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Pan JH, Lee MK, Chang MH, Crowley LN, Le BL, Lee DS, Kim TG, Kim D, Lee K, Ko SG, Lee JH, Lee SH, Kim JK. Optimized combination of Cervus nippon (Sika deer), Angelica (Dangui), and Rehmannia (Suk-jihwang) mitigates LPS-induced inflammation: exploring signaling pathways through plasma metabolomics. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1671-1683. [PMID: 38623429 PMCID: PMC11016027 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the optimal combination of three anti-inflammatory materials [i.e., Cervus nippon Temminck (CT), Angelica gigas Nakai (AN), and Rehmannia glutinosa (RG)] for the strongest anti-inflammatory potential. Eighteen combinations of the three materials were tested in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells via assessing nitric oxide (NO). The best combination from in vitro studies was administered to LPS-treated C57BL/6J mice for five days. Subsequently, plasma metabolites were profiled by bioinformatics analyses and validations. As results, 2, 20, and 50 µg/mL of CT, AN, and RG (TM) were the most effective combination suppressing inflammation. In mice, TM mitigated hepatic inflammatory markers. Similarly, the metabolomics indicated that TM may suppress NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating hepatic inflammation. TM also decreased systemic and hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, we found the optimal combination of TM for mitigating inflammation; thus further studies on safety, mechanisms, and clinical models are warranted for human applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01476-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Pan
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kook Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019 Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Han Chang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019 Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Liana N. Crowley
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Brandy L. Le
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Da Seul Lee
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kim
- The Bioinformatix Inc, Cheongju, 28674 Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Kangwook Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019 Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019 Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Biological Clock-Based Anti-aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hee Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019 Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Research Group for Omics-based Bio-health in Food Industry, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
- Biological Clock-Based Anti-aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong, 30019 Republic of Korea
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711 USA
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Choi GY, Kim KJ, Park HS, Hwang ES, Cho JM, Kim HB, Kim DO, Park JH. Phenolic changes in a combined herbal extract of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Houttuynia cordata, and Spirodela polyrhiza and alleviation of DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in BALB/c mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:129-144. [PMID: 38186620 PMCID: PMC10766889 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease showing skin barrier dysfunction, eczematous lesions, severe itching, and abnormal immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine whether an herb combination of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE), Houttuynia cordata (HC), and Spirodela polyrhiza (SP) has a superior anti-AD effect. Forty-two compounds were identified in LE, HC, SP, and a combined herb extract of LE, HC, and SP (LHS) using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (MS). The concentration of flavonoid glycosides including orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucoside), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside in the LHS was increased than in individual extracts. Furthermore, the treatment of LHS most effectively inhibited the increase of epidermal thickness, the number of mast cells, and the release of immunoglobulin E compared with that with each extract. These results suggest that the potential anti-AD effects of the LHS are due to the changes of bioactive compounds by the combination of herbs. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01329-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Young Choi
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Joong Kim
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center, Incheon, 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Park
- Department of Gerontology (Age Tech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Department of Gerontology (Age Tech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Bum Kim
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Gerontology (Age Tech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Gu H, Chen K. Effect of ophiopogonin D on the pharmacokinetics and transport of cryptotanshinone during their co-administration and the potential mechanism. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:557-563. [PMID: 37291736 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone and ophiopogonin D are sourced from herbs with similar indications. It is necessary to evaluate their interaction to provide a reference for their clinical prescriptions. The co-administration of cryptotanshinone (30 and 60 mg/kg) and ophiopogonin D was carried out in Sprague-Dawley rats and the pharmacokinetics of cryptotanshinone were analyzed. The Caco-2 cells were employed to evaluate the transport of cryptotanshinone, and the metabolic stability was studied in the rat liver microsomes. Ophiopogonin D significantly increased the Cmax (from 5.56 ± 0.26 to 8.58 ± 0.71 μg/mL and from 15.99 ± 1.81 to 185.12 ± 1.43 μg/mL), half-life (21.72 ± 10.63 vs. 11.47 ± 3.62 h and 12.58 ± 5.97 vs. 8.75 ± 2.71 h) and decreased the clearance rate (0.697 ± 0.36 vs. 1.71 ± 0.15 L/h/kg) and (60 mg/kg and 0.101 ± 0.02 vs. 0.165 ± 0.05 L/h/kg) of cryptotanshinone. In vitro, ophiopogonin D significantly suppressed the transport of cryptotanshinone with the decreasing efflux rate and enhanced the metabolic stability with the reducing intrinsic clearance. The combination of cryptotanshinone and ophiopogonin D induced prolonged exposure and suppressed the transport of cryptotanshinone, which indicated the decreased bioavailability of cryptotanshinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Pharmacy Management Section, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Gu
- Pharmacy Management Section, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixia Chen
- Pharmacy Management Section, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
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Pharmacological Interaction of Quercetin Derivatives of Tilia americana and Clinical Drugs in Experimental Fibromyalgia. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100916. [PMID: 36295818 PMCID: PMC9607183 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a pain syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain and CNS comorbidities. Tilia americana var. mexicana is a medicinal species used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and acute or chronic pain. However, its spectrum of analgesic efficacy for dysfunctional pain is unknown. To investigate a possible therapeutic alternative for FM-type pain, an aqueous Tilia extract (TE) and its flavonoid fraction (FF) containing rutin and isoquercitrin were evaluated alone and/or combined with clinical drugs (tramadol—TRA and pramipexol—PRA) using the reserpine-induced FM model in rats. Chromatographic analysis allowed the characterization of flavonoids, while a histological analysis confirmed their presence in the brain. TE (10–100 mg/kg, i.p.) and FF (10–300 mg/kg, i.p.) produced significant and dose-dependent antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects equivalent to TRA (3–10 mg/kg, i.p.) or PRA (0.01–1 mg/kg, s.c.). Nevertheless, the combination of FF + TRA or FF + PRA resulted in an antagonistic interaction by possible competitive action on the serotonin transporter or µ-opioid and D2 receptors, respectively, according to the in silico analysis. Flavonoids were identified in cerebral regions because of their self-epifluorescence. In conclusion, Tilia possesses potential properties to relieve FM-type pain. However, the consumption of this plant or flavonoids such as quercetin derivatives in combination with analgesic drugs might reduce their individual benefits.
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Roles of Syzygium in Anti-Cholinesterase, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant: From Alzheimer’s Perspective. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111476. [PMID: 35684249 PMCID: PMC9183156 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. It is triggered by multifaceted burdens such as cholinergic toxicity, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Syzygium plants are ethnomedicinally used in treating inflammation, diabetes, as well as memory impairment. They are rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds, which can be multi-target neuroprotective agents against AD. This review attempts to review the pharmacological importance of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotection, focusing on anti-cholinesterase, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Articles published in bibliographic databases within recent years relevant to neuroprotection were reviewed. About 10 species were examined for their anti-cholinesterase capacity. Most studies were conducted in the form of extracts rather than compounds. Syzygium aromaticum (particularly its essential oil and eugenol component) represents the most studied species owing to its economic significance in food and therapy. The molecular mechanisms of Syzygium species in neuroprotection include the inhibition of AChE to correct cholinergic transmission, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, RIS production, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, the restoration of brain ions homeostasis, the inhibition of microglial invasion, the modulation of ß-cell insulin release, the enhancement of lipid accumulation, glucose uptake, and adiponectin secretion via the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Additional efforts are warranted to explore less studied species, including the Australian and Western Syzygium species. The effectiveness of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotective responses is markedly established, but further compound isolation, in silico, and clinical studies are demanded.
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Optimizing the Method of Rosemary Essential Oils Extraction by Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Characterization and Toxicological Assessment. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a plant with needle-shaped leaves. It is mainly found in Mediterranean regions (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia). Rosemary essential oil (EO) has several therapeutic virtues that were widely studied. However, the use of this EO is restricted due to its sensitivity to oxidation. Nanoencapsulation based on EO and polymers has been developed as one of the promising techniques to overcome this limitation. In this study, the emphasis was on optimizing the extraction and formulation of a food additive based on rosemary EO. In fact, the results showed that rosemary EO extraction depended on the parameters of the extraction process, and the optimum heating temperature and extraction time were determined using an experimental design methodology. The parameters for extraction were chosen as follows: heating temperature of 250 °C and a hydrodistillation time of 180 min. This optimization revealed that the maximum oil yield can be obtained. Rosemary EO was characterized by a dominance of 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-pinene, borneol and camphene as well as by high antioxidant and antibacterial capacities with low acute toxicity. The obtained formulation of a stable rosemary EO powder can be used as a food additive in several industrial applications.
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