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Wang K, Xia Z, Yu R, Zhang W, Wang Z, Zhu M, Li R, Hu Z, Chen Z, Xu K, Mu C. Novel Hydrogel Adjuvant of Chinese Medicine External Preparations for Accelerated Healing of Deep Soft Tissue Injuries. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4425-4436. [PMID: 38597148 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine external prescriptions have displayed excellent clinical effects for treating deep soft tissue injuries. However, the effects cannot be fully utilized due to the limitations of their dosage forms and usage methods. It is still a challenge to develop a satisfactory adjuvant of traditional Chinese medicine external prescriptions. Herein, a hydrogel adjuvant was prepared based on gallic acid coupled ε-poly-l-lysine and partially oxidized hyaluronic acid. The resulting adjuvant shows great physicochemical properties, low hemolysis rate (still much less than 5% at 5 mg/mL), excellent antibacterial ability (about 95% at 2 mg/mL), strong antioxidant ability (1.687 ± 0.085 mmol FeSO4/(g hydrogel) at 1 mg/mL), as well as outstanding biocompatibility. A clinically used Chinese medicine external preparation was selected as an example to investigate the effectiveness of the adjuvant in treating deep soft tissue injuries. The results show that the prescription can be evenly dispersed in the adjuvant. Moreover, the introduction of the prescription has not significantly changed these advanced properties of the adjuvant. Importantly, the hydrogel adjuvant significantly improves the effectiveness of the prescription in treating deep soft tissue injuries. This work offers an alternative approach to the development of a new-type adjuvant of Chinese medicine external preparations and also provides a new strategy for the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and hydrogel to treat clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zuyan Xia
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wendi Zhang
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Minshun Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Renzhong Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhimu Hu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Kui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, Anhui, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Mu
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
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Zhu WH, Shen Y, Xiao Y, Shi Q, Fan ZX, Feng YQ, Wan HB, Qu B, Zhao J, Zhang WQ, Xu GH, Wu XQ, Tang DZ. Efficacy and safety of Wuhu oral liquid in treating acute soft tissue injuries: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1335182. [PMID: 38464733 PMCID: PMC10921885 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1335182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Wuhu Oral Liquid (WHOL) is a modified preparation derived from the famous Wuhu Powder, which has a long history of use in treating traumatic injuries. This preparation has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and accelerates recovery following acute soft tissue injuries. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of WHOL in treating acute soft tissue injury associated with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome and to provide a basis for applying for the protection of varieties of Chinese medicine for WHOL. Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial in which Fufang Shang Tong Capsule (FFSTC) was selected as the control drug. A total of 480 subjects with acute soft tissue injury associated with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into a test and control group in a 3:1 ratio. The duration of drug treatment was 10 days. The primary outcome was Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for pain (including pain at rest and pain on activity). Secondary outcomes included the disappearance time of the pain at rest and on activity; the curative effect of TCM syndrome and improvement in the individual symptoms of TCM (swelling, ecchymosis, and dysfunction); and changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Safety was assessed using vital signs, laboratory examinations, electrocardiograms, and physical examinations. Results: Patient compliance was satisfactory in both groups (all between 80% and 120%). After 4 days of treatment, the WHOL group was superior to the FFSTC group in decreasing the VAS scores for pain at rest (-1.88 ± 1.13 vs. -1.60 ± 0.93, p < 0.05) and on activity (-2.16 ± 1.18 vs. -1.80 ± 1.07, p < 0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the WHOL group was superior to the FFSTC group in decreasing the VAS scores for pain on activity (-3.87 ± 1.60 vs. -3.35 ± 1.30, p < 0.01) and improving swelling (cure rate: 60.4% vs. 46.2%, p < 0.05; obvious effective rate: 60.7% vs. 47.0%, p < 0.05). After 10 days of treatment, the WHOL group was superior to the FFSTC group in decreasing the levels of CRP (-0.13 ± 2.85 vs. 0.25 ± 2.09, p < 0.05) and improving the TCM syndrome (cure rate: 44.1% vs. 30.8%, p < 0.05) and swelling (cure rate: 75.6% vs. 67.5%, p < 0.01; obvious effective rate: 75.6% vs. 68.4%, p < 0.05; effective rate: 77.0% vs. 71.8%, p < 0.05). The disappearance time of pain at rest was 8 days in both groups and 9 days on activity in both groups. In addition, there was no statistical difference between the incidence of adverse events (4.5% vs. 2.6%, p > 0.05) and adverse reactions (0.3% vs. 0%, p > 0.05) between the WHOL group and the FFSTC group. No serious adverse events occurred in either group, and no subjects were withdrawn because of adverse events. Conclusion: WHOL relieves the symptoms caused by acute soft tissue injury associated with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome more rapidly than FFSTC, and it is effective and safe in the treatment of acute soft tissue injury. Future studies still need a larger sample size to verify its efficacy and safety. Clinical Trial Registration: https:// www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=149531, Identifier ChiCTR2200056411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Zhu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Fan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Qi Feng
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wan
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Qu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Zhang
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hui Xu
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qun Wu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Zhi Tang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Spine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Zhou X, Tan F, Zhang S, Wang A, Zhang T. A Strategy based on Bioinformatics and Machine Learning Algorithms Reveals Potential Mechanisms of Shelian Capsule against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:377-405. [PMID: 38310567 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128284465240108071554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent and life-threatening form of cancer, with Shelian Capsule (SLC), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, being recommended for clinical treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain elusive. This study sought to uncover the potential mechanisms of SLC in HCC treatment using bioinformatics methods. METHODS Bioactive components of SLC were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), and HCC-related microarray chip data were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The selection criteria for components included OB ≧ 30% and DL ≧ 0.18. By integrating the results of differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), disease-related genes were identified. Therapeutic targets were determined as shared items between candidate targets and disease genes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was conducted for concatenated genes, with core protein clusters identified using the MCODE plugin. Machine learning algorithms were applied to identify signature genes within therapeutic targets. Subsequently, immune cell infiltration analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNA seq) analysis, molecular docking, and ADME analysis were performed for the screened genes. RESULTS A total of 153 SLC ingredients and 170 candidate targets were identified, along with 494 HCCrelated disease genes. Overlapping items between disease genes and drug candidates represented therapeutic genes, and PPI network analysis was conducted using concatenated genes. MCODE1 and MCODE2 cluster genes underwent Disease Ontology (DO), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Four signature genes (TOP2A, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and IGFBP3) were identified from 28 therapeutic genes using 3 machine learning algorithms, with ROC curves plotted. Molecular docking validated the interaction modes and binding abilities between signature genes and corresponding compounds, with free binding energy all <-7 kcal/mol. Finally, ADME analysis revealed similarities between certain SLC components and the clinical drugs Sorafenib and Lenvatinib. CONCLUSION In summary, our study revealed that the mechanism underlying the anti-HCC effects of SLC involves interactions at three levels: components (quercetin, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, baicalein, stigmasterol, and luteolin), pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway), and targets (TOP2A, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and IGFBP3). This study provides preliminary insights into the potential pharmacological mechanisms of SLC in HCC treatment, aiming to support its clinical application and serve as a reference for future laboratory investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Jing'an District Central Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shanghai Medical College, Jing'an District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Suxian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Jing'an District Central Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - An'an Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiansong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Jing'an District Central Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Shanghai Medical College, Jing'an District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
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Wang M, Yang N, Wu X, Zou T, Zheng J, Zhu H, Zhao C, Wang J. Insight into Nephrotoxicity and Processing Mechanism of Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott by Metabolomics and Network Analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1831-1846. [PMID: 37360574 PMCID: PMC10289099 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s406551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arisaematis Rhizome (AR) has been used as a damp-drying, phlegm-resolving, wind-expelling, pain-alleviating, and swelling-relieving drug for thousands of years. However, the toxicity limits its clinical applications. Therefore, AR is usually processed (Paozhi in Chinese) prior to clinical use. In this study, the integration of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/ time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and network analysis was adopted to investigate the metabolic shifts induced by AR and explore the processing mechanism. Materials and Methods Extracts of crude and processed AR products (1g/kg) were intragastrically administered to rats once daily for four consecutive weeks. The renal function was evaluated by blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD), the ratio of glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and histopathological examination. Furthermore, the chemical composition of AR was clarified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/ time-of-flight mass spectrometry, after which the integration of metabolomics and network analysis was adopted to investigate the metabolic shifts induced by AR and explore the processing mechanism. Results Crude AR caused renal damage by stimulating inflammation and oxidative stress, as confirmed by the increased production of IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA, and decreased levels of SOD, GSH/GSSH and GSH-Px. Processing with ginger juice, alumen and bile juice alleviated the damage to kidney. Metabolomics results showed that a total of 35 potential biomarkers enriched in amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid-related pathways, etc. were deduced to be responsible for the nephrotoxicity of AR and the toxicity-reducing effect of processing. Conclusion This work provided theoretical and data support for the in-depth study of the processing mechanism, showing that processing reduces AR nephrotoxicity through multiple metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaijun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongbo Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang M, Li H, Zhang L, Li J, Wang X, Luo L, Zhang J, Liu D. Formulation of Aucklandiae Radix Extract-Loaded Nanoemulsions and Its Characterization and Evaluations In Vitro and In Vivo. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3156-3179. [PMID: 36564675 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen, design, and evaluate an optimal nanoemulsion formulation for Aucklandiae Radix extraction (ARE). A simple lattice design (SLD) method was used to determine the preparation process of Aucklandiae Radix extract-nanoemulsions (ARE-NEs). After optimization, the average particle size of ARE-NEs was 14.1 ± 1.1 nm, polydispersity index was 0.2376, and pH was 6.92. In vitro penetration tests verified that the permeability ratios of costunolide (CE), dehydrocostus lactone (DE), and ARE-NEs were approximately 6.33 times and 8.20 times higher, respectively, than those of the control group. The results of the pharmacokinetic study indicated that after topical administration, the content of the index components of ARE-NEs increased in vivo, with a longer release time and higher bioavailability in vivo than in vitro. The index components were CE and DE, respectively. In addition, a skin irritation test was conducted on normal and skin-damaged rabbits, aided by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy, to reveal the transdermal mechanism of ARE-NEs and proved that NEs are safe for topical application. ARE-NEs energetically developed the properties of skin and penetration through the transdermal route, which were secure when applied via the transdermal delivery system .
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Luo
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Dailin Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China.
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Arisaema heterophyllum Blume Monomer Stigmasterol Targets PPAR γ and Inhibits the Viability and Tumorigenicity of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells NCI-H1975. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5377690. [PMID: 35911149 PMCID: PMC9328949 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5377690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of Arisaema heterophyllum Blume (AhBl) monomer stigmasterol on lung adenocarcinoma in human lung adenocarcinoma cells NCI-H1975 cultured in vitro and in nude mice. Oil red O staining, free fatty acid detection, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and NADPH were applied to elucidate the regulatory effect of stigmasterol on the energy metabolism of NCI-H1975 cells. Simultaneously, colony formation assay and nude mouse tumorigenesis were performed to clarify the underlying mechanisms of stigmasterol on the proliferation and tumorigenesis of NCI-H1975 cells. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 was supplemented to determine the expression changes of cyclins to clarify the regulation mechanism of stigmasterol. The results revealed that stigmasterol administration markedly inhibited the viability but promoted lipid deposition of NCI-H1975 cells. Meanwhile, the reduction of cell energy metabolism affected cell proliferation and colony formation. qPCR and western blot assays indicated that stigmasterol played a role in regulating the expression of cyclins and PPARγ signaling pathway proteins. Nude mouse tumorigenesis suggested that tumor size and weight in the stigmasterol-treated group were apparently lower as compared with the control group. Tumor tissue cells developed varying degrees of degeneration and large areas of ischemic necrosis presented in the central and peripheral cells. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that Ki67 expression in the stigmasterol group was substantially inhibited, while PPARγ expression was greatly elevated as compared with the control. GW9662 could mediate the inhibitory effect of stigmasterol on NCI-H1975 cells. The current study demonstrated that stigmasterol targeted PPARγ and inhibited the viability and tumorigenicity of lung adenocarcinoma cells NCI-H1975.
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Hu Y, Gu S, Yuan X, Li H, Yuan C, Ye Q. Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation and treatment by stages of Parkinson's disease: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Chin Med 2022; 17:68. [PMID: 35698234 PMCID: PMC9190110 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease common in aged populations. Classified by Hoehn & Yahr stages, patients are often divided into mild/early stage, moderate/middle stage, and advanced/late stage. With disease progression, PD shows high heterogeneity in each stage. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation theory and our previous works, we found that during the early stage, the main syndrome is Yin deficiency of the liver and kidney; during the moderate stage, the main syndromes are phlegm heat and wind stirring and blood stasis and wind stirring; and during the late stage, the dominant syndromes are deficiency of Yin and Yang and deficiency of Qi and blood. Hence, we proposed a new model of TCM treatment by the stage of PD. Based on Shudi Pingchan formula, an experimental formula of our team, we developed Ziyin Pingchan formula, Jiedu Pingchan formula, and Fuzheng Pingchan formula to treat each stage. This study is designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of treating Parkinson’s disease by stages using traditional Chinese medicine and to provide an evidence base for forming a standardized scheme of diagnosis and treatment. Methods This study is designed as a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients will be stratified into 3 subgroups according to Hoehn & Yahr stage; 172, 168, and 72 participants will be required to be in the mild PD, moderate PD, and advanced PD subgroups, respectively, and will be randomized into the treatment or control group at a 1:1 ratio. The mild PD subgroup will receive a 48-week intervention, and the other 2 groups will receive a 24-week intervention. All groups will have a follow-up visit 12 weeks after starting the intervention. The intervention group will receive the Ziyin Pingchan formula, Jiedu Pingchan formula, or Fuzheng Pingchan formula, and the control group will receive the corresponding placebo. The primary outcomes will be the first addition of levodopa for the mild PD subgroup, the duration of the “OFF” period for the moderate PD subgroup, and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) for the advanced PD subgroup. The secondary outcomes will also be verified by subgroups, including the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale-2 (PDSS-2), scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease—Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT), and the nonmotor symptom scale (NMSS). Expected outcomes To our knowledge, this is the first trial to combine TCM syndrome differentiation with PD clinical stages and put it into clinical practice. The results of this trial will provide clinical evidence for the therapeutic effect of TCM formulas on PD patients of all stages and help build a new TCM treatment by stage model of PD. Trial registration: This trial is registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/). Registration number: ChiCTR2200056373, Date: 2022–02-04, version 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Hu
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Sichun Gu
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolei Yuan
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Canxing Yuan
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Encephalopathy Department, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, China.
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