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Kumar R, De M. Simultaneous bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soil and water ecosystems using mixed culture of Acinetobacter baumannii IITG19 and Providencia vermicola IITG20. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38837716 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2361171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Diesel degradation and bacterial growth were investigated in soil, marine water, and freshwater ecosystems using Acinetobacter baumannii IITG19, Providencia vermicola IITG20, and their mixed culture. Both bacteria were found to be effective in all three ecosystems, with the best degradation occurring in freshwater. Acinetobacter baumannii IITG19 showed higher degradation (59%, 62%, and 76%) than Providencia vermicola IITG20 (31%, 57%, and 67%) in soil, marine water, and freshwater, respectively. Alkanes showed higher degradation than naphthenes and aromatics for both strains. The mixed culture showed higher diesel degradation efficiency than individual strains in all ecosystems. The overall degradation was similar in soil and marine water (66%), while freshwater showed the highest degradation of 81%. In the presence of the mixed culture, the degradation of alkanes was more than 90%. Bacterial growth was highest in freshwater and lowest in soil for both bacteria and the mixed culture. Metabolite analysis confirmed alcoholic degradation for alkanes and cyclo-alcoholic degradation for naphthenes. The degradation rate for mixed culture was higher than that of both the individual strains. The mixed culture had highest degradation rate constant in freshwater at 0.11 day-1 followed by that in marine ecosystem at 0.078 day-1. The rate constant was lowest for soil ecosystem at 0.066 day-1. Thus the mixed culture showed effectiveness in all three ecosystems, with its highest effectiveness observed in the freshwater ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Mahuya De
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Akinsemolu AA, Onyeaka H, Odion S, Adebanjo I. Exploring Bacillus subtilis: Ecology, biotechnological applications, and future prospects. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300614. [PMID: 38507723 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
From its early identification by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg to its current prominence in scientific research, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) has emerged as a foundational model organism in microbiology. This comprehensive review delves deep into its genetic, physiological, and biochemical intricacies, revealing a sophisticated cellular blueprint. With the incorporation of advanced techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 and integrative computational methodologies, the potential applications of B. subtilis span diverse sectors. These encompass its significant contributions to biotechnology, agriculture, and medical fields and its potential for aiding environmental cleanup efforts. Yet, as we move forward, we must grapple with concerns related to safety, ethics, and the practical implementation of our lab findings in everyday scenarios. As our understanding of B. subtilis deepens, it is evident that its contributions will be central to pioneering sustainable solutions for global challenges in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenike A Akinsemolu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- The Green Microbiology Lab, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- The Green Microbiology Lab, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel Odion
- The Green Microbiology Lab, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- The Green Institute, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Idris Adebanjo
- The Green Microbiology Lab, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Okouakoua FY, Kayath CA, Mokemiabeka SN, Moukala DCR, Kaya-Ongoto MD, Nguimbi E. Involvement of the Bacillus SecYEG Pathway in Biosurfactant Production and Biofilm Formation. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:6627190. [PMID: 38725978 PMCID: PMC11081756 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6627190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With Bacillus species, about 30% of extracellular proteins are translocated through the cytoplasmic membrane, coordinated by the Sec translocase. This system mainly consists of the cytoplasmic ATPase SecA and the membrane-embedded SecYEG channel. The purpose of this work was to investigate the effects of the SecYEG export system on the production of industrial biomolecules, such as biosurfactants, proteases, amylases, and cellulases. Fifty-two isolates of Bacillus species were obtained from traditional fermented foods and then characterized using molecular microbiology methods. The isolates secreted exoenzymes that included cellulases, amylases, and proteases. We present evidence that a biosurfactant-like molecule requires the SecA ATPase and the SecYEG membrane channel for its secretion. In addition, we showed that biomolecules involved in biofilm formation required the SecYEG pathway. This work presents a novel seven-target fragment multiplex PCR assay capable of identification at the species level of Bacillus through a unique SecDF chromosomal gene. The bacterial membrane protein SecDF allowed the discrimination of Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. sonorensis. SecA was able to interact with AprE, AmyE, and TasA. The Rose Bengal inhibitor of SecA crucially affected the interaction of AprE, AmyE, TapA, and TasA with recombinant Gst-SecA. The Rose Bengal prevented Bacillus species from secreting and producing proteases, cellulases, amylases, and biosurfactant-like molecules. It also inhibited the formation of biofilm cell communities. The data support, for the first time, that the SecYEG translocon mediates the secretion of a biosurfactant-like molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Yannick Okouakoua
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien N'GOUABI, BP. 69, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Avenue de l'Auberge Gascogne, B.P 2400, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Christian Aimé Kayath
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien N'GOUABI, BP. 69, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Avenue de l'Auberge Gascogne, B.P 2400, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Saturnin Nicaise Mokemiabeka
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien N'GOUABI, BP. 69, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Avenue de l'Auberge Gascogne, B.P 2400, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - David Charles Roland Moukala
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien N'GOUABI, BP. 69, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Avenue de l'Auberge Gascogne, B.P 2400, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Moïse Doria Kaya-Ongoto
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien N'GOUABI, BP. 69, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Avenue de l'Auberge Gascogne, B.P 2400, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Etienne Nguimbi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (BCM), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien N'GOUABI, BP. 69, Brazzaville, Congo
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Naturelles (IRSEN), Avenue de l'Auberge Gascogne, B.P 2400, Brazzaville, Congo
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Bhadra S, Chettri D, Kumar Verma A. Biosurfactants: Secondary Metabolites Involved in the Process of Bioremediation and Biofilm Removal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5541-5567. [PMID: 35579742 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for environmentally friendly methods to remove persistent substances such as organic pollutants and sessile communities such as biofilms that severely affect the environment and human health resulted in biosurfactant discovery. Owing to their low level of toxicity and high biodegradability, biosurfactants are increasingly preferred to be used for removal of pollutants from nature. These amphipathic molecules can be synthesized inexpensively, employing cheap substrates such as agricultural and industrial wastes. Recent progress has been made in identifying various biosurfactants that can be used to remove organic pollutants and harmful microbial aggregates, as well as novel microbial strains that produce these surface-active molecules to survive in a hydrocarbon-rich environment. This review focuses on the identification and understanding the role of biosurfactants and the microorganisms involved in the removal of biofilms and remediation of xenobiotics and various types of hydrocarbons such as crude oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, asphaltenes, naphthenes, and other petroleum products. This property of biosurfactant is very important as biofilms are of great concern due to their impact on the environment, public health, and industries worldwide. This work also includes several advanced molecular methods that can be used to enhance the production of biosurfactants by the microorganisms studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Bhadra
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India.
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Ja'afaru MI, Abbas T, Ajunwa OM, Olaifa K. Characterization and statistical optimization of biosurfactant production using Bacillus subtilis isolated from automotive oil-contaminated soil in Yola, Nigeria. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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