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Lan F, Chen Z, Lin X. Systematic analysis and evaluation of chromosome aberrations in major birth defects associated with infertility. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2024; 13:29-35. [PMID: 38404732 PMCID: PMC10883841 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2023.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated an elevated risk of infertility in certain birth defects, including congenital heart disease (CHD), hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and disorders of sexual development (DSD). Although the identification of chromosomal abnormalities or chromosomal aberrations (CAs) is crucial for the diagnosis of these conditions, the assessment of CAs in these disorders remains unclear, and few large-scale studies have been conducted at multiple centers. The aim of the current study was to systematically evaluate the prevalence of CAs in CHD, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and DSD. Studies reporting CAs in these birth defects were retrospectively analyzed from 1991- 2023, using online databases such as PubMed and Google scholar as well as preprints and references from related literature. Comprehensive screening, data acquisition, and systematic assessments of the identified literature were performed. Ultimately, searches yielded a total of 7,356 samples from 14 published articles on CHD, 298 hypospadias cases from 4 published articles, 1,681 cryptorchidism cases from 4 published articles, and 2,876 DSD cases from 7 published articles. Carrier rates of CAs varied widely among these studies and conditions. A retrospective analysis revealed that CHD was associated with the highest carrier rate (26%) for CAs, followed by DSD (21%), hypospadias (9%), and cryptorchidism (5%). A subtype analysis of CAs indicated a higher prevalence of numerical abnormalities among the reported cases. Therefore, considering CAs in birth defects associated with infertility is imperative. This provides a foundation for the further clinical implementation of chromosomal screening and enhancing high-risk screening for individuals in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Lan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzhong Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Urogenital Development Research Center, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Akalin H, Sahin IO, Paskal SA, Tan B, Yalcinkaya E, Demir M, Yakubi M, Caliskan BO, Ekinci OG, Ercan M, Kucuk TY, Gokgoz G, Kiraz A, Per H, Ozgun MT, Baydilli N, Ozkul Y, Dundar M. Evaluation of chromosomal abnormalities in the postnatal cohort: A single-center study on 14,242 patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2024; 38:e24997. [PMID: 38115218 PMCID: PMC10829689 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Chromosomal analysis is a laboratory technique used to examine the chromosomes of an individual, offering insights into chromosome numbers, structures, and arrangements to diagnose and comprehend genetic diseases. This retrospective study provides a comprehensive understanding of the distribution by indications in a large cohort of 14,242 patients and the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in different clinical populations. METHOD The study examined various indications for karyotype evaluation, with recurrent pregnancy loss being the most common indication, followed by intellectual disability, dysmorphic features, congenital anomalies, and developmental delay. RESULTS The overall chromosomal abnormality rate was found to be 5.4%, with numerical abnormalities accounting for the majority of cases (61.7%). Trisomies, particularly trisomy 21, were the most frequent numerical abnormalities. In terms of structural abnormalities, inversions and translocations were the most commonly identified. The rates of chromosomal anomalies varied in specific indications such as amenorrhea, disorders of sex development, and Turner syndrome. The study also highlighted significant differences between males and females in the presence of chromosomal abnormalities across certain indications. Males exhibited a higher incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in cases of Down syndrome and infertility, whereas females showed higher abnormalities in terms of recurrent pregnancy loss. CONCLUSION While this study provides valuable insights into the frequency and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities, it has limitations, including its retrospective design and reliance on data from a single medical genetics department. Nevertheless, the findings emphasize the importance of karyotype analysis in diagnosing chromosomal disorders and providing appropriate management, while also pointing to potential gender-related variations in chromosomal abnormalities that warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Akalin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Izem Olcay Sahin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Seyma Aktas Paskal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Busra Tan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Ezgi Yalcinkaya
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Mikail Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Mustafa Yakubi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Busra Ozguc Caliskan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Ozlem Gokce Ekinci
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Mehmet Ercan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Tugce Yasar Kucuk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Gizem Gokgoz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Aslihan Kiraz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Huseyin Per
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Children's HospitalErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Mahmut Tuncay Ozgun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Numan Baydilli
- Department of Urology, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineErciyes UniversityKayseriTürkiye
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Ansari S, Verma M. Control of Ph + and additional chromosomal abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukemia by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Med Oncol 2023; 40:237. [PMID: 37439908 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that is known to affect hematopoietic stem cells. The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+) is the major characteristic of CML. A protein expressed by the Philadelphia chromosome shows elevated tyrosine kinase activity and is considered a tumorigenic factor. The first line of therapy that had been established for CML was "imatinib," a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Various other second- and third-generation TKIs are taken into account in cases of imatinib failure/resistance. With the subsequent rise in the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, optimization in the treatment of CML and amplified total survival were observed throughout TKI dosage. As the disease progresses, additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACAs) have been reported, but their prognostic effect and impact on the response to treatment are still unknown. However, some substantial understandings have been achieved into the disease transformation mechanisms, including the role of somatic mutations, ACAs, and several different genomic mutations that occur during diagnosis or have evolved during treatment. The acquisition of ACAs impedes CML treatment. Due to additional chromosomal lesions, there are greater chances of future disease progression at the time of CML diagnosis beyond the Ph+ translocation. The synchronous appearance of two or more ACAs leads to lower survival and is classified as a poor prognostic group. The key objective of this review is to provide detailed insights into TKIs and their role in controlling Ph+ and ACAs, along with their response, treatment, overall persistence, and survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ansari
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India
| | - Malkhey Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., 221005, India.
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Lin M, Wang H, Wang Y, Jiang SW. An atypical erectile dysfunction patient with infertility treated with penile prosthesis implantation and testicular epididymal sperm aspiration (TESA)-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34023. [PMID: 37352063 PMCID: PMC10289588 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in middle-aged and elderly men, affecting more than 100 million males worldwide. Most ED cases can be attributed to organic and/or psychological factors. Here we report an atypical ED case with no clear manifestation fitting the diagnosis for recognized types of ED. PATIENT CONCERNS The 35-year-old male is unable to have normal erection since puberty, and unable to complete intercourse with his wife. He had no history of trauma, surgery or psychiatric/psychological disease. The patient has a normal male karyotype. There is no significant finding in physical examination, nocturnal penile tumescence test, and ultrasound measurement of penis vascular functions. The serum levels of major hormones are all in normal ranges. DIAGNOSES Atypical ED, psychogenic ED not excluded; infertility. INTERVENTIONS Oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors Tadalafil (20 mg, BIW) or Sildenafil (50 mg, BIW) had no effect in this patient. Penile prosthesis implantation helped the patient to acquire normal sexual life, but did solve the ejaculation failure and infertility. Motile sperms were obtained by testicular epididymal sperm aspiration under the guidance of ultrasound, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed with occytes retrieved from his wife. OUTCOMES The patient sexual life was significantly improved after penile prosthesis implantation; the patient wife is currently in the first trimester of pregnancy as the result of in vitro fertilization. CONCLUSIONS The no response to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5) treatment may suggest an impediment of PDE5-related pharmacological pathways or the presence of defect/injury in the neural system. This special case raises a question if some patients with persistent ED may have similar manifestations and can be treated with the same procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Lin
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu, China
| | - Honghua Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Wen Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu, China
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Berry DP, Herman EK, Carthy TR, Jennings R, Bandi-Kenari N, O'Connor RE, Mee JF, O'Donovan J, Mathews D, Stothard P. Characterisation of eight cattle with Swyer syndrome by whole-genome sequencing. Anim Genet 2023; 54:93-103. [PMID: 36504456 DOI: 10.1111/age.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Swyer syndrome is where an individual has the karyotype of a typical male yet is phenotypically a female. The lack of a (functional) SRY gene located on the Y-chromosome is implicated in some cases of the Swyer syndrome, although many Swyer individuals with an apparently fully functional SRY gene have also been documented. The present study undertook whole genome sequence analyses of eight cattle with suspected Swyer syndrome and compared their genome to that of both a control male and female. Sequence analyses coupled with female phenotypes confirmed that all eight individuals had the 60,XY sex reversal Swyer syndrome. Seven of the eight Swyer syndrome individuals had a deletion on the Y chromosome encompassing the SRY gene (i.e., SRY-). The eighth individual had no obvious mutation in the SRY gene (SRY+) or indeed in any reported gene associated with sex reversal in mammals; a necropsy was performed on this individual. No testicles were detected during the necropsy. Histological examination of the reproductive tract revealed an immature uterine body and horns with inactive glandular tissue of normal histological appearance; both gonads were elongated, a characteristic of most reported cases of Swyer in mammals. The flanking sequence of 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms within 10 kb of the SRY gene are provided to help diagnose some cases of Swyer syndrome. These single nucleotide polymorphisms will not, however, detect all cases of Swyer syndrome since, as evidenced from the present study (and other studies), some individuals with the Swyer condition still contain the SRY gene (i.e., SRY+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Donagh P Berry
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Emily K Herman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tara R Carthy
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Nahid Bandi-Kenari
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - John F Mee
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Jim O'Donovan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Cork, Ireland
| | - Daragh Mathews
- Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Ballincollig, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Investigation of the relationship between reproductive disorders and chromosomal abnormalities in a large-scale, single-center 10-year retrospective study. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022; 51:102467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Benchikh S, Bousfiha A, El Hamouchi A, Soro SGC, Malki A, Nassereddine S. Chronic myeloid leukemia: cytogenetics and molecular biology’s part in the comprehension and management of the pathology and treatment evolution. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that affects hematopoietic stem cells and is often characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome. The Philadelphia chromosome encodes for a protein with high tyrosine kinase activity which acts as a tumorigenic factor.
Main body
This review article reports an update on the pathophysiology of CML and highlights the role of cytogenetic and molecular biology in screening, diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring as well as evaluating patients’ response to treatment. Additionally, these genetic tests allow identifying additional chromosomal abnormalities (ACA) and BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase domain mutations in intolerant or resistant patients. Thus, therapeutic advances have enabled this pathology to become manageable and almost curable in its clinical course. The scientific literature search used in the synthesis of this paper was carried out in the PubMed database, and the figures were generated using online software named BioRender.
Conclusion
The role of cytogenetic and molecular biology is crucial for the diagnosis and medical monitoring of patients. In-depth knowledge of molecular mechanisms of the BCR-ABL kinase facilitated the development of new targeted therapies that have improved the vital prognosis in patients. However, the emergence of ACA and new mutations resistant to tyrosine kinase inhibitors constitutes a real challenge in the quest for adequate therapy.
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