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Pratt BG, Lee SYJ, Chou GM, Tuthill JC. Miniature linear and split-belt treadmills reveal mechanisms of adaptive motor control in walking Drosophila. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)01082-0. [PMID: 39216486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
To navigate complex environments, walking animals must detect and overcome unexpected perturbations. One technical challenge when investigating adaptive locomotion is measuring behavioral responses to precise perturbations during naturalistic walking; another is that manipulating neural activity in sensorimotor circuits often reduces spontaneous locomotion. To overcome these obstacles, we introduce miniature treadmill systems for coercing locomotion and tracking 3D kinematics of walking Drosophila. By systematically comparing walking in three experimental setups, we show that flies compelled to walk on the linear treadmill have similar stepping kinematics to freely walking flies, while kinematics of tethered walking flies are subtly different. Genetically silencing mechanosensory neurons altered step kinematics of flies walking on the linear treadmill across all speeds. We also discovered that flies can maintain a forward heading on a split-belt treadmill by specifically adapting the step distance of their middle legs. These findings suggest that proprioceptive feedback contributes to leg motor control irrespective of walking speed and that the fly's middle legs play a specialized role in stabilizing locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Pratt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Su-Yee J Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Grant M Chou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John C Tuthill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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2
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Miqueleiz U, Aguado-Jimenez R, Lecumberri P, Gorostiaga EM. Consistency of sex-based differences between treadmill and overground running using an inertial measurement unit (IMU). J Biomech 2024; 172:112202. [PMID: 38945010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Differences in running gait between treadmill and overground running has been subject of study, while consistency of group differences between running surfaces has not been previously analysed. This study examined both the differences between running surfaces and the consistency of sex-based differences between surfaces in some spatiotemporal and kinematic variables measured by an inertial measurement unit fastened over the lumbar spine. Thirty-two (sixteen females) endurance runners firstly performed overground and then treadmill (1 % inclination) runs at speeds between 9-21 km∙h-1. Males showed lower flight time (FT) [moderate effect size (ES)] during treadmill running compared to overground, while females showed greater stride frequency (SF) (moderate ES), lower stride length (SL) (moderate ES), FT (moderate ES), and vertical (VT) trunk displacement (moderate ES), as well as greater medio-lateral (ML) trunk displacement (moderate ES). No differences in CT between surfaces were found (trivial to small). Furthermore, all the sex-differences were consistent between treadmill and overground running: Males showed lower SF (large and moderate ES, respectively), greater SL (large and moderate ES) and CT (moderate and large ES), lower FT (large ES), greater VT displacement (moderate to large ES), and lower ML displacement (moderate ES) than females. These results may be of interest to carefully transfer the running gait analyses between surfaces depending on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unai Miqueleiz
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain; Studies, Research and Sports Medicine Centre (CEIMD), Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Lecumberri
- Department of Mathematics, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Esteban M Gorostiaga
- Studies, Research and Sports Medicine Centre (CEIMD), Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
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3
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Gómez-Piqueras P, Alcaraz PE. If You Want to Prevent Hamstring Injuries in Soccer, Run Fast: A Narrative Review about Practical Considerations of Sprint Training. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:134. [PMID: 38787003 PMCID: PMC11126098 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are one of the most common injuries in sprint-based sports. In soccer, the ability to sprint is key, not only because of its relation to performance but also due to its possible protective effect against HSIs. Although many authors have focused on the "how", "when", and "what" training load should be implemented, there is a lack of practical proposals for sprint training in a high-level professional environment. The objective of this narrative review is, after a deep review of the scientific literature, to present a practical approach for sprint training, trying to answer some of the questions that most strength and conditioning coaches ask themselves when including it in soccer. Once the literature published on this topic was reviewed and combined with the practical experience of the authors, it was concluded that sprint training in soccer, although it presents an obvious need, is not something about which there is methodological unanimity. However, following the practical recommendations from this narrative review, strength and conditioning coaches can have a reference model that serves as a starting point for optimal management of the internal and external training load when they wish to introduce sprint training in the competitive microcycle in professional soccer players, with the aim of reducing HSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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Mohammadi Nejad Rashty A, Sharbafi MA, Mohseni O, Seyfarth A. Role of compliant mechanics and motor control in hopping - from human to robot. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6820. [PMID: 38514699 PMCID: PMC10957903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Compliant leg function found during bouncy gaits in humans and animals can be considered a role model for designing and controlling bioinspired robots and assistive devices. The human musculoskeletal design and control differ from distal to proximal joints in the leg. The specific mechanical properties of different leg parts could simplify motor control, e.g., by taking advantage of passive body dynamics. This control embodiment is complemented by neural reflex circuitries shaping human motor control. This study investigates the contribution of specific passive and active properties at different leg joint levels in human hopping at different hopping frequencies. We analyze the kinematics and kinetics of human leg joints to design and control a bioinspired hopping robot. In addition, this robot is used as a test rig to validate the identified concepts from human hopping. We found that the more distal the joint, the higher the possibility of benefit from passive compliant leg structures. A passive elastic element nicely describes the ankle joint function. In contrast, a more significant contribution to energy management using an active element (e.g., by feedback control) is predicted for the knee and hip joints. The ankle and knee joints are the key contributors to adjusting hopping frequency. Humans can speed up hopping by increasing ankle stiffness and tuning corresponding knee control parameters. We found that the force-modulated compliance (FMC) as an abstract reflex-based control beside a fixed spring can predict human knee torque-angle patterns at different frequencies. These developed bioinspired models for ankle and knee joints were applied to design and control the EPA-hopper-II robot. The experimental results support our biomechanical findings while indicating potential robot improvements. Based on the proposed model and the robot's experimental results, passive compliant elements (e.g. tendons) have a larger capacity to contribute to the distal joint function compared to proximal joints. With the use of more compliant elements in the distal joint, a larger contribution to managing energy changes is observed in the upper joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Mohammadi Nejad Rashty
- Lauflabor Locomotion Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science and Centre for Cognitive Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany.
| | - Maziar A Sharbafi
- Lauflabor Locomotion Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science and Centre for Cognitive Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Omid Mohseni
- Lauflabor Locomotion Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science and Centre for Cognitive Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - André Seyfarth
- Lauflabor Locomotion Laboratory, Institute of Sport Science and Centre for Cognitive Science, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
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Fiori L, Castiglia SF, Chini G, Draicchio F, Sacco F, Serrao M, Tatarelli A, Varrecchia T, Ranavolo A. The Lower Limb Muscle Co-Activation Map during Human Locomotion: From Slow Walking to Running. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:288. [PMID: 38534562 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) controls movements and regulates joint stiffness with muscle co-activation, but until now, few studies have examined muscle pairs during running. This study aims to investigate differences in lower limb muscle coactivation during gait at different speeds, from walking to running. Nineteen healthy runners walked and ran at speeds ranging from 0.8 km/h to 9.3 km/h. Twelve lower limb muscles' co-activation was calculated using the time-varying multi-muscle co-activation function (TMCf) with global, flexor-extension, and rostro-caudal approaches. Spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters were also measured. We found that TMCf, spatiotemporal, and kinematic parameters were significantly affected by gait speed for all approaches. Significant differences were observed in the main parameters of each co-activation approach and in the spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters at the transition between walking and running. In particular, significant differences were observed in the global co-activation (CIglob, main effect F(1,17) = 641.04, p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001), the stride length (main effect F(1,17) = 253.03, p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001), the stride frequency (main effect F(1,17) = 714.22, p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001) and the Center of Mass displacement in the vertical (CoMy, main effect F(1,17) = 426.2, p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001) and medial-lateral (CoMz, main effect F(1,17) = 120.29 p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001) directions. Regarding the correlation analysis, the CoMy was positively correlated with a higher CIglob (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHMglob, r = -0.83, p < 0.001), whereas the CoMz was positively correlated with the global Center of Activity (CoAglob, r = 0.97, p < 0.001). Positive and negative strong correlations were found between global co-activation parameters and center of mass displacements, as well as some spatiotemporal parameters, regardless of gait speed. Our findings suggest that walking and running have different co-activation patterns and kinematic characteristics, with the whole-limb stiffness exerted more synchronously and stably during running. The co-activation indexes and kinematic parameters could be the result of global co-activation, which is a sensory-control integration process used by the CNS to deal with more demanding and potentially unstable tasks like running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fiori
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
- Behavioral Neuroscience PhD Program, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Filippo Castiglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via Franco Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Sacco
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Serrao
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via Franco Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Tatarelli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiwana Varrecchia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ranavolo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
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Esmaeili A, Hosseininejad SE, Jafarnezhadgero A, Dionisio VC. The interaction effect of different footwear types and static navicular drop or dynamic ankle pronation on the joint stiffness of the lower limb during running. Gait Posture 2024; 108:28-34. [PMID: 37979323 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the effects of footwear type on joint stiffness have previously been investigated, researchers did not consider foot flexibility. Thus, the present investigation aimed to determine the interaction effects of footwear type, static navicular drop and dynamic ankle pronation on dynamic joint stiffness in running. RESEARCH QUESTION Does the footwear types in interaction with the foot posture affect the stiffness of the joints of the lower limb? METHODS Forty-seven male individuals participated in this study. Firstly, they were divided into the high navicular, low navicular, and normal navicular drop. Secondly, they were divided into the high dynamic ankle pronation, low dynamic ankle pronation, and normal dynamic ankle pronation groups. Participants performed three running trials at 3 ± 0.2 m/s at minimalist footwear, conventional footwear, and barefoot conditions. We collected the ground reaction forces and three-dimensional kinematic data and calculated joint stiffness over the stance phase. RESULTS There was no significant main effect of navicular drop or dynamic ankle pronation on dynamic joint stiffness for the ankle, knee, and hip (p > 0.05). However, footwear type significantly affected dynamic joint stiffness. The pairwise comparison revealed that the ankle and hip dynamic joint stiffness magnitudes in the conventional footwear condition were greater than in the barefoot and minimalist footwear conditions (p 0.001). In contrast, the knee dynamic joint stiffness magnitude in the conventional footwear condition was lesser than in barefoot and minimalist footwear conditions (p 0.001). SIGNIFICANCE The navicular drop or dynamic ankle pronation did not influence lower limb joint stiffness, and there was no significant interaction between navicular drop or dynamic ankle pronation and footwear on lower limb dynamic joint stiffness. However, conventional footwear increased the ankle and hip dynamic joint stiffness while reducing knee dynamic joint stiffness, leading to changes in transfer energy, which could have implications for relative injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeili
- Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Sayed Esmaeil Hosseininejad
- Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
| | - AmirAli Jafarnezhadgero
- Department of Sport Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Valdeci Carlos Dionisio
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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Ferreira RM, Silva R, Vigário P, Martins PN, Casanova F, Fernandes RJ, Sampaio AR. The Effects of Massage Guns on Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:138. [PMID: 37754971 PMCID: PMC10532323 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of massage guns has become increasingly popular in recent years. Although their use is more and more common, both in a clinical and sports context, there is still little information to guide the practitioners. This systematic review aimed to determine the effects of massage guns in healthy and unhealthy populations as pre- and post-activity or part of a treatment. Data sources used were PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, and the study eligibility criteria were based on "healthy and unhealthy individuals", "massage guns", "pre-activity, post-activity or part of a treatment" and "randomized and non-randomized studies" (P.I.C.O.S.). Initially, 281 records were screened, but only 11 could be included. Ten had a moderate risk of bias and one a high risk of bias. Massage guns could be effective in improving iliopsoas, hamstrings, triceps suralis and the posterior chain muscles' flexibility. In strength, balance, acceleration, agility and explosive activities, it either did not have improvements or it even showed a decrease in performance. In the recovery-related outcomes, massage guns were shown to be cost-effective instruments for stiffness reduction, range of motion and strength improvements after a fatigue protocol. No differences were found in contraction time, rating of perceived exertion or lactate concentration. Massage guns can help to improve short-term range of motion, flexibility and recovery-related outcomes, but their use in strength, balance, acceleration, agility and explosive activities is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Maia Ferreira
- Polytechnic Institute of Maia, N2i, Physical Fitness, Sports and Exercise Department, Avenida Carlos de Oliveira Campos, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal; (R.M.F.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (P.N.M.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Physioterapy Department, Rua 5 de Outubro, São Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Dr. Lopes Dias Health School, Physioterapy Department, Avenida do Empresário, 6000-767 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Rafael Silva
- Polytechnic Institute of Maia, N2i, Physical Fitness, Sports and Exercise Department, Avenida Carlos de Oliveira Campos, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal; (R.M.F.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (P.N.M.)
| | - Pedro Vigário
- Polytechnic Institute of Maia, N2i, Physical Fitness, Sports and Exercise Department, Avenida Carlos de Oliveira Campos, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal; (R.M.F.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (P.N.M.)
| | - Pedro Nunes Martins
- Polytechnic Institute of Maia, N2i, Physical Fitness, Sports and Exercise Department, Avenida Carlos de Oliveira Campos, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal; (R.M.F.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (P.N.M.)
| | - Filipe Casanova
- Center for Research in Sport, Physical Education, Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Jorge Fernandes
- Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Center for Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - António Rodrigues Sampaio
- Polytechnic Institute of Maia, N2i, Physical Fitness, Sports and Exercise Department, Avenida Carlos de Oliveira Campos, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal; (R.M.F.); (R.S.); (P.V.); (P.N.M.)
- Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto, Center for Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Sports Department, Avenida Carlos de Oliveira Campos, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
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Santos TRT, Araújo PA, Okai-Nóbrega LA, Gomide RDS, Araújo VL, Saucedo F, Vieira MF, Fonseca ST. Vertical stiffness and lower limb inter-joint coordination in older versus younger runners. J Biomech 2023; 157:111705. [PMID: 37421910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Older runners (OR) are increasing their participation in races. Aging may impact the adopted running pattern. Hence, the analysis of stiffness and the inter-joint lower limb coordination in the sagittal plane could contribute to investigating this impact. This study aimed to compare the vertical stiffness (Kvert) and the inter-joint lower limb coordination in the sagittal plane between younger runners (YR) and OR. This cross-sectional study recruited 15 YR males and 15 OR males. The pelvis and lower limb motions were assessed while running on a treadmill at self-selected (range OR: 1.94-3.75 m.s-1, YR: 2.08-4.17 m.s-1) and fixed speeds (3.33 m.s-1). Hip-ankle, knee-ankle, and hip-knee coupling angle (CA) and its variability (CAV) were extracted using the vector coding method. Mann-Whitney U tests compared Kvert between groups at each running speed. Watson's U2 tests compared the mean CA between groups in three intervals of the contact phase at each running speed. Statistical Parametric Mapping independent t-test compared the CAV curve between groups at each running speed. OR showed greater Kvert than YR at both speeds. Hip-ankle CA pattern differed between groups during the early stance at both speed conditions. OR showed in-phase, distal dominancy in hip-ankle CA, whereas YR showed anti-phase, proximal dominancy. Knee-ankle CA was distinct only at self-selected speed, in which OR showed in-phase, proximal dominancy, while YR exhibited anti-phase, proximal dominancy. CAV did not differ between groups. The findings showed that OR adopted a stiffer pattern characterized by distinct inter-joint lower limb CA, at early stance, during self-selected and fixed speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila Albuquerque Araújo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Liria Akie Okai-Nóbrega
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Sousa Gomide
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lara Araújo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus Fraga Vieira
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Sergio Teixeira Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Cartón-Llorente A, Rubio-Peirotén A, Cardiel-Sánchez S, Roche-Seruendo LE, Jaén-Carrillo D. Training Specificity in Trail Running: A Single-Arm Trial on the Influence of Weighted Vest on Power and Kinematics in Trained Trail Runners. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6411. [PMID: 37514705 PMCID: PMC10384182 DOI: 10.3390/s23146411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Participants in trail running races must carry their equipment throughout the race. This additional load modifies running biomechanics. Novel running powermeters allow further analyses of key running metrics. This study aims to determine the acute effects of running with extra weights on running power generation and running kinematics at submaximal speed. Fifteen male amateur trail runners completed three treadmill running sessions with a weighted vest of 0-, 5-, or 10% of their body mass (BM), at 8, 10, 12, and 14 km·h-1. Mean power output (MPO), leg spring stiffness (LSS), ground contact time (GCT), flight time (FT), step frequency (SF), step length (SL), vertical oscillation (VO), and duty factor (DF) were estimated with the Stryd wearable system. The one-way ANOVA revealed higher GCT and MPO and lower DF, VO, and FT for the +10% BM compared to the two other conditions (p < 0.001) for the running speeds evaluated (ES: 0.2-7.0). After post-hoc testing, LSS resulted to be higher for +5% BM than for the +10% and +0% BM conditions (ES: 0.2 and 0.4). Running with lighter loads (i.e., +5% BM) takes the principle of specificity in trail running one step further, enhancing running power generation and LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Diego Jaén-Carrillo
- Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Zhao H, Cao J, Liao WH. Simultaneous Estimation of the Vertical Stiffness in the Knee and Hip for Healthy Human Subjects during Walking. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020187. [PMID: 36829680 PMCID: PMC9952526 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The stiffness of lower limb joints is a critical characteristic of walking. To investigate the potential of establishing a simple and universal model to describe the characteristics related to vertical vibration during human walking, vertical stiffness is introduced at the knee and hip. A multi-mass-spring model of the human body is established in the vertical direction. In the Fourier form, results of experiments on 14 healthy adults show that the vertical displacements of joints are a function of the leg length and walking cadence, while the ground reaction force is a function of the body weight and walking cadence. The obtained universal equations of vertical displacement and ground reaction force are employed as the input parameters to the proposed multi-mass-spring model. Thus, the vertical stiffness in the knee and hip can then be estimated simultaneously by the subject's weight, leg length, and walking cadence. The variation of vertical stiffness shows different time-varying trends in different gait phases across the entire gait cycle. Finally, the proposed model for vertical stiffness estimation is validated by the vertical oscillation of the pelvis. The average error across three gait cycles for all subjects is 20.48%, with a standard deviation of 5.44%. These results display that the vertical stiffness of knee and hip across the entire gait cycle can be directly estimated by individual parameters that are easy to measure. It provides a different view of human walking analysis and may be applied in future pathological gait recognition, bipedal robots, and lower limb exoskeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Junyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei-Hsin Liao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077, China
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Powell DW, Fong HB, Nelson AK. Increasing breast support is associated with altered knee joint stiffness and contributing knee joint biomechanics during treadmill running. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1113952. [PMID: 37152112 PMCID: PMC10160436 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Greater breast support has been associated with improved running performance as measured by oxygen cost and running economy. Several candidate mechanisms have been proposed to underlie breast support-related improvements in running performance including increased knee joint stiffness. Greater knee joint stiffness has been associated with improved running performance (speed and metabolic cost), though the influence of breast support on knee joint stiffness has not been previously investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of increasing breast support on knee joint stiffness and its constituent components during treadmill running. Methods Thirteen recreational runners performed a 3-min running bout at their preferred running velocity in each of three breast support conditions: bare chested (CON), low support (LOW) and high support (HIGH) sports bras. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected simultaneously using a 10-camera motion capture system (240 Hz, Qualisys Inc.) and instrumented treadmill (1,200 Hz, Bertec Inc.). Visual3D (C-Motion Inc.) was used to calculate knee joint excursions, moments, powers and work while custom software (MATLAB) was used to calculate knee joint stiffness and breast displacements during the stance phase of running in each experimental condition. A series of 1 × 3 repeated measures analysis of covariance with post-hoc t-tests was used to evaluate the effect of breast support on knee joint biomechanics during treadmill running. Results Increasing levels of breast support were associated with greater knee joint stiffness (p = 0.002) as a result of smaller knee flexion excursions (p < 0.001). Increases in knee extension power (p = 0.010) were observed with increasing levels of breast support while no differences were observed in knee extension moments (p = 0.202) or work (p = 0.104). Conclusion Greater breast support is associated with increased knee joint stiffness resulting from smaller joint excursions. These findings may provide insight into the biomechanical mechanisms underlying previously reported improvements in running performance including reduced oxygen consumption and greater running economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Powell
- Breast Biomechanics Research Center, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Correspondence: Douglas W. Powell
| | - Hailey B. Fong
- Breast Biomechanics Research Center, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alexis K. Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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12
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Liu B, Wu J, Shi Q, Hao F, Xiao W, Yu J, Yu F, Ren Z. Running economy and lower extremity stiffness in endurance runners: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1059221. [PMID: 36518102 PMCID: PMC9742541 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1059221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Lower extremity stiffness simulates the response of the lower extremity to landing in running. However, its relationship with running economy (RE) remains unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between lower extremity stiffness and RE. Methods: This study utilized articles from the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus discussing the relationships between RE and indicators of lower extremity stiffness, namely vertical stiffness, leg stiffness, and joint stiffness. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Care (JBI). Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to summarize effect sizes, and meta-regression analysis was used to assess the extent of this association between speed and participant level. Result: In total, thirteen studies involving 272 runners met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The quality of the thirteen studies ranged from moderate to high. The meta-analysis results showed a negative correlation between vertical stiffness (r = -0.520, 95% CI, -0.635 to -0.384, p < 0.001) and leg stiffness (r = -0.568, 95% CI, -0.723 to -0.357, p < 0.001) and RE. Additional, there was a small negative correlation between knee stiffness and RE (r = -0.290, 95% CI, -0.508 to -0.037, p = 0.025). Meta-regression results showed that the extent to which leg stiffness was negatively correlated with RE was influenced by speed (coefficient = -0.409, p = 0.020, r 2 = 0.79) and participant maximal oxygen uptake (coefficient = -0.068, p = 0.010, r 2 = 0.92). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that vertical, leg and knee stiffness were negatively correlated with RE. In addition, maximum oxygen uptake and speed will determine whether the runner can take full advantage of leg stiffness to minimize energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinlong Wu
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuqiong Shi
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fengwei Hao
- School of Physical Education and Sports Exercise, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingxuan Yu
- College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengyu Yu
- College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- College of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Pamboris GM, Noorkoiv M, Baltzopoulos V, Powell DW, Howes T, Mohagheghi AA. Influence of dynamic stretching on ankle joint stiffness, vertical stiffness and running economy during treadmill running. Front Physiol 2022; 13:948442. [PMID: 36277222 PMCID: PMC9583136 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.948442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether and how dynamic stretching of the plantarflexors may influence running economy. A crossover design with a minimum of 48 h between experimental (dynamic stretching) and control conditions was used. Twelve recreational runners performed a step-wise incremental protocol to the limit of tolerance on a motorised instrumented treadmill. The initial speed was 2.3 m/s, followed by increments of 0.2 m/s every 3 min. Dynamic joint stiffness, vertical stiffness and running kinematics during the initial stage of the protocol were calculated. Running economy was evaluated using online gas-analysis. For each participant, the minimum number of stages completed before peak O2 uptake (V̇O2peak) common to the two testing conditions was used to calculate the gradient of a linear regression line between V̇O2 (y-axis) and speed (x-axis). The number of stages, which ranged between 4 and 8, was used to construct individual subject regression equations. Non-clinical forms of magnitude-based decision method were used to assess outcomes. The dynamic stretching protocol resulted in a possible decrease in dynamic ankle joint stiffness (−10.7%; 90% confidence limits ±16.1%), a possible decrease in vertical stiffness (−2.3%, ±4.3%), a possibly beneficial effect on running economy (−4.0%, ±8.3%), and very likely decrease in gastrocnemius medialis muscle activation (−27.1%, ±39.2%). The results indicate that dynamic stretching improves running economy, possibly via decreases in dynamic joint and vertical stiffness and muscle activation. Together, these results imply that dynamic stretching should be recommended as part of the warm-up for running training in recreational athletes examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Pamboris
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Division of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marika Noorkoiv
- Division of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilios Baltzopoulos
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas W. Powell
- School of Health Studies, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Tom Howes
- Division of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amir A. Mohagheghi
- Division of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Amir A. Mohagheghi,
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14
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Hanley B, Tucker CB, Gallagher L, Parelkar P, Thomas L, Crespo R, Price RJ. Grizzlies and gazelles: Duty factor is an effective measure for categorizing running style in English Premier League soccer players. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:939676. [PMID: 36016922 PMCID: PMC9397540 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.939676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
English Premier League soccer players run at multiple speeds throughout a game. The aim of this study was to assess how well the duty factor, a dimensionless ratio based on temporal variables, described running styles in professional soccer players. A total of 25 players ran on an instrumented treadmill at 12, 16, and 20 km/h. Spatiotemporal and ground reaction force data were recorded for 30 s at each speed; video data (500 Hz) were collected to determine footstrike patterns. In addition to correlation analysis amongst the 25 players, two groups (both N = 9) of high and low duty factors were compared. The duty factor was negatively correlated with peak vertical force, center of mass (CM) vertical displacement, and leg stiffness (kleg) at all speeds (r ≥ −0.51, p ≤ 0.009). The low duty factor group had shorter contact times, longer flight times, higher peak vertical forces, greater CM vertical displacement, and higher kleg (p < 0.01). Among the high DF group players, eight were rearfoot strikers at all speeds, compared with three in the low group. The duty factor is an effective measure for categorizing soccer players as being on a continuum from terrestrial (high duty factor) to aerial (low duty factor) running styles, which we metaphorically refer to as “grizzlies” and “gazelles,” respectively. Because the duty factor distinguishes running style, there are implications for the training regimens of grizzlies and gazelles in soccer, and exercises to improve performance should be developed based on the biomechanical advantages of each spontaneous running style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hanley
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Brian Hanley
| | | | - Liam Gallagher
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Parag Parelkar
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Thomas
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rubén Crespo
- Leeds United Football Club, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rob J. Price
- Leeds United Football Club, Leeds, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhang Q, Nassis GP, Chen S, Shi Y, Li F. Not Lower-Limb Joint Strength and Stiffness but Vertical Stiffness and Isometric Force-Time Characteristics Correlate With Running Economy in Recreational Male Runners. Front Physiol 2022; 13:940761. [PMID: 35837015 PMCID: PMC9273997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.940761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular characteristics, such as lower-limb joint strength, the ability to reuse elastic energy, and to generate force are essential factors influencing running performance. However, their relationship with running economy (RE) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlations between isokinetic lower-limb joint peak torque (PT), lower-limb stiffness, isometric force-time characteristics and RE among recreational-trained male runners. Thirty male collegiate runners (aged 20–22 years, VO2max: 54.02 ± 4.67 ml·kg−1·min−1) participated in test sessions on four separate days. In the first session, the body composition and RE at 10 km·h−1 were determined. In the second session, leg and vertical stiffness (Kleg and Kvert), knee and ankle stiffness (Kknee and Kankle) were evaluated. In the third session, isokinetic knee and ankle joint PT at velocity of 60°s−1 were tested. The force-time characteristics of isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) were evaluated in the final session. The Pearson’s product-moment correlations analysis shows that there were no significant relationships between knee and ankle joint concentric and eccentric PT, Kknee and Kankle, Kleg, and RE at 10 km·h−1. However, Kvert (r = −0.449, p < 0.05) and time-specific rate of force development (RFD) for IMTP from 0 to 50 to 0–300 ms (r = −0.434 to −0.534, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with RE. Therefore, superior RE in recreational runners may not be related to knee and ankle joint strength and stiffness. It seems to be associated with vertical stiffness and the capacity to rapidly produce force within 50–300 ms throughout the lower limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - George P. Nassis
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Shiqin Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Li,
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16
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Šuc A, Šarko P, Pleša J, Kozinc Ž. Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel) 2022; 10:sports10070098. [PMID: 35878109 PMCID: PMC9319953 DOI: 10.3390/sports10070098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-accepted that at least a certain amount of resistance exercise (RE) is recommended for most endurance athletes. In this review, we aim to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of RE on running economy, running biomechanics, and running-related injury risk in endurance runners. The evidence robustly shows that lower limb RE is effective for improving running economy and performance, with a combination of strength and plyometric training being recommended to improve RE. Isometric training is also emerging as a possible alternative to implement during periods of high overall training load. Lower limb RE may change some aspects of joint kinematics during running; however, the evidence regarding the effects on kinetics is limited. Lower limb RE may help reduce running-related injury risk, but further evidence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Šuc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (P.Š.); (J.P.)
| | - Pija Šarko
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (P.Š.); (J.P.)
| | - Jernej Pleša
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (P.Š.); (J.P.)
| | - Žiga Kozinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia; (A.Š.); (P.Š.); (J.P.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Dauty M, Grondin J, Daley P, Louguet B, Menu P, Fouasson-Chailloux A. Consequences of the SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Anaerobic Performances in Young Elite Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116418. [PMID: 35682003 PMCID: PMC9180319 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic required local confinement measures reducing sport practice with possible consequences on the athletes’ performances. Furthermore, anaerobic detraining was underestimated and poorly known in adolescents. This article aimed to assess the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1-month COVID-19 confinement on jump testing in young elite soccer players despite a 1-month multimodal training program followed by a 1-month soccer retraining period. Thirty-one elite soccer players aged 14 were included; 16 were infected by the SARS-CoV-2 and compared with 15 non-infected elite soccer players before and after 1 month of COVID-19 confinement, and after 1 month of a soccer retraining period. Squat jumps (SJ), countermovement jumps with (CMJs) and without arm swinging (CMJ) and multiple consecutive jumps (stiffness) were used to explore the anaerobic performances. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to compare the positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 groups, taking into account the confinement period (low training) and the retraining soccer period. The jump tests were not altered in the positive SARS-CoV-2 group compared to the negative SARS-CoV-2 group after confinement (SJ: 31.6 ± 5.6 vs. 32.7 ± 3.7; CMJ: 34.1 ± 6.9 vs. 34.2 ± 2.6; CMJs: 38.6 ± 6.8 vs. 40.3 ± 3.9; stiffness: 28.5 ± 4.3 vs. 29.1 ± 3.7) and at 1 month of this period (SJ: 33.8 ± 5.5 vs. 36.2 ± 4.6; CMJ: 34.7 ± 5.5 vs. 36.4 ± 3.5; CMJs: 40.4 ± 6.7 vs. 42.7 ± 5.5; stiffness: 32.6 ± 4.7 vs. 34.0 ± 4.3). The SARS-CoV-2 infection had no consequence on anaerobic performances assessed by jump tests in adolescent soccer players. The adolescents’ growth could explain the absence of alteration of jump performances during the COVID-19 confinement. These results can be useful to manage the recovery of the anaerobic fitness after SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring in adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dauty
- Nantes Université, Service de Médecine du Sport, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (M.D.); (J.G.); (P.D.); (B.L.); (P.M.)
- Nantes Université, Service de Physique et Réadaptation Locomotrice et Respiratoire, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, ONIRIS, 44042 Nantes, France
- Institut Régional de Médecine du Sport, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Grondin
- Nantes Université, Service de Médecine du Sport, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (M.D.); (J.G.); (P.D.); (B.L.); (P.M.)
- Nantes Université, Service de Physique et Réadaptation Locomotrice et Respiratoire, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Pauline Daley
- Nantes Université, Service de Médecine du Sport, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (M.D.); (J.G.); (P.D.); (B.L.); (P.M.)
- Nantes Université, Service de Physique et Réadaptation Locomotrice et Respiratoire, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Bastien Louguet
- Nantes Université, Service de Médecine du Sport, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (M.D.); (J.G.); (P.D.); (B.L.); (P.M.)
- Institut Régional de Médecine du Sport, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Menu
- Nantes Université, Service de Médecine du Sport, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (M.D.); (J.G.); (P.D.); (B.L.); (P.M.)
- Nantes Université, Service de Physique et Réadaptation Locomotrice et Respiratoire, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, ONIRIS, 44042 Nantes, France
- Institut Régional de Médecine du Sport, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Alban Fouasson-Chailloux
- Nantes Université, Service de Médecine du Sport, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France; (M.D.); (J.G.); (P.D.); (B.L.); (P.M.)
- Nantes Université, Service de Physique et Réadaptation Locomotrice et Respiratoire, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, ONIRIS, 44042 Nantes, France
- Institut Régional de Médecine du Sport, 44093 Nantes, France
- Correspondence:
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18
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Chen S, Wang D, Zhang Q, Shi Y, Ding H, Li F. Relationship Between Isokinetic Lower-Limb Joint Strength, Isometric Time Force Characteristics, and Leg-Spring Stiffness in Recreational Runners. Front Physiol 2022; 12:797682. [PMID: 35126180 PMCID: PMC8814442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.797682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular characteristics, such as lower-limb joint strength and the ability to rapidly generate force, may play an important role in leg-spring stiffness regulation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between isokinetic knee and ankle joint peak torque (PT), the force-time characteristics of isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), and leg stiffness (Kleg)/vertical stiffness (Kvert) in recreationally trained runners. Thirty-one male runners were recruited and underwent three separate tests. In the first session, the body composition, Kleg, and Kvert at running speeds of 12 and 14 km⋅h–1 were measured. In the second session, isokinetic knee and ankle joint PT at 60°⋅s–1 were tested. The force-time characteristics of the IMTP were evaluated in the final session. Pearson’s product-moment correlations, with the Benjamini–Hochberg correction procedure, showed that the knee flexor concentric and eccentric and extensor concentric PT (r = 0.473–0.654, p < 0.05) were moderate to largely correlated with Kleg and Kvert at 12 and 14 km⋅h–1. The knee extensor eccentric PT (r = 0.440, p = 0.050) was moderately correlated with the 14 km⋅h–1Kvert. The ankle plantar flexor concentric and dorsiflexor eccentric PT (r = 0.506–0.571, p < 0.05) were largely correlated with Kleg at 12 km⋅h–1. The ankle plantar flexor concentric and eccentric and dorsiflexor eccentric PT (r = 0.436–0.561, p < 0.05) were moderate to largely correlated with Kvert at 12 and 14 km⋅h–1. For IMTP testing, high correlation was only found between the IMPT peak force (PF) and Kvert at 14 km⋅h–1 (r = 0.510, p = 0.014). Thus, superior leg-spring stiffness in recreational runners may be related to increased knee and ankle joint strength, eccentric muscular capacity, and maximal force production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Chen
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyong Ding
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Li,
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