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Singh TB, Kaur M, Tyagi D, Ahmad I, Kaur G, Afzal SM, Jauhar M. An evidence based comprehensive review on thiacloprid, a pesticide residue, induced toxicity: Unveiling hazard to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104532. [PMID: 39134163 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Thiacloprid, a hazardous neonicotinoid insecticide, prevalent in daily agricultural practices, raises concerns due to the harmful effects of its residues on food items, and on unintended organisms poses a significant threat to human health. Introduced in 1990, Thiacloprid have gained popularity for its perceived effectiveness and reduced risks to non-target animals. However, emerging research in recent years reports significant toxic effects of Thiacloprid on non-target species, spanning neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and reproductive issues. Mammalian studies, particularly involving rodents, reveal cognitive impairment, hippocampal damage, and hepatic abnormalities upon Thiacloprid exposure. Reproductive toxicity and DNA damage are imminent concerns, disrupting gestational epigenetic reprogramming and suggesting persistent effects on future generations. Genotoxic effects, Embryotoxic, and observed reproductive toxicity accentuate the need for caution in the utilization of Thiacloprid. This review highlights reported toxic effects produced by Thiacloprid in recent years, challenging the initial belief in its lower toxicity for vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Bir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Devansh Tyagi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Israel Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
| | - Shaikh Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Mohsin Jauhar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Rubio C, Gatica F, Portila A, Vázquez D, Molina-García J, Piñón E, Rubio-Osornio M. Rats in Epilepsy Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Citations Between 1969 and 2020 on Experimental Models in Epilepsy. Cureus 2023; 15:e48891. [PMID: 38106753 PMCID: PMC10725118 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy stands as a prominent neurological disorder, affecting a substantial number of individuals who, unfortunately, do not respond to conventional antiepileptic medications. To unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures and explore potential therapeutic avenues, researchers have turned to animal models. Among these models, rats have emerged as one of the cornerstones of epilepsy research. This bibliometric analysis embarks on the crucial task of delving into the role of rat models in deciphering the mysteries of epileptic seizures and, notably, pinpointing the most prevalent models in use. Our study harnessed Scopus' citation tracking feature to review a range of research papers dating from 1969 to 2020, all dedicated to the exploration of epileptic seizures in rats. The citations that emerged from this rigorous process were subjected to thematic coding, primarily centered around the specific epileptic animal models employed, and subsequently, comprehensive descriptive statistics were computed. In this effort, we found a total of 1,318 publications that explore the world of rat studies, accumulating a substantial citation count of 44,824 references. This analysis illuminated the invaluable role that research employing rat models has played in shaping our current clinical understanding of epileptic seizures. Notably, several models have emerged as predominant forces in this field, including those induced by pilocarpine, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), kainic acid (KA), electric kindling, and electroshock. This bibliometric exploration serves as a resounding reminder of the pivotal position that rat models occupy in advancing our comprehension of epilepsy. These findings resonate strongly, underscoring the continued importance of directing research and development funding toward this debilitating disorder, with the ultimate aim of maximizing the benefits for the patients grappling with this condition. The potential to revolutionize our approach to epilepsy and enhance the quality of life for those affected remains a beacon of hope, illuminated by the contributions of these tireless researchers and their trusty rat companions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rubio
- Neurophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, MEX
| | - Fernando Gatica
- Neurophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, MEX
| | - Alonso Portila
- Neurophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, MEX
| | - David Vázquez
- Neurophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, MEX
| | - José Molina-García
- Neurophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, MEX
| | - Ernesto Piñón
- Neurophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, MEX
| | - Moisés Rubio-Osornio
- Neurochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de México, MEX
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Dardiotis E, Skouras P, Varvarelis OP, Aloizou AM, Hernández AF, Liampas I, Rikos D, Dastamani M, Golokhvast KS, Bogdanos DP, Tsatsakis A, Siokas V, Mitsias PD, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Pesticides and tremor: An overview of association, mechanisms and confounders. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115442. [PMID: 36758916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a heterogeneous class of chemicals mainly used for the protection of crops from pests. Because of their very widespread use, acute or/and chronic exposure to these chemicals can lead to a plethora of sequelae inflicting diseases, many of which involve the nervous system. Tremor has been associated with pesticide exposure in human and animal studies. This review is aimed at assessing the studies currently available on the association between the various types of pesticides/insecticides and tremor, while also accounting for potential confounding factors. To our knowledge, this is the first coherent review on the subject. After appraising the available evidence, we call for more intensive research on this topic, as well as intonate the need of implementing future preventive measures to protect the exposed populations and to reduce potential disabilities and social drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Skouras
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Orfeas-Petros Varvarelis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ioannis Liampas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rikos
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kirill S Golokhvast
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology RAS, Krasnoobsk, Russia, 630501
| | - Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panayiotis D Mitsias
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa Greece, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Abomosallam M, Hendam BM, Abdallah AA, Refaat R, Elshatory A, Gad El Hak HN. Neuroprotective effect of piracetam-loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles against thiacloprid-induced neurotoxicity in albino rats. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:943-965. [PMID: 36745244 PMCID: PMC10140136 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiacloprid (TH) is a neurotoxic agricultural insecticide and potential food contaminant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between TH exposure and memory dysfunction in rats, as well as the potential protective effect of piracetam and piracetam-loaded magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (PMC NPs). Rats were divided into five equal groups (six rats/group). The control group received saline. Group II was treated with PMC NPs at a dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight (Bwt); Group III was treated with 1/10 LD50 of TH (65 mg/kg Bwt); Group IV was treated with TH (65 mg/kg Bwt) and piracetam (200 mg/kg Bwt); Group V was co-treated with TH (65 mg/kg Bwt) and PMC NPs (200 mg/kg Bwt). All animal groups were dosed daily for 6 weeks by oral gavage. Footprint analysis, hanging wire test, open field test, and Y-maze test were employed to assess behavioral deficits. Animals were euthanized, and brain tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers, proinflammatory cytokines, and gene expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and caspase-3. Brain and sciatic nerve tissues were used for the evaluation of histopathological changes and immunohistochemical expression of tau protein and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), respectively. The results revealed that TH-treated rats suffered from oxidative damage and inflammatory effect on the central and peripheral nerves. The administration of PMC NPs considerably protected against TH-induced neuronal damage, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased inflammatory markers, and improved behavioral performance than the group treated with piracetam. The neuroprotective effect of PMC NPs was mediated through the inhibition of GFAP, APP, caspase-3, Tau, and NF-κB gene expression with induction of Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, TH could induce oxidative stress, inflammatory and neurobehavior impairment in rats. However, PMC NPs administration markedly mitigated TH-induced brain toxicity, possibly via oxidative and inflammatory modulation rather than using piracetam alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abomosallam
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma M Hendam
- Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Amr A Abdallah
- Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Rasha Refaat
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshatory
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt
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