exosomes influence immunotherapeutic response. We also discuss the prospects for clinical application of exosome-based immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dorothee Franziska Strohmer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Qin Wang,
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynecology and Breast Diseases (Gynecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Qin Wang,
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5
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Zhou Q, Wei S, Wang H, Li Y, Fan S, Cao Y, Wang C. T cell-derived exosomes in tumor immune modulation and immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130033. [PMID: 37153615 PMCID: PMC10157026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by most cells and have a phospholipid bilayer structure. Exosomes contain DNA, small RNA, proteins, and other substances that can carry proteins and nucleic acids and participate in communication between cells. T cells are an indispensable part of adaptive immunity, and the functions of T cell-derived exosomes have been widely studied. In the more than three decades since the discovery of exosomes, several studies have revealed that T cell-derived exosomes play a novel role in cell-to-cell signaling, especially in the tumor immune response. In this review, we discuss the function of exosomes derived from different T cell subsets, explore applications in tumor immunotherapy, and consider the associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujun Zhou
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenyu Wei
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shasha Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenglei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Chenglei Wang,
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Zeng EZ, Chen I, Chen X, Yuan X. Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Cell-Free Therapeutics in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2485. [PMID: 36289747 PMCID: PMC9598823 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles (50-1000 nm) that can be secreted by all cell types. Microvesicles and exosomes are the major subsets of EVs that exhibit the cell-cell communications and pathological functions of human tissues, and their therapeutic potentials. To further understand and engineer EVs for cell-free therapy, current developments in EV biogenesis and secretion pathways are discussed to illustrate the remaining gaps in EV biology. Specifically, microRNAs (miRs), as a major EV cargo that exert promising therapeutic results, are discussed in the context of biological origins, sorting and packing, and preclinical applications in disease progression and treatments. Moreover, advanced detection and engineering strategies for exosomal miRs are also reviewed. This article provides sufficient information and knowledge for the future design of EVs with specific miRs or protein cargos in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Z. Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Isabelle Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Los Altos High School, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 95616, USA
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7
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MicroRNAs in the cancer cell-to-cell communication: An insight into biological vehicles. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113449. [PMID: 36076563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Alahdal M, Elkord E. Promising use of immune cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1026. [PMID: 35988156 PMCID: PMC9393056 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is persistently threatening the lives of thousands of individuals globally. It triggers pulmonary oedema, driving to dyspnoea and lung failure. Viral infectivity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a genuine challenge due to the mutagenic genome and mysterious immune-pathophysiology. Early reports highlighted that extracellular vesicles (exosomes, Exos) work to enhance COVID-19 progression by mediating viral transmission, replication and mutations. Furthermore, recent studies revealed that Exos derived from immune cells play an essential role in the promotion of immune cell exhaustion by transferring regulatory lncRNAs and miRNAs from exhausted cells to the active cells. Fortunately, there are great chances to modulate the immune functions of Exos towards a sustained repression of COVID-19. Engineered Exos hold promising immunotherapeutic opportunities for remodelling cytotoxic T cells' function. Immune cell-derived Exos may trigger a stable epigenetic repression of viral infectivity, restore functional cytokine-producing T cells and rebalance immune response in severe infections by inducing functional T regulatory cells (Tregs). This review introduces a view on the current outcomes of immunopathology, and immunotherapeutic applications of immune cell-derived Exos in COVID-19, besides new perspectives to develop novel patterns of engineered Exos triggering novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.,Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
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9
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Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells in normal or pathological conditions for cell-cell communication. With immunomodulatory characteristics and potential therapeutic properties, immune-cell-derived exosomes play an important role in cancer therapy. They express various antigens on their surface, which can be employed for antigen presentation, immunological activation, and metabolic regulation, leading to the killing of cancerous cells. In addition, immune-cell-derived exosomes have received extensive attention as a drug delivery platform in effective antitumor therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high loading capacity. In this review, the biological and therapeutic characteristics of immune-cell-derived exosomes are comprehensively outlined. The antitumor mechanism of exosomes secreted by immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, are systematically summarized. Moreover, the applications of immune-cell-derived exosomes as nanocarriers to transport antitumor agents (chemotherapeutic drugs, genes, proteins, etc.) are discussed. More importantly, the existing challenges of immune-cell-derived exosomes are pointed out, and their antitumor potentials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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10
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Thome AD, Thonhoff JR, Zhao W, Faridar A, Wang J, Beers DR, Appel SH. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Ex Vivo Expanded Regulatory T Cells Modulate In Vitro and In Vivo Inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875825. [PMID: 35812435 PMCID: PMC9258040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are efficient biomarkers of disease and participate in disease pathogenesis; however, their use as clinical therapies to modify disease outcomes remains to be determined. Cell-based immune therapies, including regulatory T cells (Tregs), are currently being clinically evaluated for their usefulness in suppressing pro-inflammatory processes. The present study demonstrates that ex vivo expanded Tregs generate a large pool of EVs that express Treg-associated markers and suppress pro-inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Intravenous injection of Treg EVs into an LPS-induced mouse model of inflammation reduced peripheral pro-inflammatory transcripts and increased anti-inflammatory transcripts in myeloid cells as well as Tregs. Intranasal administration of enriched Treg EVs in this model also reduced pro-inflammatory transcripts and the associated neuroinflammatory responses. In a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, intranasal administration of enriched Treg EVs slowed disease progression, increased survival, and modulated inflammation within the diseased spinal cord. These findings support the therapeutic potential of expanded Treg EVs to suppress pro-inflammatory responses in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Thome
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jason R Thonhoff
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alireza Faridar
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jinghong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David R Beers
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Stanley H Appel
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Zebrowska A, Jelonek K, Mondal S, Gawin M, Mrowiec K, Widłak P, Whiteside T, Pietrowska M. Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiles of T Cell-Derived Exosomes Isolated from Human Plasma. Cells 2022; 11:1965. [PMID: 35741093 PMCID: PMC9222142 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes that are released by T cells are key messengers involved in immune regulation. However, the molecular profiling of these vesicles, which is necessary for understanding their functions, requires their isolation from a very heterogeneous mixture of extracellular vesicles that are present in the human plasma. It has been shown that exosomes that are produced by T cells could be isolated from plasma by immune capture using antibodies that target the CD3 antigen, which is a key component of the TCR complex that is present in all T lymphocytes. Here, we demonstrate that CD3(+) exosomes that are isolated from plasma can be used for high-throughput molecular profiling using proteomics and metabolomics tools. This profiling allowed for the identification of proteins and metabolites that differentiated the CD3(+) from the CD3(-) exosome fractions that were present in the plasma of healthy donors. Importantly, the proteins and metabolites that accumulated in the CD3(+) vesicles reflected the known molecular features of T lymphocytes. Hence, CD3(+) exosomes that are isolated from human plasma by immune capture could serve as a "T cell biopsy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Zebrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.J.); (M.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Karol Jelonek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.J.); (M.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Sujan Mondal
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA;
| | - Marta Gawin
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.J.); (M.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Mrowiec
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.J.); (M.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Piotr Widłak
- Clinical Research Support Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Theresa Whiteside
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.Z.); (K.J.); (M.G.); (K.M.)
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