Effectiveness of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Combined with Enteral Nutrition in the Treatment of Patients with Combined Respiratory Failure after Lung Cancer Surgery and Its Effect on Blood Gas Indexes

Nutrition as prevention for improved cancer health outcomes: a systematic literature review

BACKGROUND

Among adults with cancer, malnutrition is associated with decreased treatment completion, more treatment harms and use of health care, and worse short-term survival. To inform the National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention workshop, "Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes," this systematic review examined the evidence for the effectiveness of providing nutrition interventions before or during cancer therapy to improve outcomes of cancer treatment.

METHODS

We identified randomized controlled trials enrolling at least 50 participants published from 2000 through July 2022. We provide a detailed evidence map for included studies and grouped studies by broad intervention and cancer types. We conducted risk of bias (RoB) and qualitative descriptions of outcomes for intervention and cancer types with a larger volume of literature.

RESULTS

From 9798 unique references, 206 randomized controlled trials from 219 publications met the inclusion criteria. Studies primarily focused on nonvitamin or mineral dietary supplements, nutrition support, and route or timing of inpatient nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal or head and neck cancers. Most studies evaluated changes in body weight or composition, adverse events from cancer treatment, length of hospital stay, or quality of life. Few studies were conducted within the United States. Among intervention and cancer types with a high volume of literature (n = 114), 49% (n = 56) were assessed as high RoB. Higher-quality studies (low or medium RoB) reported mixed results on the effect of nutrition interventions across cancer and treatment-related outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Methodological limitations of nutrition intervention studies surrounding cancer treatment impair translation of findings into clinical practice or guidelines.

The Effects of Sequential Ventilation Therapy on Blood Gas Indexes, Pulmonary Function Indexes, Clinical Efficacy, and Safety in Patients with Severe Cor Pulmonale

As a heart disease caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary heart disease has a high incidence and poor clinical prognosis in the elderly. Including mechanical ventilation in the current clinical treatment of cor pulmonale, with the development of medical technology, traditional invasive mechanical ventilation has been pointed out to have certain clinical limitations, so new invasive and noninvasive sequential ventilation treatments are gradually being used. Applied in clinical practice, this article selected 96 patients with severe cor pulmonale in our hospital from January 2020 to May 2021 as the research object and conducted a randomized prospective study. The experimental results show that the two general methods can improve the blood gas index and pulmonary function index of patients with heart disease and pulmonary dysfunction, but the improvement of the above indexes by the sequence of action of gas therapy is better than that of conventional invasive mechanical ventilation.