Effect of lncRNA PVT1/miR186/KLF5 Axis on the Occurrence and Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma

Clinical significance of lncRNA XIST expression in cholangiocarcinoma and its effect on cell migration and invasion

BACKGROUND

Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the bile duct system, and the prognosis of patients is poor. Currently, research suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the treatment and prevention of cholangiocarcinoma. This study primarily focuses on the regulation and potential mechanism of the lncRNA XIST (XIST) in cholangiocarcinoma.

METHODS

The levels of XIST and miR-126-3p in cholangiocarcinoma tissues and cells were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell transfection status, including migration and invasion, was examined via the Transwell method. The relationship between XIST and miR-126-3p was observed by dual-luciferase gene reporter assay and verified by rescue assays. Additionally, the prognostic significance of XIST in cholangiocarcinoma was determined using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

RESULTS

XIST expression was increased in cholangiocarcinoma, while miR-126-3p was decreased, in both tissues and cells. The successful construction of silencing XIST was found to inhibit the count of cell migration and invasion. XIST directly targeted miR-126-3p to regulate the progression of cholangiocarcinoma.

CONCLUSION

XIST sponging miR-126-3p inhibited the progression of cholangiocarcinoma and improved the prognosis for patients. This finding provides new insights and opportunities for future studies on cholangiocarcinoma prognostic biomarkers.

The Diagnostic and Prognostic Potentials of Non-Coding RNA in Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare biliary tract tumor with high malignancy. CCA is the second most common primary hepatobiliary cancer after hepatocarcinoma. Despite its rarity, the incidence of CCA is steadily increasing globally. Most patients with CCA are asymptomatic in the early stages, resulting in a late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Finding reliable biomarkers is essential to improve CCA's early diagnosis and survival rate. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNAs produced by genomic transcription. This includes microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. ncRNAs have multiple functions in regulating gene expression and are crucial for maintaining normal cell function and developing diseases. Many studies have shown that aberrantly expressed ncRNAs can regulate the occurrence and development of CCA. ncRNAs can be easily extracted and detected through tumor tissue and liquid biopsies, representing a potential tool for diagnosing and prognosis CCA. This review will provide a detailed update on the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of lncRNAs and cirRNAs as biomarkers in CCA.

Retracted: Effect of lncRNA PVT1/miR186/KLF5 Axis on the Occurrence and Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/8893652.].

LncRNA H19 aggravates primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation via KLF5-mediated activation of CCL28

The present study aims to elucidate the possible involvement of H19 in primary graft dysfunction (PGD) following lung transplantation (LT) and the underlying mechanism. The transcriptome data were obtained through high-throughput sequencing analysis, and the differential long noncoding RNAs and messenger RNAs were screened for coexpression analysis. The interaction among H19, KLF5 and CCL28 was analyzed. A hypoxia-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell injury model was established, in which H19 was knocked down to elucidate its effect on the lung function, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis. An orthotopic left LT model was constructed for in vivo mechanistic validation. High-throughput transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed the involvement of the H19/KLF5/CCL28 signaling axis in PGD. Silencing of H19 reduced inflammatory response and thus improved PGD. CCL28 secreted by human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells after LT recruited neutrophils and macrophages. Mechanistic investigations indicated that H19 augmented the expression of CCL28 by binding to the transcription factor KLF5. Abundant expression of CCL28 reversed the alleviating effect of H19 silencing on PGD. In conclusion, the results point out that H19 exerts a promoting effect on PGD through increasing KLF5 expression and the subsequent CCL28 expression. Our study provides a novel insight into the mechanism of action of H19.

Lnc-PKD2-2-3/miR-328/GPAM ceRNA Network Induces Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation, Invasion and 5-FU Chemoresistance

Purpose

Our previous study observed that long non-coding RNA PKD2-2-3 (lnc-PKD2-2-3) is related to advanced tumor features and worse prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Then, this study aimed to further explore the linkage between lnc-PKD2-2-3, miR-328, and GPAM, as well as their effects on regulating CCA viability, mobility, and chemosensitivity.

Methods

Lnc-PKD2-2-3, miR-328, and GPAM expression in 30 pairs of CCA tumor and adjacent tissues, as well as in CCA cell lines, were determined. Two CCA cell lines (HuCCT1 and TFK1) were transfected by lnc-PKD2-2-3 overexpression plasmid, lnc-PKD2-2-3 siRNA, miR-328 inhibitor, and GPAM siRNA alone or in combination, followed by cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and 5-FU chemosensitivity detection. Besides, xenograft mice were established for validation.

Results

Lnc-PKD2-2-3 and GPAM were higher, whereas miR-328 was lower in CCA tissues versus adjacent tissues and also in CCA cell lines versus control cells; meanwhile, they were correlated with each other (all P <0.05). Lnc-PKD2-2-3 knockdown decreased CCA cell proliferation, invasion, and increased apoptosis (all P <0.05), but lnc-PKD2-2-3 overexpression exhibited the opposite and weaker effect. MiR-328 knockdown induced CCA cell proliferation and invasion and also attenuated the effect of lnc-PKD2-2-3-knockdown in these functions (all P <0.05). Subsequently, GPAM knockdown reduced CCA cell proliferation and invasion and also weakened the effect of miR-328-knockdown in these functions (all P <0.05). Additionally, lnc-PKD2-2-3 positively regulated GPAM while negatively regulating miR-328. MiR-328 negatively modified GPAM in CCA cells. Luciferase gene reporter assays verified that lnc-PKD2-2-3 directly bound miR-328 and miR-328 directly bound GPAM. Finally, the lnc-PKD2-2-3/miR-328/GPAM network also regulated the 5-FU chemosensitivity of CCA cells. In vivo experiments further revealed that lnc-PKD2-2-3 overexpression promoted tumor volume and weight but repressed tumor apoptosis in xenograft mice; meanwhile, it increased GPAM expression but decreased miR-328 expression (all P <0.05). Conversely, lnc-PKD2-2-3 knockdown exhibited the opposite effects (all P <0.05).

Conclusion

Lnc-PKD2-2-3/miR-328/GPAM ceRNA network promotes CCA proliferation, invasion, and 5-FU chemoresistance.

Cholangiopathies and the noncoding revolution

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) among others, have attracted a great deal of attention for their potential role as master regulators of gene expression and as therapeutic targets. This review focuses on recent advances on the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the cholangiocytes (i.e. cholangiopathies).

RECENT FINDINGS

In the recent years, there has been an exponential growth in the knowledge on ncRNAs and their role in cholangiopathies, particularly cholangiocarcinoma.

SUMMARY

Although several studies focused on miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and staging, several studies also highlighted their functions and provided new insights into disease mechanisms.